* = amount greater than $0 but less than $50,000. NA = not available; data were not collected at that level for that fiscal year.

FFRDC = federally funded research and development center.

^a Intramural activities cover costs associated with the administration of intramural R&D programs and extramural R&D procurements by federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance.

NOTES: Because of rounding, detail may not add to total. In FY 2000, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reclassified the International Space Station (ISS) as a physical asset, reclassified ISS Research as equipment, and transferred funding for the program from R&D to R&D plant. In FY 2006, NASA reclassified as operational costs funding for Space Operations, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, and the James Webb Space Telescope that previously had been reported as R&D plant. In FY 2010, NASA resumed reporting ISS obligations as R&D plant. In FY 2012, NASA began reporting ISS obligations as research rather than R&D plant. In FY 2013, NASA revamped its reporting process so that the data for FY 2012 forward are not directly comparable with totals reported in previous years. In FY 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was unable to report R&D plant by performer or by location. Percentage distributions calculated from EPA's data submission for FY 2009 were used to estimate its FY 2010 R&D plant by performer and its location. FYs 2009 and 2010 obligations include additional funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development.