Table 122. Federal obligations for research, by detailed field of science and engineering: FYs 1998–2008
(Dollars in millions)
| Field |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
| All fields |
30,922.3 |
33,527.5 |
38,470.6 |
44,713.7 |
48,006.7 |
51,071.8 |
53,357.8 |
53,738.2 |
53,535.7 |
54,093.6 |
53,893.7 |
| Computer sciences and mathematics |
1,836.8 |
1,980.6 |
2,205.6 |
2,610.6 |
2,630.7 |
2,672.5 |
2,949.4 |
2,983.4 |
2,814.9 |
2,945.7 |
3,047.3 |
| Computer sciences |
1,398.7 |
1,516.1 |
1,659.6 |
2,022.8 |
2,043.2 |
2,052.8 |
2,144.9 |
2,157.1 |
1,987.8 |
2,077.7 |
2,053.0 |
| Mathematics |
334.1 |
345.3 |
432.9 |
396.4 |
402.0 |
452.9 |
617.8 |
686.6 |
669.2 |
708.6 |
782.9 |
| Other computer sciences and mathematics |
104.0 |
119.2 |
113.1 |
191.4 |
185.5 |
166.7 |
186.7 |
139.7 |
157.9 |
159.4 |
211.4 |
| Engineering |
5,895.4 |
6,263.4 |
6,346.4 |
8,197.0 |
8,274.9 |
8,405.1 |
8,866.4 |
8,552.9 |
8,678.7 |
8,989.7 |
8,975.5 |
| Aeronautical engineering |
1,596.4 |
1,609.7 |
1,463.9 |
2,430.1 |
2,157.1 |
1,732.2 |
1,640.8 |
1,276.3 |
1,229.2 |
929.2 |
810.3 |
| Astronautical engineering |
631.1 |
620.6 |
515.0 |
752.7 |
760.8 |
702.5 |
664.9 |
494.1 |
476.3 |
341.0 |
288.1 |
| Chemical engineering |
190.1 |
203.2 |
196.5 |
199.0 |
201.6 |
327.9 |
318.8 |
283.8 |
294.6 |
353.8 |
345.6 |
| Civil engineering |
244.1 |
328.5 |
239.2 |
288.4 |
302.7 |
339.6 |
330.3 |
279.2 |
352.7 |
461.5 |
488.0 |
| Electrical engineering |
639.3 |
698.7 |
744.8 |
889.7 |
808.7 |
950.0 |
890.9 |
1,033.5 |
1,035.5 |
1,027.5 |
1,046.5 |
| Mechanical engineering |
249.6 |
240.4 |
289.3 |
319.2 |
265.9 |
298.4 |
301.9 |
323.7 |
298.2 |
337.2 |
292.4 |
| Metallurgy and materials engineering |
789.1 |
788.0 |
918.1 |
1,080.8 |
1,000.5 |
1,083.7 |
1,037.2 |
1,184.1 |
1,250.0 |
1,479.8 |
1,623.9 |
| Other engineering |
1,555.6 |
1,774.3 |
1,979.6 |
2,237.0 |
2,777.6 |
2,970.8 |
3,681.6 |
3,678.3 |
3,742.3 |
4,059.8 |
4,080.8 |
| Environmental sciences |
3,062.0 |
3,095.3 |
3,328.8 |
3,251.7 |
3,418.3 |
3,740.9 |
3,741.6 |
3,502.6 |
3,430.6 |
3,170.5 |
2,984.6 |
| Atmospheric sciences |
1,174.4 |
1,176.5 |
1,104.3 |
1,113.6 |
1,163.5 |
1,259.4 |
1,259.7 |
1,185.1 |
1,166.9 |
964.6 |
884.5 |
| Geological sciences |
603.3 |
660.2 |
639.2 |
673.8 |
674.9 |
725.0 |
704.5 |
673.5 |
653.9 |
638.0 |
517.5 |
| Oceanography |
559.8 |
656.6 |
673.0 |
681.1 |
784.6 |
846.1 |
809.1 |
771.5 |
745.8 |
787.8 |
788.7 |
| Other environmental sciences |
724.4 |
602.0 |
912.2 |
783.3 |
795.2 |
910.3 |
968.4 |
872.5 |
864.0 |
780.1 |
793.9 |
| Life sciences |
13,557.6 |
15,422.5 |
17,964.7 |
23,057.3 |
25,476.8 |
27,772.2 |
27,728.5 |
28,127.8 |
27,927.7 |
29,463.6 |
28,918.8 |
| Agricultural sciences |
762.8 |
849.4 |
895.0 |
1,007.7 |
1,047.6 |
1,046.0 |
1,086.8 |
1,094.2 |
1,108.2 |
1,139.4 |
1,020.3 |
| Biological sciences (excluding environmental biology) |
5,706.6 |
6,477.6 |
10,740.0 |
12,380.0 |
14,498.5 |
18,643.5 |
13,091.9 |
13,351.6 |
13,690.8 |
14,429.7 |
14,443.1 |
| Environmental biology |
604.5 |
720.6 |
740.0 |
728.8 |
778.9 |
717.9 |
670.0 |
699.0 |
686.6 |
757.2 |
858.0 |
| Medical sciences |
5,996.3 |
6,801.2 |
4,463.8 |
6,585.2 |
6,427.4 |
6,160.3 |
10,898.8 |
10,862.1 |
10,592.2 |
10,790.7 |
10,387.3 |
| Other life sciences |
487.4 |
573.6 |
1,125.9 |
2,355.7 |
2,724.4 |
1,204.6 |
1,981.0 |
2,120.9 |
1,849.9 |
2,346.5 |
2,210.1 |
| Physical sciences |
4,209.7 |
4,066.2 |
4,788.0 |
4,600.8 |
4,983.2 |
5,021.6 |
5,211.1 |
5,493.7 |
5,351.1 |
5,136.1 |
5,072.6 |
| Astronomy |
732.2 |
757.9 |
880.3 |
759.2 |
751.5 |
871.8 |
920.8 |
884.9 |
792.5 |
655.9 |
527.9 |
| Chemistry |
819.0 |
814.9 |
1,225.6 |
1,024.9 |
1,181.7 |
1,137.9 |
1,191.0 |
1,197.5 |
1,126.4 |
1,149.9 |
1,148.4 |
| Physics |
2,131.8 |
2,221.9 |
2,405.4 |
2,461.7 |
2,621.4 |
2,500.2 |
2,598.6 |
3,041.3 |
3,001.8 |
2,939.2 |
2,968.9 |
| Other physical sciences |
526.7 |
271.4 |
276.7 |
354.9 |
428.6 |
511.7 |
500.8 |
370.0 |
430.5 |
391.1 |
427.4 |
| Psychology |
591.0 |
632.6 |
1,626.7 |
741.9 |
905.9 |
1,104.4 |
1,854.9 |
1,891.8 |
1,747.3 |
1,837.9 |
1,740.8 |
| Biological aspects |
41.6 |
18.0 |
8.2 |
13.6 |
10.6 |
23.2 |
6.0 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
21.8 |
| Social aspects |
97.5 |
66.6 |
56.0 |
59.8 |
52.5 |
50.6 |
51.7 |
46.6 |
40.9 |
36.8 |
18.8 |
| Other psychological sciences |
451.9 |
547.9 |
1,562.5 |
668.5 |
842.8 |
1,030.6 |
1,797.2 |
1,842.8 |
1,703.4 |
1,797.3 |
1,700.3 |
| Social sciences |
806.1 |
854.9 |
1,050.4 |
1,008.6 |
983.0 |
1,025.8 |
1,089.6 |
1,097.1 |
1,123.9 |
1,147.1 |
977.0 |
| Anthropology |
18.2 |
18.3 |
15.9 |
15.6 |
16.4 |
14.5 |
15.0 |
18.0 |
15.1 |
16.1 |
17.4 |
| Economics |
230.5 |
216.6 |
249.5 |
234.1 |
227.3 |
234.5 |
204.6 |
215.9 |
202.6 |
250.0 |
212.3 |
| Political science |
20.2 |
20.2 |
22.6 |
19.5 |
18.4 |
18.5 |
18.7 |
32.7 |
44.6 |
41.2 |
29.2 |
| Sociology |
100.8 |
83.8 |
90.6 |
95.5 |
96.1 |
124.7 |
120.1 |
70.2 |
144.2 |
217.6 |
95.2 |
| Other social sciences |
436.4 |
516.0 |
671.8 |
644.0 |
624.7 |
633.6 |
731.2 |
760.4 |
717.4 |
622.2 |
622.9 |
| Other sciences nec |
963.7 |
1,212.1 |
1,160.2 |
1,245.8 |
1,334.0 |
1,329.3 |
1,916.3 |
2,088.9 |
2,461.3 |
1,403.1 |
2,177.1 |
