NCSES GSS 2012 GSS2012 38

Table 38. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, sex, and citizenship: 2012

		Sex		Citizenship
Field	Postdoctoral appointees	Male	Female	U.S. citizens and permanent residents	Temporary visa holders
All surveyed fields	62,851	38,166	24,685	29,864	32,987
Science and engineering	43,841	28,176	15,665	20,214	23,627
Science	36,738	22,662	14,076	17,476	19,262
Agricultural sciences	1,290	777	513	715	575
Biological sciences	20,086	11,299	8,787	9,194	10,892
Anatomy	287	148	139	129	158
Biochemistry	2,232	1,375	857	918	1,314
Biology	2,268	1,273	995	1,130	1,138
Biometry and epidemiology	536	289	247	286	250
Biophysics	185	120	65	71	114
Botany	596	357	239	346	250
Cell biology	2,574	1,447	1,127	1,188	1,386
Ecology	205	108	97	144	61
Entomology and parasitology	266	144	122	149	117
Genetics	1,407	815	592	666	741
Microbiology, immunology, and virology	2,437	1,293	1,144	1,137	1,300
Nutrition	224	76	148	135	89
Pathology	1,582	863	719	626	956
Pharmacology	1,383	780	603	643	740
Physiology	1,399	784	615	638	761
Zoology	87	51	36	75	12
Biological sciences nec	2,418	1,376	1,042	913	1,505
Communication^a	58	37	21	32	26
Computer sciences	760	605	155	297	463
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences	1,956	1,212	744	1,069	887
Atmospheric sciences	209	138	71	88	121
Geosciences	637	411	226	283	354
Oceanography	446	243	203	266	180
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec	664	420	244	432	232
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences^a	58	14	44	43	15
Mathematical sciences	902	709	193	456	446
Mathematics and applied mathematics	782	620	162	406	376
Statistics	120	89	31	50	70
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies^a	742	479	263	427	315
Neuroscience^a	1,525	864	661	737	788
Physical sciences	7,430	5,769	1,661	3,109	4,321
Astronomy	509	361	148	272	237
Chemistry	4,016	3,050	966	1,520	2,496
Physics	2,651	2,163	488	1,176	1,475
Physical sciences nec	254	195	59	141	113
Psychology	1,132	490	642	843	289
Clinical psychology	104	32	72	93	11
Psychology, general	613	282	331	430	183
Psychology nec	415	176	239	320	95
Social sciences	799	407	392	554	245
Agricultural economics	60	37	23	42	18
Anthropology (cultural and social)	96	43	53	75	21
Economics (except agricultural)	50	35	15	20	30
Geography	69	42	27	39	30
History and philosophy of science	14	8	6	6	8
Linguistics	31	14	17	21	10
Political science	176	101	75	118	58
Sociology	97	35	62	70	27
Sociology and anthropology	2	1	1	2	0
Social sciences nec	204	91	113	161	43
Engineering	7,103	5,514	1,589	2,738	4,365
Aerospace engineering	170	139	31	64	106
Agricultural engineering	133	90	43	46	87
Architecture^a	6	3	3	3	3
Biomedical engineering	1,161	773	388	531	630
Chemical engineering	1,098	830	268	388	710
Civil engineering^a	590	441	149	236	354
Electrical engineering	1,152	967	185	450	702
Engineering science	292	233	59	113	179
Industrial engineering	127	100	27	64	63
Mechanical engineering	985	835	150	338	647
Metallurgical and materials engineering	854	682	172	290	564
Mining engineering	5	4	1	2	3
Nuclear engineering	120	108	12	49	71
Petroleum engineering	53	39	14	8	45
Engineering nec	357	270	87	156	201
Health	19,010	9,990	9,020	9,650	9,360
Clinical medicine	16,361	8,601	7,760	8,249	8,112
Anesthesiology	436	255	181	193	243
Cardiology	787	471	316	381	406
Endocrinology	473	215	258	224	249
Gastroenterology	319	166	153	138	181
Hematology	367	192	175	165	202
Neurology^a	952	501	451	425	527
Obstetrics and gynecology	307	108	199	159	148
Oncology and cancer research	1,923	1,054	869	790	1,133
Ophthalmology	518	277	241	214	304
Otorhinolaryngology	144	84	60	65	79
Pediatrics	1,583	705	878	958	625
Preventive medicine and community health	730	310	420	484	246
Psychiatry	1,089	405	684	764	325
Pulmonary disease	279	150	129	162	117
Radiology	979	651	328	373	606
Surgery	1,373	844	529	606	767
Clinical medicine nec	4,102	2,213	1,889	2,148	1,954
Other health	2,649	1,389	1,260	1,401	1,248
Dental sciences	343	188	155	145	198
Nursing	76	10	66	64	12
Pharmaceutical sciences	982	622	360	443	539
Speech pathology and audiology	59	21	38	47	12
Veterinary sciences	534	223	311	363	171
Other health nec	655	325	330	339	316

nec = not elsewhere classified.

^a In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. “2007new” presents data as collected in 2007; “2007old” shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. The science fields Communication and Family and consumer sciences and human sciences were newly eligible in 2007; data for these two fields begin in 2007new. The science field Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies was also added to the code list in 2007; some data reported in this field were reported under other fields before 2007 and are included in those fields in 2007old. Neuroscience is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field Neurology in 2007old and previous years. Architecture is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under Civil engineering in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.

NOTES: “Field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the GSS.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2012.

Data from survey cycle Fall 2012, as of December 2013.