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Table 2. Federal obligations for science and engineering to universities and colleges, by type of activity and agency: FYs 1963–2017

(Dollars in millions)

Type of activity and fiscal year All agencies AID ARC DHS DOC DOD DOEa DOI DOJ DOL DOT ED EPA GSA HHSb HUD NASA NRC NSF OEO SSA USDA
All activities
1963 1,328.5 na na na 1.8 218.0 76.1 3.8 na na na na na na 581.0 na 87.4 na 256.3 na na 104.0
1964 1,528.6 na na na 1.7 258.1 79.9 5.1 na na na na na na 683.8 na 107.6 na 277.5 na na 115.0
1965 1,816.2 na na na 2.6 267.9 84.4 9.6 na na na na na na 856.5 na 134.3 na 325.2 na na 135.6
1966 2,163.5 na na na 2.8 278.0 96.9 19.1 na na na na na na 1,109.2 na 142.2 na 374.5 na na 141.0
1967 2,323.8 na na na 4.4 264.1 109.6 23.9 na na na na na na 1,251.0 na 131.5 na 394.5 na na 144.8
1968 2,349.8 na na na 8.0 243.1 119.7 28.2 na 6.6 3.7 na na na 1,229.4 1.7 129.8 na 422.8 12.5 na 144.2
1969 2,361.4 3.9 na na 2.2 278.7 121.0 24.3 na 9.1 NA na na na 1,261.8 1.1 127.2 na 367.0 9.3 na 155.9
1970 2,187.6 5.5 na na 3.9 265.5 114.5 27.7 na 3.5 10.1 na na na 1,036.7 0.5 131.2 na 387.4 18.9 na 182.1
1971 2,343.1 19.1 na na 7.6 249.0 105.8 22.6 na 5.2 10.8 na 27.2 na 1,142.3 0.7 134.1 na 387.7 16.4 na 214.6
1972 2,599.1 18.7 na na 26.0 243.9 95.4 24.3 na 7.3 15.9 na 23.3 na 1,318.4 1.5 119.0 na 458.7 8.3 na 238.6
1973 2,464.4 10.7 na na 28.4 232.9 96.2 23.7 na 6.3 15.9 na 27.7 na 1,225.0 0.9 111.4 na 419.6 8.7 na 256.8
1974 2,739.0 19.9 na na 29.4 184.4 99.5 23.8 na 7.1 12.8 na 30.9 na 1,517.2 0.6 98.9 na 449.8 4.1 na 260.7
1975 2,809.0 12.4 na na 25.8 190.5 124.3 28.8 na 5.5 20.8 na 38.8 na 1,469.5 2.3 108.0 * 491.5 na na 290.7
1976 2,962.9 13.5 na na 38.2 211.9 144.1 28.2 na 4.5 15.7 na 33.0 na 1,524.2 1.4 118.9 3.2 497.5 na na 328.6
1977 3,358.2 24.4 na na 32.5 267.3 208.1 29.5 na 7.2 10.9 na 46.3 na 1,691.7 4.3 121.4 4.5 567.0 na na 343.2
1978 3,968.6 28.1 na na 35.9 452.3 267.2 42.5 na 12.6 17.5 na 57.4 na 1,904.9 10.5 131.0 8.4 608.5 na na 391.7
1979 4,481.2 28.5 na na 48.0 528.7 273.9 40.1 na 11.1 11.4 0.0 67.0 na 2,220.3 4.0 143.9 6.9 674.7 na na 422.5
1980 4,800.9 38.6 na na 51.6 555.9 309.6 42.4 na 10.3 19.1 48.0 81.5 na 2,287.1 4.3 171.2 7.0 730.4 na na 444.1
1981 5,078.4 31.3 na na 51.8 726.0 310.4 34.2 na 12.9 28.5 56.1 67.6 na 2,372.1 3.0 183.5 7.4 702.0 na na 491.4
1982 5,194.1 50.4 na na 40.7 857.3 288.2 28.3 na 8.4 12.0 35.6 83.8 na 2,343.0 2.6 176.9 5.0 732.2 na na 529.7
1983 5,705.5 43.4 na na 51.0 940.3 320.0 32.0 na 6.4 25.4 34.9 50.3 na 2,612.1 1.5 213.6 4.7 803.9 na na 566.0
1984 6,358.8 56.3 na na 105.8 954.6 349.4 32.2 na 3.1 13.6 43.6 51.9 na 2,945.9 0.2 227.6 4.6 962.4 na na 607.5
1985 7,316.9 57.0 na na 81.2 1,061.1 454.5 33.1 na 3.4 7.6 69.6 65.3 na 3,453.2 0.2 266.5 5.4 1,105.9 na na 653.0
1986 7,491.6 44.3 na na 70.3 1,206.2 424.6 40.9 na 3.7 13.6 74.0 70.8 na 3,547.9 0.1 290.0 3.8 1,080.6 na na 620.9
1987 8,634.6 53.3 na na 88.8 1,278.8 482.0 39.4 na 8.3 15.3 280.8 74.4 na 4,210.6 0.1 327.6 3.9 1,096.5 na na 674.7
1988 9,219.0 48.5 na na 82.2 1,377.6 547.7 41.6 na 8.0 24.2 255.6 66.2 na 4,503.9 0.1 388.2 3.6 1,130.1 na na 741.7
1989 10,200.5 65.3 na na 77.2 1,486.5 610.7 56.2 na 6.5 25.1 269.6 86.3 na 4,935.2 0.0 490.0 4.3 1,365.8 na na 721.7
1990 10,725.1 47.4 na na 117.6 1,342.3 725.8 60.5 na 8.6 42.6 260.1 93.6 16.8 5,222.7 0.1 544.7 4.6 1,475.5 na na 762.1
1991 12,253.1 31.9 na na 123.8 1,540.7 903.1 82.8 na 5.8 44.1 354.1 116.0 11.3 5,848.0 * 643.5 5.4 1,674.6 na na 867.9
1992 13,414.8 27.6 na na 131.4 1,511.9 1,175.3 79.7 na 9.2 58.3 402.3 150.1 4.5 6,310.1 0.2 736.0 5.9 1,863.3 na na 949.1
1993 13,451.6 12.0 na na 109.8 1,835.3 1,233.2 77.7 na 6.6 98.8 156.4 152.8 0.0 6,123.8 0.4 786.9 4.8 1,904.9 na na 948.3
1994 14,006.9 12.8 na na 164.4 1,893.2 637.8 64.3 na 4.8 67.0 170.9 144.8 0.2 7,003.6 0.8 806.5 6.3 2,083.7 na na 945.8
1995 14,596.2 167.6 na na 181.1 1,852.8 640.9 54.5 na 6.0 80.3 187.9 164.8 5.1 7,153.3 1.7 894.8 6.0 2,246.5 na na 953.0
1996 14,583.7 107.7 na na 207.7 1,787.7 658.5 44.7 10.2 5.8 62.2 175.3 103.3 0.1 7,470.5 1.9 826.2 3.8 2,241.6 na 0.7 876.0
1997 15,259.8 26.2 na na 218.9 1,714.9 650.0 58.2 16.9 4.6 75.0 171.2 166.0 * 7,981.5 2.7 889.5 5.1 2,297.7 na 0.4 981.0
1998 16,270.4 33.9 0.3 na 206.6 1,712.4 636.3 65.9 19.9 6.2 75.3 242.6 201.3 0.0 8,698.3 0.7 994.1 5.2 2,498.4 na 5.3 867.9
1999 18,127.9 30.0 0.4 na 306.9 1,805.2 655.1 82.1 22.9 10.6 107.2 326.2 180.6 0.0 9,890.2 1.0 1,100.8 4.5 2,653.0 na 5.0 946.3
2000 19,949.9 33.5 0.4 na 299.9 2,008.7 706.0 87.9 19.4 14.9 126.6 183.3 152.3 0.0 11,374.3 1.6 1,088.1 5.0 2,758.6 na 6.0 1,083.4
2001 22,580.5 31.0 0.4 na 367.1 2,163.6 772.5 99.3 22.0 15.7 160.4 188.3 189.8 0.0 12,897.1 1.7 1,201.6 5.0 3,254.6 na 8.9 1,201.5
2002 24,567.9 34.2 0.2 na 315.0 2,365.4 741.6 95.9 25.0 45.7 134.7 145.7 165.9 0.0 14,575.2 1.0 1,325.9 4.2 3,497.4 na 7.5 1,087.4
2003 26,724.4 26.7 0.3 2.2 390.1 2,533.6 763.2 95.0 38.1 44.3 151.7 229.3 145.9 0.0 15,911.3 1.2 1,337.7 2.8 3,895.7 na 9.1 1,146.3
2004 27,408.1 27.1 0.1 9.8 320.3 2,474.0 807.6 109.1 21.6 32.6 150.0 232.5 136.3 0.0 16,534.0 2.1 1,239.1 4.2 4,146.3 na 5.3 1,156.0
2005 28,165.1 27.4 0.2 40.4 402.1 2,394.2 945.2 71.0 27.0 35.5 140.4 307.8 162.5 0.0 17,256.4 1.1 1,158.1 3.7 3,952.9 na 7.7 1,231.3
2006 28,417.8 27.4 0.1 26.4 545.9 2,579.5 906.4 92.1 22.4 30.0 171.0 250.2 117.2 0.0 17,218.1 0.5 1,003.1 3.8 4,152.4 na 6.4 1,264.8
2007 28,409.1 29.9 0.2 33.2 339.6 2,828.2 834.8 89.1 6.5 31.3 111.5 269.0 93.1 na 17,584.3 0.4 576.6 3.1 4,318.0 na 6.0 1,254.1
2008 28,584.0 25.7 0.2 86.8 325.2 2,835.2 1,115.8 97.8 3.6 0.5 127.2 130.8 78.6 na 17,316.5 0.4 740.0 2.2 4,440.9 na 3.8 1,252.8
2009c 35,873.6 28.3 0.3 89.1 425.0 3,191.9 1,705.3 106.7 0.0 * 187.5 152.8 66.6 na 20,869.8 0.2 788.1 1.3 6,944.8 na 8.4 1,307.4
2010c 35,942.3 15.2 * 88.0 532.7 3,563.0 1,764.7 119.1 7.5 0.0 250.9 323.2 72.5 na 21,473.1 0.4 678.9 6.0 5,642.3 na 14.2 1,390.9
2011 31,759.9 22.4 0.0 84.0 299.5 3,940.1 1,181.8 113.6 8.0 0.0 230.9 228.3 64.3 na 18,265.5 1.6 653.9 4.0 5,206.0 na 4.7 1,451.4
2012 31,216.4 66.4 0.5 69.1 267.0 3,654.4 1,036.8 107.5 31.7 0.0 194.5 175.6 70.7 na 17,997.6 0.3 1,093.8 4.0 5,220.7 na 3.7 1,222.1
2013 29,406.9 89.0 0.0 61.0 270.7 3,384.0 1,079.6 51.5 7.0 0.0 127.8 180.1 48.5 na 16,903.3 4.5 1,005.9 4.6 5,047.7 na 5.3 1,136.5
2014 31,157.4 55.7 0.3 46.4 327.4 3,721.0 1,534.5 80.0 6.9 0.0 169.5 93.0 72.7 na 17,527.9 0.1 1,088.4 5.3 5,112.8 na 3.5 1,312.0
2015 30,561.2 50.0 * 73.2 338.3 3,502.8 1,287.6 79.5 4.2 0.0 144.1 123.8 44.3 na 17,024.5 1.1 1,136.8 4.0 5,314.9 na 5.9 1,426.3
2016 31,646.6 35.5 0.4 46.7 305.9 3,758.2 1,097.0 72.9 2.8 0.0 140.8 94.6 71.5 na 18,198.0 2.5 1,167.3 3.4 5,294.5 na 6.0 1,348.6
2017 32,430.8 49.1 0.2 38.8 408.1 4,170.3 995.1 55.0 1.5 0.0 135.1 84.4 30.8 na 19,051.7 1.2 1,101.8 2.8 5,358.7 na 5.3 941.0
R&D
1963 829.5 na na na 1.5 218.0 68.3 3.8 na na na na na na 332.9 na 59.8 na 104.6 na na 40.6
1964 975.6 na na na 1.1 258.1 70.5 5.0 na na na na na na 399.2 na 78.2 na 115.8 na na 47.5
1965 1,095.0 na na na 2.1 267.9 74.8 9.5 na na na na na na 441.9 na 100.6 na 139.2 na na 59.1
1966 1,252.1 na na na 2.1 278.0 83.2 18.7 na na na na na na 507.3 na 107.4 na 192.5 na na 62.9
1967 1,301.2 na na na 3.4 264.1 89.7 23.9 na na na na na na 577.0 na 109.0 na 170.2 na na 64.0
1968 1,398.3 na na na 6.7 243.1 101.8 27.8 na 6.6 3.7 na na na 619.1 1.0 126.1 na 187.7 12.5 na 62.2
1969 1,474.7 3.9 na na 1.7 278.7 103.1 23.5 na 9.1 NA na na na 667.1 1.0 122.3 na 191.5 9.3 na 63.6
1970 1,446.6 5.5 na na 3.2 265.5 101.4 27.1 na 3.5 10.1 na na na 614.9 0.5 127.4 na 201.2 18.9 na 67.4
1971 1,551.4 17.1 na na 6.9 249.0 95.9 21.3 na 3.3 8.0 na 17.0 na 695.7 0.7 128.5 na 216.9 16.4 na 74.8
1972 1,853.1 13.5 na na 23.6 243.9 86.9 23.0 na 7.3 12.4 na 17.7 na 879.3 1.5 112.4 na 334.7 8.3 na 88.6
1973 1,870.7 8.4 na na 24.9 232.9 85.2 22.2 na 5.0 15.2 na 18.6 na 903.8 0.9 102.6 na 348.5 8.7 na 93.8
1974 2,087.3 18.4 na na 26.6 184.4 94.6 22.2 na 5.6 11.5 na 24.1 na 1,130.8 0.6 92.0 na 376.3 3.4 na 96.7
1975 2,249.3 8.3 na na 22.2 190.5 119.2 27.2 na 4.0 18.1 na 33.8 na 1,207.4 2.3 100.2 0.0 405.6 na na 110.5
1976 2,434.2 10.7 na na 29.0 211.9 138.1 25.7 na 3.0 14.9 na 29.3 na 1,298.3 1.4 106.8 3.2 437.7 na na 124.2
1977 2,808.4 20.2 na na 32.2 267.3 187.2 27.4 na 7.2 9.6 na 45.0 na 1,455.9 4.3 114.1 3.8 492.1 na na 142.2
1978 3,394.5 24.9 na na 35.0 452.3 251.1 34.3 na 12.6 16.4 na 53.8 na 1,661.7 10.5 125.3 8.4 532.9 na na 175.3
1979 3,882.0 28.0 na na 46.5 528.7 256.4 35.3 na 11.1 11.4 0.0 61.2 na 1,970.8 4.0 137.2 6.5 591.0 na na 193.8
1980 4,170.5 38.6 na na 50.4 555.9 279.6 38.8 na 10.3 19.1 48.0 76.9 na 2,031.6 4.3 161.3 6.1 637.9 na na 211.8
1981 4,426.4 31.3 na na 51.1 700.5 281.8 30.2 na 12.9 27.8 56.1 64.3 na 2,121.3 3.0 173.9 7.0 623.7 na na 241.4
1982 4,569.0 50.4 na na 39.9 813.7 265.2 21.5 na 8.4 11.7 35.6 78.1 na 2,120.9 0.5 167.7 5.0 693.9 na na 256.5
1983 5,049.2 43.4 na na 50.1 913.4 296.6 20.8 na 6.4 25.1 34.9 45.3 na 2,370.3 1.1 199.1 4.7 764.1 na na 273.9
1984 5,499.2 56.3 na na 75.6 827.8 318.1 32.2 na 3.1 13.2 43.6 47.3 na 2,693.3 0.2 214.9 4.6 896.0 na na 273.1
1985 6,305.2 57.0 na na 79.7 908.9 375.9 32.9 na 3.4 7.2 69.6 61.9 na 3,111.8 0.2 252.8 4.9 1,038.3 na na 300.7
1986 6,517.3 44.3 na na 68.3 1,055.0 351.0 40.9 na 3.7 13.3 72.2 68.0 na 3,224.1 0.1 273.8 3.8 1,008.6 na na 290.3
1987 7,308.3 53.3 na na 87.6 1,099.1 378.5 39.4 na 8.3 13.2 85.2 67.1 na 3,850.6 0.1 311.4 3.9 1,014.4 na na 296.0
1988 7,801.9 48.5 na na 76.6 1,194.4 419.1 39.1 na 8.0 21.3 69.6 64.1 na 4,146.0 0.1 364.0 3.6 1,026.4 na na 321.3
1989 8,639.1 65.3 na na 69.3 1,220.7 484.9 52.8 na 6.5 21.9 68.6 77.9 na 4,530.8 0.0 463.8 4.3 1,236.2 na na 336.1
1990 9,158.3 47.4 na na 104.4 1,197.0 553.8 57.8 na 8.6 39.2 71.1 87.1 0.0 4,798.8 0.1 504.2 4.6 1,335.1 na na 349.2
1991 10,297.6 31.9 na na 64.3 1,324.4 714.5 70.2 na 5.8 33.9 94.5 104.4 0.0 5,383.7 * 584.3 5.4 1,471.0 na na 409.2
1992 11,128.3 27.6 na na 69.8 1,316.6 726.3 67.6 na 9.0 36.4 104.6 135.4 0.0 5,884.1 0.2 637.9 5.9 1,637.3 na na 469.5
1993 11,252.5 12.0 na na 58.4 1,588.2 709.9 69.8 na 6.2 75.9 94.8 142.7 0.0 5,710.5 0.4 659.2 4.8 1,651.5 na na 468.2
1994 12,028.6 12.8 na na 85.5 1,604.8 604.9 63.8 na 4.5 57.5 49.2 134.7 0.0 6,515.8 0.8 700.9 6.3 1,711.7 na na 475.3
1995 12,317.1 25.4 na na 101.3 1,611.5 606.7 54.0 na 5.9 72.4 67.5 149.0 0.0 6,628.7 1.7 772.1 6.0 1,768.3 na na 446.7
1996 12,480.7 20.0 na na 113.2 1,602.8 635.3 43.4 9.8 5.8 55.8 68.6 89.6 0.0 6,921.1 1.9 739.5 3.8 1,773.9 na 0.7 395.5
1997 13,184.2 11.7 na na 115.2 1,521.6 630.4 57.6 16.9 4.6 71.1 64.2 150.8 0.0 7,385.7 2.7 794.4 5.1 1,865.4 na 0.4 486.4
1998 14,049.9 10.0 0.3 na 102.0 1,548.8 615.2 65.9 19.9 6.2 38.1 98.3 182.9 0.0 8,041.2 0.7 860.8 5.2 2,019.4 na 5.3 429.8
1999 15,654.5 10.7 0.4 na 138.0 1,690.7 636.6 82.1 22.5 9.3 70.9 108.4 164.5 0.0 9,119.0 1.0 967.2 4.5 2,122.0 na 5.0 501.6
2000 17,383.9 15.9 0.4 na 133.4 1,833.6 698.6 87.9 19.2 13.8 66.0 66.9 136.9 0.0 10,513.2 1.6 929.8 5.0 2,289.7 na 6.0 565.9
2001 19,511.9 14.6 0.2 na 153.2 1,959.3 762.3 99.3 21.9 14.7 84.8 71.9 169.5 0.0 11,956.3 1.7 981.6 5.0 2,542.1 na 8.9 664.7
2002 21,344.2 18.9 0.2 na 132.8 2,105.5 733.1 95.9 25.0 45.7 69.1 31.0 145.1 0.0 13,434.2 1.0 1,163.6 4.2 2,727.8 na 7.5 603.8
2003 22,888.6 12.8 0.3 1.8 180.2 2,228.7 756.7 95.0 38.1 44.0 82.7 92.8 134.2 0.0 14,382.2 1.2 1,160.5 2.8 3,015.9 na 4.6 654.1
2004 23,830.4 13.2 0.1 8.4 192.0 2,150.0 802.8 109.1 21.5 32.6 77.5 110.0 127.4 0.0 15,156.1 2.1 1,180.5 4.2 3,171.9 na 3.1 667.7
2005 24,697.1 13.4 0.2 37.3 222.7 2,163.0 941.1 69.3 26.9 35.3 47.1 154.8 149.9 0.0 15,877.8 1.1 1,089.4 3.7 3,132.2 na 6.7 725.0
2006 25,009.8 13.4 0.1 24.2 280.1 2,442.9 905.0 88.4 22.2 30.0 48.4 127.1 106.4 0.0 16,002.3 0.5 1,003.1 3.8 3,164.4 na 4.9 742.8
2007 25,122.2 29.9 0.2 29.7 211.7 2,653.2 832.6 86.1 6.3 31.3 55.8 126.5 87.4 na 16,317.5 0.4 576.6 3.1 3,336.2 na 4.1 733.6
2008 25,609.0 25.7 0.2 85.2 158.0 2,520.1 1,110.3 97.6 3.6 0.5 47.8 92.9 73.5 na 16,381.4 0.4 740.0 2.2 3,550.0 na 2.0 717.5
2009c 32,081.1 28.3 0.3 88.8 177.3 2,969.1 1,691.4 104.7 0.0 * 110.3 97.7 61.5 na 19,807.2 0.2 788.1 1.3 5,423.8 na 6.7 724.3
2010c 30,998.8 15.2 * 87.9 258.2 3,461.2 1,755.4 119.1 7.5 0.0 159.9 262.6 71.6 na 19,307.5 0.4 674.0 6.0 4,037.7 na 11.0 763.7
2011 28,201.6 22.4 0.0 84.0 191.5 3,116.6 1,177.0 113.6 8.0 0.0 124.5 178.2 59.3 na 17,378.8 1.6 653.8 4.0 4,309.8 na 2.6 775.8
2012 27,699.5 66.4 0.5 69.1 160.4 2,771.1 1,028.4 107.1 31.7 0.0 98.5 132.3 65.3 na 17,151.7 0.3 1,093.8 4.0 4,258.6 na 1.3 659.0
2013 26,156.4 89.0 0.0 57.6 177.9 2,508.7 1,072.2 50.8 7.0 0.0 55.5 152.0 42.2 na 16,071.5 4.5 1,005.9 4.6 4,263.4 na 2.1 591.5
2014 27,651.9 55.7 0.3 37.0 214.0 2,787.6 1,384.3 79.4 6.9 0.0 81.2 67.0 68.6 na 16,639.5 0.1 1,088.4 5.3 4,404.3 na 1.9 730.4
2015 27,105.1 50.0 * 63.3 216.2 2,678.8 1,144.7 78.4 4.2 0.0 70.2 107.5 40.3 na 16,165.6 1.1 1,136.8 4.0 4,570.3 na 4.0 769.8
2016 28,531.4 35.5 0.4 46.5 187.0 3,191.0 947.2 72.8 2.8 0.0 76.7 77.2 68.1 na 17,295.4 2.5 1,167.3 3.4 4,568.6 na 3.8 785.2
2017 29,796.4 49.1 0.2 38.7 325.4 3,645.3 846.9 55.0 1.5 0.0 70.1 59.4 28.3 na 18,141.9 1.2 1,101.8 2.8 4,567.3 na 3.4 858.3
R&D plant
1963 105.9 na na na 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.1 na na na na na na 39.2 na 13.4 na 50.6 na na 0.0
1964 100.8 na na na 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 na na na na na na 39.9 na 9.1 na 47.8 na na 0.0
1965 126.2 na na na 0.0 0.0 3.8 * na na na na na na 54.8 na 8.4 na 56.0 na na 3.2
1966 114.8 na na na 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.2 na na na na na na 48.5 na 7.4 na 49.3 na na 2.0
1967 111.3 na na na 0.3 0.0 13.8 0.0 na na na na na na 38.1 na 5.0 na 52.1 na na 2.0
1968 96.1 na na na 0.2 0.0 11.9 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na na na 36.9 0.0 0.0 na 45.3 0.0 na 1.9
1969 54.5 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 11.4 * na 0.0 NA na na na 20.5 0.0 0.0 na 21.4 0.0 na 1.2
1970 44.8 0.0 na na * 0.0 7.1 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na na na 20.0 0.0 0.0 na 16.5 0.0 na 1.1
1971 29.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 15.2 0.0 0.2 na 9.7 0.0 na 0.0
1972 36.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 22.2 0.0 0.6 na 10.0 0.0 na 0.0
1973 43.3 0.0 na na 0.3 0.0 5.6 0.2 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 26.7 0.0 3.0 na 7.4 0.0 na 0.0
1974 29.0 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 14.5 0.0 0.1 na 10.2 0.0 na 0.0
1975 44.8 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 22.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 17.6 na na 0.0
1976 23.9 0.0 na na 1.0 0.0 5.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 11.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 5.9 na na 0.0
1977 37.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 17.5 0.0 na 0.0 0.5 na 0.0 na 12.5 0.0 * 0.0 7.3 na na 0.0
1978 34.3 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 13.4 0.0 na 0.0 * na * na 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 na na 0.0
1979 32.1 0.5 na na 0.0 0.0 9.1 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 7.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 14.7 na na 0.0
1980 37.8 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 20.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 4.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 12.6 na na 0.0
1981 27.7 0.0 na na 0.0 1.1 19.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.9 na na 0.0
1982 31.2 0.0 na na 0.0 0.5 18.8 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 na 5.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 4.9 na na 0.0
1983 37.5 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 17.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 na 1.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 7.7 na na 9.6
1984 50.2 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 29.5 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 na 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 10.1 na na 9.6
1985 113.9 0.0 na na 0.0 * 77.7 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 na 11.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 14.9 na na 9.6
1986 105.9 0.0 na na 1.2 0.0 73.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 na 4.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 16.1 na na 9.1
1987 229.9 0.0 na na 0.1 0.0 102.9 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 49.2 0.0 na 4.2 0.0 0.6 0.0 7.4 na na 65.4
1988 203.0 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 127.7 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 5.4 na na 68.0
1989 246.3 0.0 na na 1.2 57.9 124.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 na 22.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 6.7 na na 31.1
1990 254.3 0.0 na na 0.1 0.0 169.9 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 13.7 0.0 1.3 0.0 7.5 na na 45.1
1991 303.8 0.0 na na 0.3 14.7 181.8 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 11.3 25.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 8.8 na na 58.3
1992 585.0 0.0 na na 0.2 0.0 439.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 4.5 17.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 63.8 na na 58.3
1993 648.8 0.0 na na 0.4 0.0 509.4 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 0.0 9.9 0.0 63.3 na na 55.1
1994 225.8 0.0 na na 0.3 0.3 24.8 0.1 na 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 16.3 0.0 20.0 0.0 122.9 na na 38.9
1995 341.3 0.0 na na 2.0 5.8 15.5 0.0 na 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 5.1 12.3 0.0 15.8 0.0 216.8 na na 66.9
1996 248.3 0.0 na na 0.0 2.3 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 17.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 159.7 na 0.0 51.0
1997 276.5 0.0 na na 3.7 12.3 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 * 39.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 146.8 na 0.0 59.2
1998 160.3 0.0 0.0 na 2.6 0.4 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 123.8 na 0.0 0.0
1999 159.9 0.0 0.0 na 3.3 * 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.8 0.0 4.1 0.0 110.0 na 0.0 0.0
2000 219.2 0.0 0.0 na 0.8 0.0 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 75.0 0.0 14.3 0.0 120.0 na 0.0 0.1
2001 367.4 0.0 0.0 na 12.6 0.0 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.8 0.0 66.9 0.0 200.5 na 0.0 0.0
2002 249.2 0.0 0.0 na 1.5 0.3 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 99.5 0.0 3.2 0.0 134.4 na 0.0 0.0
2003 706.8 0.0 0.0 0.3 9.2 0.1 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 479.0 0.0 20.6 0.0 190.1 na 0.0 0.1
2004 435.1 0.0 0.0 1.3 25.9 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 117.3 0.0 58.6 0.0 226.2 na 0.0 0.0
2005 511.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 46.8 0.2 4.1 * 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 187.8 0.0 68.6 0.0 199.7 na 0.0 0.0
2006 397.5 0.0 0.0 2.2 52.9 1.2 1.3 2.5 0.2 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 294.9 na 0.0 0.0
2007 337.9 0.0 0.0 3.6 46.3 * 2.1 1.3 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 na 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 259.5 na 0.0 0.0
2008 277.3 0.0 0.0 1.7 47.7 0.8 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 na 41.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 177.9 na 0.0 *
2009c 805.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 51.4 0.0 13.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 na 97.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 640.2 na 0.0 0.0
2010c 1,830.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.6 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 na 890.4 0.0 4.9 0.0 894.0 na 0.0 *
2011 330.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 na 18.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 275.4 na 0.0 0.0
2012 437.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 na 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 404.2 na 0.0 *
2013 272.9 0.0 0.0 3.4 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 na 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 250.2 na 0.0 0.5
2014 400.1 0.0 0.0 9.4 21.5 0.0 55.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 na 67.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 245.8 na 0.0 0.0
2015 370.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.0 0.0 91.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 na 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 250.4 na 0.0 0.0
2016 370.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.4 0.0 107.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 na 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 238.8 na 0.0 0.0
2017 431.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 na 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 326.1 na 0.0 0.0
Facilities for instruction in S&E
1971d 28.7 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.1 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 13.9 0.0 0.0 na 12.1 0.0 na 0.3
1972 26.3 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 20.9 0.0 0.0 na 3.0 0.0 na 0.5
1973 13.4 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.1 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 9.4 0.0 0.0 na 1.6 0.0 na 0.0
1974 3.5 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 * na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 0.4 0.0 0.0 na 3.1 0.0 na 0.0
1975 5.0 0.0 na na 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 * na na 0.0
1976 3.2 0.0 na na 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 na na 0.0
1977 3.3 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 na na 0.0
1978 4.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 1.3 * na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 na na 0.0
1979 6.7 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 na na 0.0
1980 3.8 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 na na 0.0
1981 4.6 0.0 na na 0.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 * na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 na na 0.0
1982 0.8 0.0 na na 0.0 * 0.8 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0
1983 2.5 0.0 na na 0.0 * 2.3 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0
1984 1.9 0.0 na na 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0
1985 4.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.8 na na 0.0
1986 5.0 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 na na 0.0
1987 13.7 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 na na 0.0
1988 13.3 0.0 na na 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 na na 0.0
1989 16.9 0.0 na na 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.3 na na 0.0
1990 19.2 0.0 na na 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.7 na na 0.0
1991 32.8 0.0 na na 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.8 na na 0.0
1992 39.0 0.0 na na 7.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 na 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 na na 0.5
1993 33.2 0.0 na na 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 na na 0.9
1994 48.7 0.0 na na 3.3 21.8 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.2 na na 0.6
1995 51.6 0.0 na na 3.3 29.8 0.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.7 na na 0.6
1996 49.0 0.2 na na 11.0 18.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 na 0.0 0.8
1997 29.9 0.0 na na 1.0 11.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 na 0.0 0.6
1998 22.8 0.0 0.0 na 8.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.2 na 0.0 0.3
1999 47.0 0.0 0.0 na 13.2 18.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.6 na 0.0 0.7
2000 59.7 0.0 0.0 na 21.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1 na 0.0 0.7
2001 67.4 0.0 0.0 na 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 14.9 na 0.0 0.8
2002 109.7 0.0 0.0 na 27.8 15.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.4 na 0.0 0.5
2003 86.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 16.2 na 0.0 1.0
2004 82.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 16.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 na 0.0 0.7
2005 40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 na 0.0 0.8
2006 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.4
2007 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 9.6 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 1.5
2008 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.9
2009c 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.8
2010c 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 na 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.6
2011 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.2
2012 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.1
2013 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 na 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0
2014 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 na 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0
2015 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 na 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0
2016 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.2
2017 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0
Fellowships, traineeships, and training grants
1966d 365.6 na na na 0.0 NA 3.2 0.0 na na na na na na 289.9 na 25.0 na 47.5 na na 0.0
1967 447.2 na na na 0.0 NA 3.7 0.0 na na na na na na 379.2 na 15.0 na 49.4 na na 0.0
1968 440.9 na na na 0.0 NA 3.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na na na 387.0 0.0 0.9 na 49.4 0.0 na 0.0
1969 436.3 0.0 na na 0.0 NA 5.5 0.0 na 0.0 NA na na na 375.7 0.0 1.3 na 53.8 0.0 na 0.0
1970 429.4 0.0 na na 0.0 NA 5.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na na na 369.6 0.0 2.1 na 52.7 0.0 na 0.0
1971 421.0 0.0 na na * 0.0 2.6 * na 0.6 2.8 na 10.1 na 361.4 0.0 1.0 na 42.3 0.0 na 0.0
1972 387.9 0.0 na na 0.4 0.0 2.0 0.0 na 0.0 3.5 na 5.6 na 346.6 0.0 1.1 na 28.8 0.0 na 0.0
1973 287.2 0.0 na na 0.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 na 0.0 0.7 na 9.2 na 256.8 0.0 1.3 na 16.4 0.0 na 0.0
1974 326.6 0.0 na na * 0.0 0.5 0.0 na 0.0 1.3 na 6.8 na 301.5 0.0 1.2 na 14.4 0.7 na 0.0
1975 201.3 0.0 na na * 0.0 0.7 0.0 na 0.0 2.7 na 5.0 na 181.7 0.0 1.3 0.0 9.7 na na 0.0
1976 174.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 na 0.0 0.8 na 3.6 na 155.6 0.0 1.3 * 13.4 na na 0.0
1977 184.7 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.8 na 1.3 na 165.9 0.0 1.4 0.1 14.8 na na 0.0
1978 205.9 0.6 na na 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.2 na 0.0 0.6 na 3.6 na 184.2 0.0 1.3 * 11.7 na na 0.0
1979 204.9 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.3 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 na 182.3 0.0 1.8 0.0 14.1 na na 0.0
1980 210.1 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 na 187.6 0.0 2.8 0.0 13.8 na na 0.0
1981 205.4 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 na 183.5 0.0 3.7 0.1 14.8 na na 0.0
1982 176.6 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 na 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.5 na 151.9 0.0 4.2 0.0 17.5 na na 0.0
1983 189.6 0.0 na na 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.3 0.0 2.6 na 164.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 16.2 na na 0.2
1984 194.9 0.0 na na 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.8 na 164.6 0.0 5.3 0.0 21.7 na na 0.2
1985 253.1 0.0 na na 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.0 na 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.1 na 210.9 0.0 5.6 0.0 25.8 na na 7.0
1986 246.2 0.0 na na 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.2 0.0 2.8 na 204.3 0.0 7.9 0.0 25.2 na na 4.7
1987 290.9 0.0 na na 0.6 2.3 0.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.2 11.8 1.8 na 232.5 0.0 8.7 0.0 27.7 na na 4.7
1988 309.3 0.0 na na 2.6 1.5 0.7 0.0 na * 0.0 13.5 2.0 na 239.3 0.0 15.8 0.0 29.2 na na 4.6
1989 340.5 0.0 na na 1.2 0.1 0.9 0.0 na * 0.2 22.9 8.3 na 256.2 0.0 13.0 0.0 33.0 na na 4.6
1990 393.8 0.0 na na 0.7 0.1 1.6 * na 0.0 0.1 28.5 3.5 0.0 288.9 0.0 21.7 0.0 41.0 na na 7.8
1991 469.2 0.0 na na 3.8 1.3 6.7 0.0 na 0.0 0.6 53.9 8.0 0.0 313.2 0.0 36.3 0.0 34.5 na na 10.9
1992 511.1 0.0 na na 3.9 2.7 8.1 0.0 na 0.1 3.0 63.8 10.6 0.0 320.3 0.0 40.4 0.0 46.1 na na 11.9
1993 526.3 0.0 na na 2.1 2.2 13.8 0.0 na 0.4 5.9 57.7 8.1 0.0 335.4 0.0 42.1 0.0 47.8 na na 10.8
1994 633.2 0.0 na na 4.7 25.9 1.9 * na 0.3 3.7 99.0 9.2 0.0 387.7 0.0 43.9 0.0 46.1 na na 10.8
1995 674.4 2.8 na na 3.8 4.4 2.9 0.2 na 0.0 5.3 96.4 15.8 0.0 418.2 0.0 57.4 0.0 51.5 na na 15.7
1996 636.1 0.3 na na 4.8 7.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.0 3.8 80.7 13.7 0.0 421.7 0.0 37.7 0.0 49.6 na 0.0 15.0
1997 676.4 0.0 na na 6.0 8.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 81.0 15.2 0.0 449.9 0.0 41.6 0.0 51.2 na 0.0 21.0
1998 757.2 0.0 0.0 na 3.1 8.1 * * 0.0 0.0 3.4 112.0 18.3 0.0 491.3 0.0 39.2 0.0 61.1 na 0.0 20.6
1999 843.6 0.0 0.0 na 10.5 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3 2.5 114.2 16.0 0.0 559.2 0.0 38.4 0.0 70.2 na 0.0 16.7
2000 782.7 0.0 0.0 na 9.9 18.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 3.0 34.4 15.4 0.0 569.8 0.0 31.5 0.0 58.5 na 0.0 40.8
2001 842.4 0.0 0.2 na 10.9 12.7 * 0.0 0.1 1.0 3.4 33.4 20.2 0.0 650.0 * 36.6 0.0 20.1 na 0.0 53.6
2002 936.8 0.0 0.1 na 13.1 15.0 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 3.9 37.1 20.8 0.0 700.1 0.0 36.1 0.0 80.7 na 0.0 30.0
2003 949.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 9.2 25.2 0.0 0.0 * 0.2 3.8 62.2 11.7 0.0 733.7 0.0 39.6 0.0 35.2 na 0.0 29.2
2004 1,046.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 * 4.4 57.9 8.9 0.0 886.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.6 na 0.0 32.9
2005 1,043.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.9 70.1 12.6 0.0 856.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.3 na 0.0 42.5
2006 1,035.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 70.2 10.8 0.0 836.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.7 na 0.4 41.7
2007 1,100.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 92.6 5.7 na 811.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 131.0 na 0.7 42.4
2008 917.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 26.3 5.1 na 766.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.9 na 0.7 50.0
2009c 968.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 6.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 37.4 5.1 na 815.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.3 na 0.7 37.6
2010c 1,136.6 0.0 0.0 * 18.3 0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 40.2 0.9 na 952.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.7 na 0.4 61.9
2011 1,015.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 2.7 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.9 34.6 5.0 na 778.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.4 na 0.7 101.6
2012 914.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.1 * 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.7 29.0 5.4 na 758.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.8 na 1.0 55.5
2013 893.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 * 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 16.9 6.3 na 736.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.2 na 0.4 73.6
2014 1,340.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 0.5 94.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 15.7 4.1 na 731.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 398.6 na 0.4 63.2
2015 1,346.5 0.0 0.0 9.1 19.9 0.0 50.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 14.9 4.0 na 763.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 408.2 na 0.3 69.1
2016 1,374.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 28.4 0.0 42.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 16.0 3.4 na 815.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 397.0 na 0.7 62.9
2017 1,371.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.9 0.0 48.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.2 16.1 2.5 na 834.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 391.2 na 0.4 66.2
General support for S&E
1971d 99.7 0.0 na na 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 na 1.2 0.0 na 0.0 na 40.2 0.0 0.0 na 56.9 0.0 na 0.0
1972 83.3 5.2 na na 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 40.7 0.0 0.0 na 34.7 0.0 na 0.0
1973 39.0 2.3 na na 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 na 0.9 0.0 na 0.0 na 20.2 0.0 0.0 na 14.2 0.0 na 0.0
1974 87.0 1.5 na na 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.6 na 1.4 0.0 na 0.0 na 64.2 0.0 0.0 na 17.8 0.0 na 0.0
1975 46.4 4.2 na na 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 na 1.5 0.0 na 0.0 na 37.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na na 0.0
1976 74.5 2.8 na na 4.4 0.0 0.0 2.4 na 1.5 0.0 na 0.0 na 41.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.6 na na 0.0
1977 75.9 4.1 na na 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.8 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 42.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 24.8 na na 0.0
1978 74.4 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 0.3 5.0 na 0.0 0.3 na 0.0 na 45.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.8 na na 0.0
1979 92.5 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 * 4.4 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 na 52.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.4 na na 4.7
1980 91.5 0.0 na na 0.0 0.0 5.6 2.3 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 60.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 23.2 na na 0.0
1981 92.7 0.0 na na 0.0 7.1 0.0 3.1 na 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.9 na 60.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.0 na na 0.0
1982 80.1 0.0 na na 0.0 4.8 * 6.8 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 na 61.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 na na 0.0
1983 94.8 0.0 na na 0.0 3.2 3.7 11.2 na 0.0 0.0 * 1.6 na 73.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.2 na na 0.0
1984 112.6 0.0 na na 20.3 3.7 0.6 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 na 83.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 na na 0.0
1985 119.2 0.0 na na * 1.8 0.4 0.3 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 na 112.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 na na 0.0
1986 111.1 0.0 na na * 2.1 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 106.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 na na 0.0
1987 236.9 0.0 na na 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 108.1 4.3 na 113.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 na na 0.0
1988 171.8 0.0 na na 0.0 2.5 0.2 2.1 na 0.0 0.0 54.8 0.0 na 109.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 na na 0.0
1989 197.7 0.0 na na 0.0 1.8 0.0 3.3 na 0.0 0.0 80.2 0.0 na 109.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 na na 0.0
1990 143.9 0.0 na na 1.0 0.0 0.5 2.7 na 0.0 0.0 30.1 3.1 0.0 102.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 na na 0.0
1991 192.5 0.0 na na 29.2 0.0 0.2 12.5 na 0.0 0.0 32.1 3.5 0.0 108.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 na na 0.0
1992 159.9 0.0 na na 27.9 0.0 0.0 12.1 na 0.0 1.5 36.5 4.0 0.0 69.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 na na 0.9
1993 66.8 0.0 na na 15.0 * 0.0 7.8 na 0.0 0.8 4.0 1.9 0.0 26.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 na na 0.8
1994 136.6 0.0 na na 43.1 2.8 6.1 0.2 na 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.9 0.0 63.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 na na 0.3
1995 263.1 107.3 na na 54.7 5.7 15.5 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.0 58.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.9 na na 0.0
1996 217.8 57.1 na na 63.1 1.3 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 71.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.3 na 0.0 0.1
1997 169.5 10.0 na na 61.9 1.2 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 76.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 na 0.0 5.6
1998 237.9 21.7 0.0 na 53.4 1.5 8.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.5 4.7 0.0 0.0 108.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 na 0.0 7.2
1999 313.3 17.5 0.0 na 93.5 0.1 8.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.2 7.3 0.0 0.0 138.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 na 0.0 3.7
2000 313.3 15.6 0.0 na 81.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 33.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 171.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 na 0.0 9.1
2001 330.8 14.5 0.0 na 75.8 1.8 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 194.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 na 0.0 5.0
2002 431.6 14.2 0.0 na 77.9 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 289.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 na 0.0 3.2
2003 428.7 13.7 0.0 0.0 105.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 36.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 262.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 na 0.0 2.8
2004 420.5 13.7 0.0 0.0 29.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 42.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 325.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 na 0.0 0.4
2005 388.0 13.9 0.0 0.0 32.1 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 42.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 289.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 na 0.0 1.0
2006 321.8 13.9 0.0 0.0 44.4 0.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 60.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 191.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.5 na 1.1 0.4
2007 220.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.4 0.9 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 na 166.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 na 1.3 0.0
2008 303.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 153.6 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 116.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.5 na 1.1 0.0
2009c 244.8 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 67.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 145.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.6 na 1.0 0.0
2010c 361.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 na 311.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.7 na 2.7 0.0
2011 208.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.9 0.0 0.0 na 86.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.1 na 1.4 *
2012 142.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.9 0.0 0.0 na 75.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.7 na 1.3 0.0
2013 132.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 na 81.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.1 na 1.2 0.3
2014 138.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 na 83.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.4 na 1.3 1.9
2015 138.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 na 82.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.2 na 1.5 1.2
2016 128.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 na 74.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.8 na 1.5 1.6
2017 96.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 na 68.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 na 1.4 5.0
Other S&E activitiese
1963 393.1 na na na 0.3 0.0 5.3 * na na na na na na 208.9 na 14.1 na 101.1 na na 63.4
1964 452.2 na na na 0.6 0.0 5.4 * na na na na na na 244.6 na 20.2 na 113.9 na na 67.5
1965 595.0 na na na 0.6 0.0 5.9 * na na na na na na 359.8 na 25.4 na 130.1 na na 73.3
1966 431.0 na na na 0.7 0.0 3.1 0.2 na na na na na na 263.4 na 2.3 na 85.2 na na 76.1
1967 464.0 na na na 0.7 0.0 2.5 * na na na na na na 256.7 na 2.4 na 122.8 na na 78.8
1968 414.5 na na na 1.0 0.0 2.5 0.4 na 0.0 * na na na 186.4 0.7 2.8 na 140.5 0.0 na 80.1
1969 395.9 0.0 na na 0.5 * 1.0 0.9 na 0.0 NA na na na 198.4 0.1 3.7 na 100.2 0.0 na 91.1
1970 266.8 0.0 na na 0.7 * 1.0 0.6 na 0.0 0.0 na na na 32.2 0.0 1.7 na 117.0 0.0 na 113.5
1971 212.4 2.0 na na 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 na 0.1 0.0 na 0.0 na 15.9 0.0 4.2 na 49.9 0.0 na 139.5
1972 211.6 0.0 na na 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 8.6 0.0 4.9 na 47.5 0.0 na 149.5
1973 210.8 0.0 na na 2.7 0.0 0.8 0.0 na 0.4 0.0 na 0.0 na 8.0 0.0 4.5 na 31.4 0.0 na 163.0
1974 205.7 0.0 na na 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 5.7 0.0 5.7 na 27.9 0.0 na 164.0
1975 262.3 0.0 na na 1.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 na * 0.0 na 0.0 na 15.3 0.0 6.4 * 58.6 na na 180.2
1976 252.2 0.0 na na 3.6 0.0 0.3 0.1 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 17.1 0.0 10.7 0.0 16.0 na na 204.4
1977 248.0 0.0 na na 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.3 na 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 na 15.4 0.0 5.9 0.0 24.9 na na 201.0
1978 254.5 2.6 na na 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.0 na 0.0 0.2 na 0.0 na 4.1 0.0 4.4 0.0 25.6 na na 216.4
1979 263.0 0.0 na na 1.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 na 6.9 0.0 4.7 0.4 22.4 na na 224.0
1980 287.2 0.0 na na 1.2 0.0 2.8 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 na 3.4 0.0 6.9 0.5 40.2 na na 232.3
1981 321.5 0.0 na na 0.7 17.1 7.9 * na 0.0 * 0.0 * na 5.3 0.0 5.7 0.4 34.4 na na 250.0
1982 336.4 0.0 na na 0.8 38.2 3.1 0.0 na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 na 3.6 * 4.8 0.0 12.4 na na 273.2
1983 331.8 0.0 na na 0.6 22.9 * * na 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 na 2.8 0.1 7.8 0.0 14.8 na na 282.3
1984 500.1 0.0 na na 8.2 122.8 0.7 0.0 na * 0.0 0.0 * na 3.5 0.0 7.1 0.0 33.0 na na 324.7
1985 520.5 0.0 na na 1.4 149.5 0.1 0.0 na * * 0.0 0.0 na 6.5 0.0 7.9 0.3 19.0 na na 335.7
1986 506.0 0.0 na na 0.8 148.5 * 0.0 na 0.0 * 0.0 0.0 na 9.1 0.0 7.9 0.0 22.9 na na 316.8
1987 554.8 0.0 na na 0.6 171.4 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 1.8 21.4 1.1 na 10.3 0.0 6.9 0.0 32.7 na na 308.6
1988 719.6 0.0 na na 0.5 179.3 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 2.9 116.4 0.0 na 9.6 0.0 7.8 0.0 55.3 na na 347.9
1989 759.9 0.0 na na 3.8 206.1 0.1 0.0 na 0.0 3.1 96.6 0.0 na 16.5 0.0 12.0 0.0 71.8 na na 349.9
1990 755.5 0.0 na na 6.8 145.2 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 3.3 130.4 0.0 0.0 19.2 0.0 17.5 0.0 73.0 na na 360.0
1991 957.1 0.0 na na 21.5 200.2 0.0 0.1 na 0.0 3.5 171.6 0.1 0.0 16.6 0.0 22.1 0.0 132.1 na na 389.4
1992 991.5 0.0 na na 22.6 192.6 0.0 0.0 na 0.0 8.3 197.0 0.1 0.0 19.2 0.0 56.5 0.0 87.2 na na 408.0
1993 923.8 0.0 na na 29.9 244.9 0.0 0.0 na * 9.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 40.5 0.0 75.7 0.0 111.2 na na 412.6
1994 934.0 0.0 na na 27.3 237.5 0.0 0.2 na * 1.0 15.3 0.0 0.0 20.2 0.0 41.7 0.0 170.8 na na 419.9
1995 948.8 32.1 na na 16.1 195.6 0.0 0.3 na 0.0 1.5 17.9 0.0 0.0 35.3 0.0 49.5 0.0 177.3 na na 423.2
1996 951.7 30.2 na na 15.7 155.2 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.4 20.1 0.0 0.0 39.0 0.0 49.0 0.0 226.7 na 0.0 413.6
1997 923.3 4.5 na na 31.1 159.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 19.5 0.0 0.0 31.1 0.0 52.8 0.0 215.7 na 0.0 408.3
1998 1,042.4 2.2 0.0 na 36.7 153.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 27.6 0.0 0.0 36.4 0.0 94.1 0.0 279.6 na 0.0 410.0
1999 1,109.6 1.8 0.0 na 48.5 82.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 96.3 0.0 0.0 41.5 0.0 91.1 0.0 324.3 na 0.0 423.6
2000 1,191.1 2.1 0.0 na 52.9 156.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.0 0.0 0.0 44.8 0.0 112.5 0.0 273.5 na 0.0 466.7
2001 1,460.6 1.9 0.0 na 98.1 189.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.0 0.0 0.0 21.5 0.0 116.1 0.0 472.7 na 0.0 477.4
2002 1,496.4 1.2 0.0 na 61.9 224.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 77.6 0.0 0.0 28.2 0.0 123.0 0.0 529.8 na 0.0 449.9
2003 1,664.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 79.3 269.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 * 0.0 74.3 0.0 0.0 27.8 0.0 116.8 0.0 632.3 na 4.5 459.1
2004 1,592.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 56.2 298.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.5 0.0 0.0 29.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 687.4 na 2.2 454.3
2005 1,485.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 88.3 215.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 25.3 82.9 0.0 0.0 45.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565.3 na 1.0 462.0
2006 1,636.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 154.1 111.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 * 49.3 53.0 0.0 0.0 147.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 641.9 na 0.0 479.6
2007 1,613.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 44.2 161.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 * 47.3 50.0 0.0 na 265.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 568.5 na 0.0 476.6
2008 1,473.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105.7 155.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 68.1 11.6 0.0 na 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 637.5 na 0.0 484.4
2009c 1,769.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 189.5 148.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 65.2 17.6 0.0 na 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 798.9 na 0.0 544.6
2010c 1,609.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220.5 101.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.6 20.4 0.0 na 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 626.2 na 0.0 564.7
2011 2,000.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 57.0 756.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.3 15.4 0.0 na 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 538.2 na 0.0 573.8
2012 2,019.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 62.6 862.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.3 14.2 0.0 na 6.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 499.5 na 0.0 507.5
2013 1,947.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 64.4 863.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.8 11.2 0.0 na 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 474.9 na 1.5 470.5
2014 1,615.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.9 919.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.8 10.3 0.0 na 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.7 na 0.0 516.4
2015 1,596.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.2 812.6 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 58.4 1.4 0.0 na 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.7 na 0.1 586.2
2016 1,238.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.2 551.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 52.9 1.3 0.0 na 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.2 na * 498.7
2017 731.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.8 504.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.3 8.9 0.0 na 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.6 na * 11.5
* = amount > $0 but < $50,000. na = not applicable; agency did not exist as such or data were not collected at this level of detail. NA = not available; data were not provided by agency.
AID = Agency for International Development; ARC = Appalachian Regional Commission; DHS = Department of Homeland Security; DOC = Department of Commerce; DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; DOI = Department of the Interior; DOJ = Department of Justice; DOL = Department of Labor; DOT = Department of Transportation; ED = Department of Education; EPA = Environmental Protection Agency; GSA = General Services Administration; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; HUD = Department of Housing and Urban Development; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission; NSF = National Science Foundation; OEO = Office of Economic Opportunity; S&E = science and engineering; SSA = Social Security Administration; USDA = Department of Agriculture.
a Data shown for FYs 1963–74 and FYs 1975–77 represent obligations of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Energy Research Development Commission, respectively.
b Data shown for FYs 1963–79 represent obligations of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Also, HHS's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data were excluded for FYs 2009 and 2010 due to their poor quality.
c Includes American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 obligations.
d Data collected before this year are not separately identified but are included under Other S&E activities.
e Other S&E activities include data collected on Fellowships, traineeships, and training grants before FY 1966, Facilities for instruction in S&E before 1971, and General support for S&E before FY 1971.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. The Department of the Interior's National Park Service submitted its data for FY 2016 after the close of the FY 2016 data collection cycle. As of FY 2017, four nonprofit consortia were reclassified as academic consortia, three nonprofit institutions were reclassified as academic consortia, and one nonprofit institution was reclassified as an academic institution. All changes were applied retroactively. As a result of those changes, data were revised, replacing previously published data. See the FY 2017 Technical Notes for full details. Some trend shifts are also related to institutional reclassification. For example, beginning in FY 1978, two laboratories that were formerly considered academically administered federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) became part of their respective institutions: the Applied Physics Laboratory (Johns Hopkins University) and the Applied Research Laboratory (Pennsylvania State University). Data for these laboratories are included in academic figures beginning in FY 1978. Similarly, Draper Laboratories separated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as of FY 1974 to become an independent nonprofit institution; data for this laboratory are included in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's figures prior to FY 1974.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions.