Table 42. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2012 |
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not Hispanic or Latino | ||||||||||
Field | Total | Hispanic or Latino |
American Indian or Alaska Native |
Asian | Black or African American |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
White | More than one race |
Unknown ethnicity and race |
Temporary visa holders |
All surveyed fields | 62,851 | 1,351 | 85 | 5,367 | 1,104 | 99 | 17,280 | 186 | 4,392 | 32,987 |
Science and engineering | 43,841 | 862 | 51 | 3,330 | 615 | 63 | 11,835 | 112 | 3,346 | 23,627 |
Science | 36,738 | 750 | 48 | 2,736 | 544 | 61 | 10,510 | 96 | 2,731 | 19,262 |
Agricultural sciences | 1,290 | 31 | 2 | 121 | 21 | 4 | 426 | 4 | 106 | 575 |
Biological sciences | 20,086 | 413 | 23 | 1,664 | 315 | 36 | 5,304 | 49 | 1,390 | 10,892 |
Anatomy | 287 | 10 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 1 | 0 | 158 |
Biochemistry | 2,232 | 38 | 2 | 196 | 34 | 6 | 548 | 4 | 90 | 1,314 |
Biology | 2,268 | 51 | 3 | 168 | 43 | 13 | 696 | 10 | 146 | 1,138 |
Biometry and epidemiology | 536 | 15 | 1 | 36 | 20 | 2 | 144 | 2 | 66 | 250 |
Biophysics | 185 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 1 | 13 | 114 |
Botany | 596 | 19 | 0 | 69 | 5 | 0 | 143 | 0 | 110 | 250 |
Cell biology | 2,574 | 47 | 3 | 208 | 18 | 3 | 548 | 2 | 359 | 1,386 |
Ecology | 205 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 97 | 0 | 28 | 61 |
Entomology and parasitology | 266 | 8 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 0 | 108 | 5 | 8 | 117 |
Genetics | 1,407 | 27 | 1 | 137 | 14 | 1 | 379 | 2 | 105 | 741 |
Microbiology, immunology, and virology | 2,437 | 54 | 5 | 197 | 40 | 1 | 686 | 2 | 152 | 1,300 |
Nutrition | 224 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 6 | 3 | 65 | 0 | 31 | 89 |
Pathology | 1,582 | 26 | 3 | 150 | 26 | 1 | 351 | 5 | 64 | 956 |
Pharmacology | 1,383 | 31 | 2 | 136 | 33 | 2 | 401 | 4 | 34 | 740 |
Physiology | 1,399 | 30 | 2 | 103 | 27 | 2 | 421 | 0 | 53 | 761 |
Zoology | 87 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 9 | 12 |
Biological sciences nec | 2,418 | 43 | 1 | 153 | 43 | 2 | 538 | 11 | 122 | 1,505 |
Communicationb | 58 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 13 | 26 |
Computer sciences | 760 | 14 | 0 | 60 | 11 | 0 | 151 | 1 | 60 | 463 |
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 1,956 | 41 | 3 | 119 | 15 | 1 | 737 | 12 | 141 | 887 |
Atmospheric sciences | 209 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 60 | 1 | 13 | 121 |
Geosciences | 637 | 10 | 2 | 27 | 2 | 0 | 201 | 2 | 39 | 354 |
Oceanography | 446 | 9 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 205 | 8 | 13 | 180 |
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec | 664 | 22 | 0 | 53 | 8 | 1 | 271 | 1 | 76 | 232 |
Family and consumer sciences and human sciencesb | 58 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Mathematical sciences | 902 | 18 | 0 | 36 | 6 | 1 | 288 | 5 | 102 | 446 |
Mathematics and applied mathematics | 782 | 16 | 0 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 272 | 5 | 79 | 376 |
Statistics | 120 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 23 | 70 |
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studiesb | 742 | 19 | 1 | 52 | 17 | 3 | 291 | 5 | 39 | 315 |
Neuroscienceb | 1,525 | 22 | 1 | 96 | 14 | 1 | 438 | 2 | 163 | 788 |
Physical sciences | 7,430 | 116 | 12 | 483 | 78 | 8 | 1,883 | 13 | 516 | 4,321 |
Astronomy | 509 | 6 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 178 | 1 | 67 | 237 |
Chemistry | 4,016 | 67 | 10 | 291 | 59 | 2 | 905 | 8 | 178 | 2,496 |
Physics | 2,651 | 40 | 1 | 161 | 15 | 6 | 685 | 4 | 264 | 1,475 |
Physical sciences nec | 254 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 115 | 0 | 7 | 113 |
Psychology | 1,132 | 42 | 0 | 47 | 28 | 1 | 629 | 2 | 94 | 289 |
Clinical psychology | 104 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 80 | 1 | 1 | 11 |
Psychology, general | 613 | 19 | 0 | 26 | 9 | 0 | 309 | 1 | 66 | 183 |
Psychology nec | 415 | 21 | 0 | 17 | 14 | 1 | 240 | 0 | 27 | 95 |
Social sciences | 799 | 31 | 5 | 54 | 35 | 6 | 313 | 3 | 107 | 245 |
Agricultural economics | 60 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 11 | 18 |
Anthropology (cultural and social) | 96 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 8 | 21 |
Economics (except agricultural) | 50 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 30 |
Geography | 69 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 6 | 30 |
History and philosophy of science | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
Linguistics | 31 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 5 | 10 |
Political science | 176 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 76 | 3 | 26 | 58 |
Sociology | 97 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 39 | 0 | 9 | 27 |
Sociology and anthropology | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Social sciences nec | 204 | 13 | 3 | 23 | 13 | 4 | 73 | 0 | 32 | 43 |
Engineering | 7,103 | 112 | 3 | 594 | 71 | 2 | 1,325 | 16 | 615 | 4,365 |
Aerospace engineering | 170 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 32 | 2 | 8 | 106 |
Agricultural engineering | 133 | 2 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 1 | 87 |
Architectureb | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Biomedical engineering | 1,161 | 20 | 0 | 134 | 21 | 0 | 279 | 0 | 77 | 630 |
Chemical engineering | 1,098 | 23 | 0 | 88 | 8 | 0 | 216 | 4 | 49 | 710 |
Civil engineeringb | 590 | 17 | 0 | 42 | 3 | 0 | 105 | 1 | 68 | 354 |
Electrical engineering | 1,152 | 14 | 0 | 86 | 13 | 0 | 173 | 0 | 164 | 702 |
Engineering science | 292 | 4 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 2 | 26 | 179 |
Industrial engineering | 127 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 16 | 63 |
Mechanical engineering | 985 | 10 | 0 | 67 | 6 | 0 | 162 | 2 | 91 | 647 |
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 854 | 13 | 2 | 75 | 6 | 0 | 126 | 2 | 66 | 564 |
Mining engineering | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Nuclear engineering | 120 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 23 | 1 | 15 | 71 |
Petroleum engineering | 53 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 45 |
Engineering nec | 357 | 2 | 0 | 36 | 5 | 1 | 79 | 0 | 33 | 201 |
Health | 19,010 | 489 | 34 | 2,037 | 489 | 36 | 5,445 | 74 | 1,046 | 9,360 |
Clinical medicine | 16,361 | 413 | 26 | 1,786 | 418 | 31 | 4,600 | 69 | 906 | 8,112 |
Anesthesiology | 436 | 6 | 0 | 59 | 4 | 0 | 109 | 0 | 15 | 243 |
Cardiology | 787 | 14 | 0 | 83 | 14 | 1 | 231 | 9 | 29 | 406 |
Endocrinology | 473 | 17 | 0 | 47 | 10 | 2 | 128 | 3 | 17 | 249 |
Gastroenterology | 319 | 5 | 0 | 39 | 6 | 1 | 83 | 1 | 3 | 181 |
Hematology | 367 | 7 | 1 | 42 | 7 | 0 | 102 | 0 | 6 | 202 |
Neurologyb | 952 | 20 | 2 | 85 | 18 | 0 | 253 | 1 | 46 | 527 |
Obstetrics and gynecology | 307 | 11 | 2 | 24 | 11 | 0 | 99 | 4 | 8 | 148 |
Oncology and cancer research | 1,923 | 55 | 1 | 219 | 36 | 3 | 436 | 1 | 39 | 1,133 |
Ophthalmology | 518 | 17 | 1 | 53 | 4 | 0 | 97 | 2 | 40 | 304 |
Otorhinolaryngology | 144 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 5 | 79 |
Pediatrics | 1,583 | 43 | 3 | 191 | 53 | 1 | 565 | 3 | 99 | 625 |
Preventive medicine and community health | 730 | 35 | 3 | 68 | 44 | 15 | 230 | 5 | 84 | 246 |
Psychiatry | 1,089 | 34 | 2 | 86 | 40 | 1 | 502 | 7 | 92 | 325 |
Pulmonary disease | 279 | 5 | 0 | 29 | 4 | 0 | 120 | 1 | 3 | 117 |
Radiology | 979 | 17 | 2 | 109 | 17 | 1 | 199 | 3 | 25 | 606 |
Surgery | 1,373 | 27 | 0 | 112 | 33 | 2 | 344 | 9 | 79 | 767 |
Clinical medicine nec | 4,102 | 95 | 9 | 532 | 113 | 4 | 1,059 | 20 | 316 | 1,954 |
Other health | 2,649 | 76 | 8 | 251 | 71 | 5 | 845 | 5 | 140 | 1,248 |
Dental sciences | 343 | 3 | 1 | 38 | 11 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 17 | 198 |
Nursing | 76 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 39 | 0 | 7 | 12 |
Pharmaceutical sciences | 982 | 23 | 4 | 104 | 30 | 3 | 244 | 4 | 31 | 539 |
Speech pathology and audiology | 59 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 1 | 3 | 12 |
Veterinary sciences | 534 | 18 | 0 | 40 | 5 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 50 | 171 |
Other health nec | 655 | 26 | 2 | 58 | 19 | 1 | 201 | 0 | 32 | 316 |
nec = not elsewhere classified. |
a Ethnicity and race data are available only for U.S. citizens and permanent residents. |
b In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. “2007new” presents data as collected in 2007; “2007old” shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. The science fields Communication and Family and consumer sciences and human sciences were newly eligible in 2007; data for these two fields begin in 2007new. The science field Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies was also added to the code list in 2007; some data reported in this field were reported under other fields before 2007 and are included in those fields in 2007old. Neuroscience is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field Neurology in 2007old and previous years. Architecture is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under Civil engineering in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail. |
NOTES: “Field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the GSS. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2012. |
Data from survey cycle Fall 2012, as of December 2013. |