Table 116. Federal obligations for research and development, by performer: FYs 1967–2019

(Dollars in millions)

Fiscal year	Total	Intramural^a	Extramural
			United States and U.S. territories							Foreign
			Industry	Industry-administered FFRDCs	Universities and colleges	University-administered FFRDCs	Other nonprofits	Nonprofit-administered FFRDCs	State, local governments	Foreign
1967	16,529.1	3,395.7	9,877.8	384.7	1,454.3	666.5	400.1	223.5	63.5	63.1
1968	15,921.2	3,493.1	9,047.0	414.2	1,487.4	713.7	377.5	234.5	100.2	53.5
1969	15,640.9	3,501.2	8,703.1	427.1	1,529.2	722.0	364.2	240.7	102.2	51.1
1970	15,338.9	4,079.3	7,770.1	430.7	1,475.6	751.1	444.9	247.4	99.6	40.2
1971	15,542.5	4,228.3	7,587.5	480.2	1,644.6	728.9	458.8	210.2	141.1	63.1
1972	16,495.9	4,589.2	7,716.0	529.9	1,903.5	760.6	514.9	215.4	206.7	59.6
1973	16,800.2	4,762.2	7,731.3	582.4	1,916.6	725.3	578.2	183.1	256.8	64.4
1974	17,410.1	4,910.9	7,752.3	592.8	2,214.0	789.1	672.2	199.3	214.4	65.1
1975	19,038.8	5,354.0	8,423.2	703.7	2,411.4	935.1	702.3	219.9	227.6	61.6
1976	20,779.7	5,768.7	9,340.3	813.8	2,551.8	1,061.1	708.6	231.0	231.2	73.1
1977	23,450.4	6,011.7	10,717.2	1,112.7	2,905.5	1,313.1	800.0	263.9	238.0	88.2
1978	25,845.1	6,810.4	11,400.0	1,242.5	3,374.6	1,311.9	998.2	315.9	268.4	123.2
1979	28,145.1	7,417.5	12,172.4	1,318.1	3,888.8	1,488.3	1,026.5	368.7	310.1	154.7
1980	29,830.4	7,632.3	12,969.1	1,408.1	4,263.4	1,533.3	1,105.6	441.8	265.5	211.2
1981	33,103.9	8,425.7	14,867.9	1,413.9	4,465.8	1,791.0	1,068.8	525.2	222.2	323.4
1982	36,432.6	9,141.0	17,192.2	1,506.4	4,605.5	1,976.7	1,091.7	520.6	184.3	214.3
1983	38,711.5	10,581.9	17,019.7	1,501.2	4,966.4	2,393.9	1,241.6	581.3	186.0	239.5
1984	42,224.9	11,572.3	18,610.4	1,608.4	5,546.9	2,485.8	1,497.3	597.1	130.9	175.8
1985	48,359.6	12,945.4	21,704.9	1,790.8	6,339.7	2,816.4	1,699.2	689.2	129.4	244.5
1986	51,412.4	13,534.9	24,201.2	1,697.0	6,558.8	2,767.7	1,677.0	551.2	128.4	296.3
1987	55,253.7	13,413.1	26,768.2	1,860.0	7,337.3	3,209.6	1,711.4	510.6	148.2	295.3
1988	56,769.4	14,114.6	26,719.2	1,911.3	7,827.7	3,473.9	1,683.2	505.6	142.1	391.8
1989	61,406.5	15,024.6	28,547.9	2,056.3	8,672.0	3,497.1	1,999.9	522.0	167.4	919.4
1990	63,559.5	15,848.9	29,370.0	2,326.8	9,137.5	3,449.8	2,248.2	621.6	213.9	342.6
1991	61,295.2	15,138.2	26,420.6	2,168.3	10,168.5	3,603.8	2,637.4	679.4	215.1	263.9
1992	65,592.6	15,582.8	29,744.8	2,117.0	10,271.2	3,855.5	2,803.6	745.6	184.1	287.9
1993	67,314.0	16,663.3	30,219.0	1,451.3	11,208.4	3,614.2	2,811.9	753.4	320.3	272.2
1994	67,235.4	16,132.1	30,454.9	1,293.5	11,796.9	3,292.9	2,936.9	736.0	325.4	266.8
1995	68,186.8	17,024.8	30,236.1	1,201.8	11,927.5	3,561.6	2,834.1	825.1	316.5	259.2
1996	67,653.0	16,540.4	30,373.8	1,137.0	11,977.8	3,447.1	2,886.8	755.2	246.7	288.3
1997	69,826.8	16,718.2	31,419.3	1,128.2	12,559.0	3,701.0	2,961.6	821.0	261.1	257.5
1998	72,100.7	17,121.5	31,998.6	1,188.9	13,380.7	3,890.2	3,171.3	603.0	447.5	299.1
1999	75,340.6	18,084.7	31,901.7	1,328.0	14,959.1	3,896.4	3,608.7	913.2	357.5	291.4
2000	75,910.3	18,313.2	29,409.1	1,103.7	16,890.7	4,083.4	4,227.8	1,313.1	225.5	343.9
2001	84,492.5	22,046.7	28,236.7	1,381.7	20,065.1	4,840.0	5,390.0	1,602.8	453.3	476.2
2002	93,708.6	23,357.3	34,569.0	1,364.3	21,620.0	4,663.3	5,781.8	1,489.6	453.7	409.6
2003	103,527.7	25,118.5	40,694.5	1,522.3	23,005.8	4,845.1	5,766.0	1,613.5	404.6	557.3
2004	112,074.5	24,573.1	43,758.7	1,572.1	24,947.0	6,493.9	6,480.5	2,307.6	1,235.7	705.8
2005	118,848.5	25,871.1	48,867.9	1,704.6	25,687.5	6,506.3	6,705.3	2,164.2	689.9	651.7
2006	121,729.9	27,675.4	52,754.0	1,440.7	24,669.7	5,549.7	6,063.3	2,127.8	625.3	824.0
2007	127,262.9	29,932.5	55,342.3	2,691.6	25,547.8	4,171.2	5,984.4	2,520.3	362.0	710.6
2008	127,106.1	29,637.9	56,337.6	4,119.9	26,026.5	1,988.6	5,965.0	2,083.0	389.0	558.6
2009	141,090.1	31,543.9	59,749.3	4,067.1	31,557.8	3,402.7	7,049.7	2,730.7	392.0	596.9
2010	140,354.5	30,911.8	59,867.8	3,946.2	31,192.3	3,370.5	7,245.3	2,784.1	426.7	609.9
2011	135,532.6	35,144.7	53,550.2	4,424.5	27,680.3	3,437.8	6,677.7	2,923.7	716.2	977.5
2012	138,524.6	34,366.1	58,910.1	3,611.7	27,509.5	3,694.2	6,388.1	2,752.2	453.2	839.5
2013	125,720.4	32,963.1	49,538.1	3,796.1	25,772.0	3,711.7	6,249.4	2,571.9	385.6	732.4
2014	130,561.3	34,736.1	50,236.5	4,207.5	27,429.3	3,800.8	6,417.5	2,557.1	446.4	730.1
2015	128,753.3	34,925.1	47,483.2	3,935.8	27,414.7	3,911.7	6,288.3	3,271.4	487.0	1,036.0
2016	115,832.8	32,350.8	35,811.1	4,126.2	28,199.3	4,041.4	6,681.9	3,255.2	542.5	824.3
2017	118,974.8	30,990.2	37,875.4	4,075.8	28,963.2	4,445.3	8,140.6	3,173.0	553.4	757.9
2018	129,424.8	35,953.4	39,753.7	4,062.4	31,534.1	4,895.8	8,450.8	3,497.3	561.9	715.4
2019 (preliminary)	141,500.9	39,565.0	43,577.8	5,457.6	33,359.2	6,130.6	8,880.1	3,283.4	435.4	811.7

NOTES: Because of rounding, detail may not add to total. FFRDC funding over the years may be affected by the creation of new FFRDCs and the phasing out of other FFRDCs as well as changes in the type of FFRDC administrator. For details, see the notes in the Master Government List of Federally Funded R&D Centers at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ffrdclist/#ffrdc. FYs 2009 and 2010 obligations include additional funding provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Beginning with FY 2016, the totals reported for development obligations represent a refinement to this category by more narrowly defining it to be “experimental development.” Most notably, totals for development do not include the Department of Defense (DOD) Budget Activity 7 (Operational Systems Development) obligations. Those funds, previously included in DOD’s development obligation totals, support the development efforts to upgrade systems that have been fielded or have received approval for full rate production and anticipate production funding in the current or subsequent fiscal year. Therefore, the data are not directly comparable with totals reported in previous years. See technical table A-2 for additional notes associated with the agencies listed in this table.