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Table 72. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2017

(Dollars)

Employment sector and occupation All full-time employed Hispanic or Latinoa Not Hispanic or Latinob
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White Other racec
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All sectors 110,000 500 100,000 1,500 92,000 5,500 118,000 2,000 95,000 1,500 110,000 500 100,000 2,000
Science occupations 100,000 500 91,000 2,000 80,000 8,000 104,000 2,000 88,000 2,000 100,000 500 90,000 2,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 94,000 1,500 86,000 2,000 98,000 12,000 90,000 1,500 90,000 3,500 95,000 1,500 83,000 5,500
Computer/information scientists 130,000 2,000 123,000 9,500 D D 135,000 2,000 113,000 6,000 130,000 500 135,000 11,500
Mathematical scientists 105,000 2,000 99,000 7,000 D D 111,000 5,500 96,000 8,000 100,000 1,500 100,000 4,500
Physical scientists 100,000 500 95,000 4,500 95,000 32,500 95,000 4,000 84,000 5,000 103,000 2,000 99,000 6,000
Psychologists 93,000 2,000 88,000 4,000 74,000 17,000 80,000 2,000 80,000 2,000 97,000 2,000 91,000 5,000
Social scientists 92,000 1,500 90,000 3,500 71,000 11,500 93,000 3,000 89,000 3,000 92,000 2,000 84,000 2,000
Engineering occupations 125,000 1,500 110,000 4,500 135,000 13,500 120,000 500 109,000 4,500 129,000 2,000 129,000 5,500
S&E-related occupations 121,000 3,000 117,000 6,000 95,000 6,500 130,000 2,500 100,000 4,000 120,000 3,000 118,000 11,000
Non-S&E occupations 130,000 1,500 113,000 6,500 85,000 4,500 142,000 5,000 104,000 4,500 132,000 3,000 110,000 11,000
4-year educational institutiond 90,000 500 82,000 1,500 87,000 8,000 84,000 1,500 86,000 2,000 91,000 1,000 85,000 2,000
Science occupations 83,000 1,000 77,000 2,500 74,000 7,000 75,000 1,500 79,000 2,000 85,000 1,500 80,000 4,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 76,000 2,000 70,000 3,000 80,000 17,000 60,000 2,500 68,000 5,500 80,000 2,000 68,000 4,000
Computer/information scientists 100,000 1,500 76,000 4,000 D D 95,000 3,500 84,000 8,000 104,000 3,500 79,000 18,500
Mathematical scientists 85,000 2,500 77,000 3,500 D D 89,000 5,000 82,000 7,000 85,000 3,000 85,000 18,000
Physical scientists 82,000 2,000 77,000 4,500 D D 73,000 2,500 75,000 4,000 85,000 1,500 84,000 6,000
Psychologists 85,000 1,000 77,000 3,500 D D 76,000 5,000 76,000 4,000 88,000 2,000 88,000 3,500
Social scientists 86,000 1,500 81,000 2,500 69,000 12,500 80,000 5,000 85,000 3,000 88,000 2,000 84,000 6,000
Engineering occupations 101,000 2,500 92,000 3,000 D D 97,000 3,000 103,000 4,500 106,000 2,500 121,000 18,500
S&E-related occupations 100,000 2,000 103,000 8,000 96,000 6,000 100,000 2,000 90,000 4,500 100,000 2,000 79,000 15,000
Non-S&E occupations 115,000 3,500 90,000 6,500 86,000 5,000 109,000 7,500 112,000 7,000 119,000 1,500 104,000 10,000
Other educational institutione 71,000 1,000 80,000 4,000 57,000 10,000 65,000 6,000 73,000 4,000 72,000 1,500 67,000 14,000
Science occupations 71,000 1,500 80,000 6,500 S S 65,000 6,000 70,000 5,500 71,000 1,500 76,000 9,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 71,000 4,000 69,000 6,500 D D 76,000 16,500 70,000 10,000 70,000 4,500 D D
Computer/information scientists 69,000 2,000 D D D D S S D D 69,000 2,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 68,000 4,500 D D D D 47,000 8,500 S S 70,000 3,500 D D
Physical scientists 68,000 2,500 74,000 3,500 D D 58,000 7,000 54,000 9,500 69,000 1,000 D D
Psychologists 80,000 1,500 93,000 21,500 D D D D 77,000 4,500 80,000 2,000 D D
Social scientists 69,000 2,500 76,000 16,000 D D S S 86,000 24,000 69,000 3,500 D D
Engineering occupations 76,000 11,500 D D D D D D D D D D D D
S&E-related occupations 65,000 1,500 76,000 5,500 D D 50,000 12,000 58,000 12,000 65,000 2,000 57,000 10,500
Non-S&E occupations 86,000 3,500 76,000 9,500 D D 72,000 22,500 84,000 3,000 90,000 2,000 S S
Private, for profitf 137,000 2,000 130,000 2,000 119,000 22,000 135,000 1,000 125,000 5,500 140,000 500 130,000 5,500
Science occupations 130,000 500 125,000 4,500 97,000 37,000 132,000 2,500 119,000 6,000 129,000 2,500 128,000 7,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 120,000 2,500 119,000 5,500 D D 119,000 1,000 119,000 6,000 123,000 3,000 123,000 17,000
Computer/information scientists 142,000 3,000 144,000 14,500 D D 144,000 2,000 140,000 24,500 139,000 1,000 146,000 17,000
Mathematical scientists 135,000 4,000 140,000 10,000 D D 134,000 3,500 158,000 11,500 135,000 5,000 129,000 20,500
Physical scientists 125,000 1,000 118,000 7,500 S S 119,000 2,000 99,000 16,000 130,000 1,500 112,000 17,500
Psychologists 102,000 5,000 83,000 27,500 D D 151,000 31,000 76,000 7,500 103,000 5,500 D D
Social scientists 134,000 6,500 120,000 33,500 D D 140,000 12,000 133,000 17,000 134,000 9,500 175,000 41,500
Engineering occupations 130,000 1,500 124,000 5,000 142,000 15,500 128,000 1,500 126,000 7,000 140,000 1,000 130,000 6,000
S&E-related occupations 160,000 3,000 169,000 22,000 D D 159,000 6,000 137,000 14,000 160,000 4,000 130,000 31,500
Non-S&E occupations 160,000 3,500 147,000 7,000 D D 158,000 6,500 125,000 16,500 161,000 5,500 144,000 14,500
Private, nonprofit 114,000 2,000 95,000 6,500 82,000 3,500 99,000 3,000 103,000 7,000 120,000 3,000 105,000 7,000
Science occupations 107,000 2,500 94,000 11,000 S S 93,000 6,500 86,000 7,500 111,000 3,000 100,000 12,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 94,000 3,000 73,000 5,500 D D 70,000 4,500 74,000 11,000 102,000 3,500 83,000 33,500
Computer/information scientists 135,000 6,500 D D D D 121,000 10,000 D D 139,000 10,000 S S
Mathematical scientists 129,000 6,500 * * D D 113,000 11,500 121,000 17,000 135,000 10,000 D D
Physical scientists 119,000 7,000 133,000 4,500 D D 108,000 12,000 S S 120,000 9,000 S S
Psychologists 93,000 4,500 90,000 7,500 D D 83,000 7,500 D D 97,000 4,500 S S
Social scientists 123,000 3,500 112,000 11,500 D D 112,000 21,000 80,000 12,500 124,000 3,500 D D
Engineering occupations 130,000 6,000 96,000 2,500 D D 123,000 10,000 S S 139,000 6,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 137,000 4,500 126,000 42,000 D D 108,000 10,000 138,000 11,000 154,000 9,500 138,000 58,000
Non-S&E occupations 110,000 8,500 60,000 5,000 D D 90,000 6,500 83,000 15,000 124,000 7,500 93,000 39,500
Federal government 120,000 500 110,000 2,500 110,000 12,000 119,000 3,000 104,000 2,500 121,000 2,000 112,000 9,500
Science occupations 114,000 2,000 107,000 3,500 D D 108,000 6,500 99,000 2,000 115,000 1,500 108,000 7,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 107,000 2,000 98,000 11,000 D D 99,000 5,000 98,000 2,500 109,000 1,000 95,000 3,500
Computer/information scientists 126,000 3,500 D D D D 128,000 5,000 * * 124,000 4,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 127,000 5,000 125,000 18,000 D D 114,000 14,500 101,000 10,000 132,000 2,500 S S
Physical scientists 123,000 3,500 100,000 5,000 D D 108,000 12,000 114,000 10,500 125,000 3,500 106,000 12,000
Psychologists 105,000 1,500 102,000 7,000 D D D D 89,000 1,000 106,000 2,000 D D
Social scientists 129,000 4,500 140,000 18,500 D D 124,000 11,000 127,000 4,500 130,000 4,500 D D
Engineering occupations 128,000 2,500 137,000 29,000 D D 126,000 8,500 106,000 6,500 129,000 3,000 D D
S&E-related occupations 140,000 4,000 133,000 16,500 D D 135,000 19,000 104,000 9,000 144,000 3,500 129,000 7,500
Non-S&E occupations 132,000 3,000 105,000 10,000 D D 129,000 7,000 119,000 13,500 136,000 8,500 125,000 23,500
State or local government 90,000 1,000 93,000 4,500 D D 80,000 4,000 84,000 4,000 93,000 3,000 75,000 17,000
Science occupations 86,000 2,500 93,000 3,500 D D 85,000 5,500 83,000 3,500 87,000 3,000 74,000 5,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 79,000 4,500 73,000 15,500 D D 79,000 11,000 65,000 29,000 79,000 4,000 S S
Computer/information scientists 93,000 3,500 D D D D 95,000 18,000 D D 89,000 15,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 88,000 10,000 D D D D D D D D 80,000 27,500 D D
Physical scientists 80,000 5,500 * * D D 78,000 8,000 D D 87,000 3,000 D D
Psychologists 95,000 4,500 D D D D S S 80,000 4,500 99,000 5,500 D D
Social scientists 81,000 2,500 S S D D 83,000 10,000 83,000 11,000 81,000 2,500 S S
Engineering occupations 100,000 9,000 69,000 12,000 D D 78,000 10,000 90,000 10,500 105,000 1,000 D D
S&E-related occupations 94,000 7,000 123,000 31,500 D D 70,000 11,000 84,000 26,500 100,000 4,000 D D
Non-S&E occupations 99,000 4,000 93,000 14,500 D D 71,000 4,500 90,000 15,500 100,000 6,500 * *
Self-employedg 99,000 500 72,000 17,000 S S 109,000 9,500 91,000 28,500 100,000 3,000 56,000 16,500
Science occupations 100,000 3,000 75,000 20,000 D D 91,000 10,500 116,000 21,000 101,000 7,500 60,000 19,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 69,000 20,500 S S D D 75,000 24,000 D D S S D D
Computer/information scientists 80,000 26,500 D D D D S S D D 102,000 13,500 D D
Mathematical scientists 102,000 28,500 D D D D D D D D S S D D
Physical scientists 85,000 30,500 D D D D D D D D 89,000 28,500 D D
Psychologists 104,000 8,000 80,000 18,500 D D D D S S 108,000 8,000 D D
Social scientists 95,000 17,000 D D D D D D D D 91,000 24,500 D D
Engineering occupations 139,000 13,500 D D D D 62,000 30,000 D D 142,000 18,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 152,000 29,000 D D D D 163,000 27,500 * * 147,000 43,000 D D
Non-S&E occupations 87,000 11,000 71,000 17,500 D D 100,000 5,000 67,000 13,500 85,000 10,500 39,000 7,500
Other sectorh 124,000 4,500 136,000 8,500 S S 120,000 3,500 113,000 10,000 125,000 5,500 89,000 6,500
Science occupations 120,000 7,000 133,000 11,000 D D 115,000 5,500 95,000 12,000 124,000 6,000 D D
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 73,000 21,500 S S D D 56,000 3,000 D D 96,000 21,000 D D
Computer/information scientists 126,000 5,500 D D D D 124,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 132,000 26,000 D D D D 148,000 33,000 D D D D D D
Physical scientists 100,000 22,000 D D D D 90,000 20,000 S S 148,000 10,000 D D
Psychologists 91,000 28,000 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Social scientists 137,000 13,000 138,000 16,500 D D 206,000 40,000 S S 121,000 13,500 D D
Engineering occupations 135,000 16,500 D D D D 120,000 10,000 D D 151,000 1,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 123,000 6,500 * * D D 91,000 34,000 D D 125,000 12,000 D D
Non-S&E occupations 122,000 15,500 202,000 67,500 D D 142,000 59,500 D D 98,000 17,000 D D
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
d Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
e Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
f Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
g Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
h Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.