Table 122. Federal obligations for research, by detailed field of science and engineering: FYs 1997–2007

(Dollars in millions)

Field	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
All fields	29,365.3	30,922.3	33,527.5	38,470.6	44,713.7	48,006.7	51,071.8	53,357.8	53,738.2	53,535.7	54,093.6
Computer sciences and mathematics	1,671.8	1,836.8	1,980.6	2,205.6	2,610.6	2,630.7	2,672.5	2,949.4	2,983.4	2,814.9	2,945.7
Computer sciences	1,264.7	1,398.7	1,516.1	1,659.6	2,022.8	2,043.2	2,052.8	2,144.9	2,157.1	1,987.8	2,077.7
Mathematics	301.6	334.1	345.3	432.9	396.4	402.0	452.9	617.8	686.6	669.2	708.6
Other computer sciences and mathematics	105.5	104.0	119.2	113.1	191.4	185.5	166.7	186.7	139.7	157.9	159.4
Engineering	5,690.3	5,895.4	6,263.4	6,346.4	8,197.0	8,274.9	8,405.1	8,866.4	8,552.9	8,678.7	8,989.7
Aeronautical engineering	1,352.7	1,596.4	1,609.7	1,463.9	2,430.1	2,157.1	1,732.2	1,640.8	1,276.3	1,229.2	929.2
Astronautical engineering	596.3	631.1	620.6	515.0	752.7	760.8	702.5	664.9	494.1	476.3	341.0
Chemical engineering	235.0	190.1	203.2	196.5	199.0	201.6	327.9	318.8	283.8	294.6	353.8
Civil engineering	275.6	244.1	328.5	239.2	288.4	302.7	339.6	330.3	279.2	352.7	461.5
Electrical engineering	622.2	639.3	698.7	744.8	889.7	808.7	950.0	890.9	1,033.5	1,035.5	1,027.5
Mechanical engineering	254.6	249.6	240.4	289.3	319.2	265.9	298.4	301.9	323.7	298.2	337.2
Metallurgy and materials engineering	860.7	789.1	788.0	918.1	1,080.8	1,000.5	1,083.7	1,037.2	1,184.1	1,250.0	1,479.8
Other engineering	1,493.2	1,555.6	1,774.3	1,979.6	2,237.0	2,777.6	2,970.8	3,681.6	3,678.3	3,742.3	4,059.8
Environmental sciences	3,045.7	3,062.0	3,095.3	3,328.8	3,251.7	3,418.3	3,740.9	3,741.6	3,502.6	3,430.6	3,170.5
Atmospheric sciences	1,164.3	1,174.4	1,176.5	1,104.3	1,113.6	1,163.5	1,259.4	1,259.7	1,185.1	1,166.9	964.6
Geological sciences	691.8	603.3	660.2	639.2	673.8	674.9	725.0	704.5	673.5	653.9	638.0
Oceanography	597.7	559.8	656.6	673.0	681.1	784.6	846.1	809.1	771.5	745.8	787.8
Other environmental sciences	591.8	724.4	602.0	912.2	783.3	795.2	910.3	968.4	872.5	864.0	780.1
Life sciences	12,661.3	13,557.6	15,422.5	17,964.7	23,057.3	25,476.8	27,772.2	27,728.5	28,127.8	27,927.7	29,463.6
Agricultural sciences	641.3	762.8	849.4	895.0	1,007.7	1,047.6	1,046.0	1,086.8	1,094.2	1,108.2	1,139.4
Biological sciences (excluding environmental biology)	5,320.2	5,706.6	6,477.6	10,740.0	12,380.0	14,498.5	18,643.5	13,091.9	13,351.6	13,690.8	14,429.7
Environmental biology	582.5	604.5	720.6	740.0	728.8	778.9	717.9	670.0	699.0	686.6	757.2
Medical sciences	5,532.7	5,996.3	6,801.2	4,463.8	6,585.2	6,427.4	6,160.3	10,898.8	10,862.1	10,592.2	10,790.7
Other life sciences	584.6	487.4	573.6	1,125.9	2,355.7	2,724.4	1,204.6	1,981.0	2,120.9	1,849.9	2,346.5
Physical sciences	4,149.2	4,209.7	4,066.2	4,788.0	4,600.8	4,983.2	5,021.6	5,211.1	5,493.7	5,351.1	5,136.1
Astronomy	774.7	732.2	757.9	880.3	759.2	751.5	871.8	920.8	884.9	792.5	655.9
Chemistry	845.8	819.0	814.9	1,225.6	1,024.9	1,181.7	1,137.9	1,191.0	1,197.5	1,126.4	1,149.9
Physics	2,067.6	2,131.8	2,221.9	2,405.4	2,461.7	2,621.4	2,500.2	2,598.6	3,041.3	3,001.8	2,939.2
Other physical sciences	461.0	526.7	271.4	276.7	354.9	428.6	511.7	500.8	370.0	430.5	391.1
Psychology	545.4	591.0	632.6	1,626.7	741.9	905.9	1,104.4	1,854.9	1,891.8	1,747.3	1,837.9
Biological aspects	57.8	41.6	18.0	8.2	13.6	10.6	23.2	6.0	2.3	3.0	3.8
Social aspects	96.7	97.5	66.6	56.0	59.8	52.5	50.6	51.7	46.6	40.9	36.8
Other psychological sciences	390.9	451.9	547.9	1,562.5	668.5	842.8	1,030.6	1,797.2	1,842.8	1,703.4	1,797.3
Social sciences	696.3	806.1	854.9	1,050.4	1,008.6	983.0	1,025.8	1,089.6	1,097.1	1,123.9	1,147.1
Anthropology	21.0	18.2	18.3	15.9	15.6	16.4	14.5	15.0	18.0	15.1	16.1
Economics	205.2	230.5	216.6	249.5	234.1	227.3	234.5	204.6	215.9	202.6	250.0
Political science	14.1	20.2	20.2	22.6	19.5	18.4	18.5	18.7	32.7	44.6	41.2
Sociology	25.9	100.8	83.8	90.6	95.5	96.1	124.7	120.1	70.2	144.2	217.6
Other social sciences	430.2	436.4	516.0	671.8	644.0	624.7	633.6	731.2	760.4	717.4	622.2
Other sciences nec	905.3	963.7	1,212.1	1,160.2	1,245.8	1,334.0	1,329.3	1,916.3	2,088.9	2,461.3	1,403.1

NOTES: Because of rounding, detail may not add to total. In FY 2000, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reclassified the International Space Station (ISS) as a physical asset, reclassified ISS Research as equipment, and transferred funding for the program from R&D to R&D plant; the National Institutes of Health reclassified all its development activities as research. In FY 2006, NASA reclassified as operational costs funding for Space Operations, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, and the James Webb Space Telescope that previously had been reported as R&D plant. Between FY 2006 and FY 2007, NASA's R&D obligations decreased for two reasons: (1) in FY 2007, NASA excluded projects that were operational in nature that were not excluded in FY 2006, which accounts for $850 million of the decrease; and (2) there was an overall decrease in obligations between FY 2006 and FY 2007, which accounts for the remainder of the decrease.