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Table 71. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, and sex: 2017

(Dollars)

Employment sector and occupation All full-time employed Male Female
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All sectors 110,000 500 120,000 500 95,000 500
Science occupations 100,000 500 107,000 1,000 90,000 500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 94,000 1,500 100,000 500 85,000 1,000
Computer/information scientists 130,000 2,000 134,000 1,500 120,000 3,000
Mathematical scientists 105,000 2,000 107,000 2,000 100,000 1,500
Physical scientists 100,000 500 105,000 1,500 89,000 2,000
Psychologists 93,000 2,000 100,000 1,000 89,000 1,000
Social scientists 92,000 1,500 100,000 1,500 86,000 2,000
Engineering occupations 125,000 1,500 127,000 2,000 110,000 1,500
S&E-related occupations 121,000 3,000 144,000 3,500 100,000 500
Non-S&E occupations 130,000 1,500 150,000 500 107,000 3,000
4-year educational institutiona 90,000 500 95,000 1,500 81,000 1,500
Science occupations 83,000 1,000 89,000 1,500 75,000 1,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 76,000 2,000 83,000 2,500 67,000 2,000
Computer/information scientists 100,000 1,500 103,000 3,000 89,000 1,500
Mathematical scientists 85,000 2,500 90,000 2,000 79,000 2,000
Physical scientists 82,000 2,000 85,000 1,500 74,000 2,000
Psychologists 85,000 1,000 90,000 1,000 80,000 2,500
Social scientists 86,000 1,500 90,000 2,500 80,000 1,000
Engineering occupations 101,000 2,500 103,000 2,500 99,000 2,000
S&E-related occupations 100,000 2,000 120,000 3,000 90,000 2,500
Non-S&E occupations 115,000 3,500 135,000 4,000 96,000 3,000
Other educational institutionb 71,000 1,000 74,000 3,000 70,000 1,000
Science occupations 71,000 1,500 71,000 2,000 70,000 1,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 71,000 4,000 80,000 6,000 69,000 3,500
Computer/information scientists 69,000 2,000 70,000 9,500 68,000 1,000
Mathematical scientists 68,000 4,500 69,000 4,000 53,000 16,500
Physical scientists 68,000 2,500 69,000 1,000 64,000 2,500
Psychologists 80,000 1,500 87,000 6,500 77,000 2,500
Social scientists 69,000 2,500 71,000 4,000 69,000 2,500
Engineering occupations 76,000 11,500 79,000 11,500 S S
S&E-related occupations 65,000 1,500 68,000 4,000 62,000 2,500
Non-S&E occupations 86,000 3,500 92,000 5,500 80,000 2,500
Private, for profitc 137,000 2,000 141,000 2,000 120,000 1,500
Science occupations 130,000 500 135,000 1,000 120,000 1,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 120,000 2,500 125,000 2,000 119,000 4,000
Computer/information scientists 142,000 3,000 144,000 1,500 130,000 5,000
Mathematical scientists 135,000 4,000 134,000 4,500 135,000 8,000
Physical scientists 125,000 1,000 129,000 2,500 115,000 2,500
Psychologists 102,000 5,000 115,000 3,500 94,000 4,500
Social scientists 134,000 6,500 143,000 4,500 124,000 7,500
Engineering occupations 130,000 1,500 135,000 2,000 119,000 3,000
S&E-related occupations 160,000 3,000 168,000 4,500 132,000 7,000
Non-S&E occupations 160,000 3,500 174,000 4,000 130,000 4,500
Private, nonprofit 114,000 2,000 129,000 2,500 100,000 500
Science occupations 107,000 2,500 119,000 2,500 93,000 2,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 94,000 3,000 102,000 4,500 85,000 5,500
Computer/information scientists 135,000 6,500 140,000 10,500 122,000 6,000
Mathematical scientists 129,000 6,500 137,000 8,500 114,000 6,500
Physical scientists 119,000 7,000 130,000 10,500 107,000 8,000
Psychologists 93,000 4,500 100,000 7,000 89,000 3,500
Social scientists 123,000 3,500 129,000 11,000 109,000 7,500
Engineering occupations 130,000 6,000 140,000 7,000 98,000 8,000
S&E-related occupations 137,000 4,500 159,000 10,500 113,000 4,000
Non-S&E occupations 110,000 8,500 126,000 9,000 101,000 5,500
Federal government 120,000 500 125,000 2,000 110,000 1,500
Science occupations 114,000 2,000 120,000 1,000 107,000 1,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 107,000 2,000 110,000 2,000 100,000 1,500
Computer/information scientists 126,000 3,500 127,000 3,500 123,000 9,000
Mathematical scientists 127,000 5,000 132,000 4,000 117,000 9,000
Physical scientists 123,000 3,500 125,000 3,000 109,000 3,000
Psychologists 105,000 1,500 108,000 2,500 103,000 3,000
Social scientists 129,000 4,500 142,000 6,500 120,000 1,500
Engineering occupations 128,000 2,500 133,000 5,500 110,000 5,000
S&E-related occupations 140,000 4,000 149,000 5,000 128,000 5,000
Non-S&E occupations 132,000 3,000 137,000 6,500 130,000 3,500
State or local government 90,000 1,000 90,000 3,500 90,000 2,000
Science occupations 86,000 2,500 88,000 3,500 84,000 2,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 79,000 4,500 86,000 6,000 69,000 5,000
Computer/information scientists 93,000 3,500 96,000 6,000 90,000 15,500
Mathematical scientists 88,000 10,000 93,000 11,500 76,000 3,500
Physical scientists 80,000 5,500 85,000 6,500 78,000 1,500
Psychologists 95,000 4,500 99,000 11,500 94,000 3,000
Social scientists 81,000 2,500 79,000 5,500 83,000 5,000
Engineering occupations 100,000 9,000 100,000 10,000 95,000 8,500
S&E-related occupations 94,000 7,000 89,000 7,000 105,000 2,500
Non-S&E occupations 99,000 4,000 99,000 5,000 96,000 8,500
Self-employedd 99,000 500 110,000 8,500 94,000 6,000
Science occupations 100,000 3,000 106,000 8,500 99,000 1,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 69,000 20,500 62,000 17,000 98,000 27,500
Computer/information scientists 80,000 26,500 97,000 26,500 S S
Mathematical scientists 102,000 28,500 95,000 43,000 S S
Physical scientists 85,000 30,500 77,000 10,000 D D
Psychologists 104,000 8,000 118,000 8,500 99,000 1,000
Social scientists 95,000 17,000 98,000 19,000 85,000 28,500
Engineering occupations 139,000 13,500 139,000 16,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 152,000 29,000 184,000 8,000 65,000 16,500
Non-S&E occupations 87,000 11,000 97,000 6,500 69,000 5,000
Other sectore 124,000 4,500 136,000 9,000 110,000 8,000
Science occupations 120,000 7,000 131,000 7,500 108,000 11,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 73,000 21,500 95,000 8,000 57,000 12,500
Computer/information scientists 126,000 5,500 124,000 9,500 125,000 15,500
Mathematical scientists 132,000 26,000 133,000 20,000 119,000 9,000
Physical scientists 100,000 22,000 119,000 25,500 85,000 3,500
Psychologists 91,000 28,000 D D D D
Social scientists 137,000 13,000 139,000 27,000 124,000 11,500
Engineering occupations 135,000 16,500 145,000 8,000 117,000 10,000
S&E-related occupations 123,000 6,500 129,000 13,000 98,000 15,000
Non-S&E occupations 122,000 15,500 156,000 74,000 117,000 13,500
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.