Table 47. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, and doctoral degree type: 2012 |
U.S. citizens and permanent residents | Temporary visa holders | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field | Total | Doctoral degreea |
Professional degreea |
Dual degreea | Doctoral degree type unknowna |
Doctoral degreea |
Professional degreea |
Dual degreea | Doctoral degree type unknowna |
All surveyed fields | 62,851 | 19,087 | 2,800 | 559 | 7,418 | 24,339 | 2,147 | 725 | 5,776 |
Science and engineering | 43,841 | 13,896 | 418 | 139 | 5,761 | 18,428 | 525 | 232 | 4,442 |
Science | 36,738 | 12,268 | 389 | 130 | 4,689 | 15,157 | 495 | 221 | 3,389 |
Agricultural sciences | 1,290 | 448 | 18 | 1 | 248 | 469 | 8 | 1 | 97 |
Biological sciences | 20,086 | 6,652 | 297 | 117 | 2,128 | 8,400 | 433 | 202 | 1,857 |
Anatomy | 287 | 84 | 6 | 4 | 35 | 99 | 6 | 7 | 46 |
Biochemistry | 2,232 | 668 | 9 | 10 | 231 | 998 | 17 | 16 | 283 |
Biology | 2,268 | 912 | 2 | 2 | 214 | 974 | 10 | 3 | 151 |
Biometry and epidemiology | 536 | 202 | 12 | 3 | 69 | 174 | 10 | 2 | 64 |
Biophysics | 185 | 66 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 108 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Botany | 596 | 199 | 7 | 0 | 140 | 214 | 1 | 0 | 35 |
Cell biology | 2,574 | 686 | 15 | 10 | 477 | 1,066 | 31 | 30 | 259 |
Ecology | 205 | 116 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Entomology and parasitology | 266 | 120 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Genetics | 1,407 | 480 | 20 | 10 | 156 | 511 | 25 | 21 | 184 |
Microbiology, immunology, and virology | 2,437 | 847 | 53 | 21 | 216 | 957 | 48 | 13 | 282 |
Nutrition | 224 | 80 | 8 | 0 | 47 | 49 | 4 | 0 | 36 |
Pathology | 1,582 | 452 | 68 | 24 | 82 | 703 | 87 | 43 | 123 |
Pharmacology | 1,383 | 541 | 28 | 9 | 65 | 652 | 25 | 26 | 37 |
Physiology | 1,399 | 483 | 22 | 7 | 126 | 590 | 33 | 17 | 121 |
Zoology | 87 | 47 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Biological sciences nec | 2,418 | 669 | 43 | 14 | 187 | 1,161 | 136 | 23 | 185 |
Communication b | 58 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Computer sciences | 760 | 201 | 4 | 0 | 92 | 384 | 1 | 0 | 78 |
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 1,956 | 666 | 22 | 0 | 381 | 754 | 6 | 0 | 127 |
Atmospheric sciences | 209 | 59 | 1 | 0 | 28 | 109 | 1 | 0 | 11 |
Geosciences | 637 | 212 | 1 | 0 | 70 | 289 | 0 | 0 | 65 |
Oceanography | 446 | 238 | 16 | 0 | 12 | 173 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec | 664 | 157 | 4 | 0 | 271 | 183 | 2 | 0 | 47 |
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences b | 58 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Mathematical sciences | 902 | 343 | 9 | 0 | 104 | 387 | 2 | 0 | 57 |
Mathematics and applied mathematics | 782 | 312 | 9 | 0 | 85 | 326 | 2 | 0 | 48 |
Statistics | 120 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies b | 742 | 225 | 3 | 3 | 196 | 215 | 2 | 1 | 97 |
Neuroscience b | 1,525 | 506 | 10 | 3 | 218 | 572 | 12 | 12 | 192 |
Physical sciences | 7,430 | 2,099 | 7 | 2 | 1,001 | 3,511 | 13 | 0 | 797 |
Astronomy | 509 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 121 | 203 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
Chemistry | 4,016 | 1,067 | 3 | 2 | 448 | 1,931 | 7 | 0 | 558 |
Physics | 2,651 | 850 | 4 | 0 | 322 | 1,329 | 6 | 0 | 140 |
Physical sciences nec | 254 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 110 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 65 |
Psychology | 1,132 | 675 | 11 | 2 | 155 | 249 | 7 | 3 | 30 |
Clinical psychology | 104 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Psychology, general | 613 | 323 | 5 | 2 | 100 | 157 | 2 | 1 | 23 |
Psychology nec | 415 | 270 | 6 | 0 | 44 | 83 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
Social sciences | 799 | 398 | 7 | 2 | 147 | 189 | 11 | 2 | 43 |
Agricultural economics | 60 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Anthropology (cultural and social) | 96 | 57 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Economics (except agricultural) | 50 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Geography | 69 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 23 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
History and philosophy of science | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Linguistics | 31 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Political science | 176 | 86 | 2 | 2 | 28 | 45 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
Sociology | 97 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
Sociology and anthropology | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Social sciences nec | 204 | 105 | 1 | 0 | 55 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
Engineering | 7,103 | 1,628 | 29 | 9 | 1,072 | 3,271 | 30 | 11 | 1,053 |
Aerospace engineering | 170 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 75 | 1 | 0 | 30 |
Agricultural engineering | 133 | 30 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 78 | 0 | 2 | 7 |
Architecture b | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Biomedical engineering | 1,161 | 366 | 8 | 5 | 152 | 413 | 11 | 2 | 204 |
Chemical engineering | 1,098 | 231 | 5 | 1 | 151 | 503 | 0 | 3 | 204 |
Civil engineering b | 590 | 122 | 1 | 0 | 113 | 285 | 0 | 0 | 69 |
Electrical engineering | 1,152 | 242 | 1 | 1 | 206 | 551 | 0 | 0 | 151 |
Engineering science | 292 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 163 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
Industrial engineering | 127 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
Mechanical engineering | 985 | 192 | 8 | 2 | 136 | 512 | 16 | 4 | 115 |
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 854 | 169 | 1 | 0 | 120 | 430 | 0 | 0 | 134 |
Mining engineering | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nuclear engineering | 120 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
Petroleum engineering | 53 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Engineering nec | 357 | 72 | 1 | 0 | 83 | 127 | 2 | 0 | 72 |
Health | 19,010 | 5,191 | 2,382 | 420 | 1,657 | 5,911 | 1,622 | 493 | 1,334 |
Clinical medicine | 16,361 | 4,517 | 2,125 | 397 | 1,210 | 5,120 | 1,502 | 464 | 1,026 |
Anesthesiology | 436 | 120 | 50 | 4 | 19 | 140 | 64 | 14 | 25 |
Cardiology | 787 | 156 | 123 | 24 | 78 | 203 | 94 | 34 | 75 |
Endocrinology | 473 | 133 | 62 | 12 | 17 | 183 | 41 | 20 | 5 |
Gastroenterology | 319 | 65 | 61 | 4 | 8 | 96 | 54 | 14 | 17 |
Hematology | 367 | 90 | 41 | 16 | 18 | 164 | 27 | 2 | 9 |
Neurology b | 952 | 253 | 70 | 18 | 84 | 339 | 77 | 20 | 91 |
Obstetrics and gynecology | 307 | 48 | 83 | 2 | 26 | 92 | 28 | 5 | 23 |
Oncology and cancer research | 1,923 | 544 | 103 | 81 | 62 | 874 | 101 | 55 | 103 |
Ophthalmology | 518 | 111 | 50 | 11 | 42 | 185 | 76 | 22 | 21 |
Otorhinolaryngology | 144 | 35 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 44 | 20 | 8 | 7 |
Pediatrics | 1,583 | 503 | 303 | 31 | 121 | 462 | 64 | 39 | 60 |
Preventive medicine and community health | 730 | 300 | 56 | 5 | 123 | 132 | 12 | 2 | 100 |
Psychiatry | 1,089 | 572 | 90 | 13 | 89 | 223 | 55 | 7 | 40 |
Pulmonary disease | 279 | 65 | 82 | 9 | 6 | 51 | 32 | 8 | 26 |
Radiology | 979 | 221 | 81 | 6 | 65 | 419 | 95 | 17 | 75 |
Surgery | 1,373 | 227 | 259 | 16 | 104 | 355 | 252 | 48 | 112 |
Clinical medicine nec | 4,102 | 1,074 | 598 | 139 | 337 | 1,158 | 410 | 149 | 237 |
Other health | 2,649 | 674 | 257 | 23 | 447 | 791 | 120 | 29 | 308 |
Dental sciences | 343 | 71 | 44 | 7 | 23 | 106 | 43 | 11 | 38 |
Nursing | 76 | 45 | 0 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Pharmaceutical sciences | 982 | 256 | 53 | 0 | 134 | 394 | 16 | 2 | 127 |
Speech pathology and audiology | 59 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Veterinary sciences | 534 | 96 | 125 | 5 | 137 | 104 | 26 | 8 | 33 |
Other health nec | 655 | 182 | 34 | 6 | 117 | 174 | 35 | 7 | 100 |
nec = not elsewhere classified. |
a Doctoral degree = PhD, ScD, DEng, etc.; professional degree = MD, DVM, DO, DDS, etc.; dual degree = both professional and doctoral degrees (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD, etc.). |
b In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. “2007new” presents data as collected in 2007; “2007old” shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. The science fields Communication and Family and consumer sciences and human sciences were newly eligible in 2007; data for these two fields begin in 2007new. The science field Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies was also added to the code list in 2007; some data reported in this field were reported under other fields before 2007 and are included in those fields in 2007old. Neuroscience is reported as a separate field of science in 2007new; data were reported under health field Neurology in 2007old and previous years. Architecture is reported as a separate field of engineering in 2007new; data were reported under Civil engineering in 2007old and previous years. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail. |
NOTES: In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for more information). Thus, it is unclear how much of the increases in 2010 and later years over 2009 and prior years are from growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much are from improved data collection. More information on the changes to the postdoc data collection is available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf13334/. Postdoc data from 2010 and 2011 were reimputed following the 2012 data collection; these data supersede those contained in previous reports. For graduate students, “field” refers to the field of the reporting unit in which the student is enrolled. For postdocs, “field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the GSS. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2012. |
Data from survey cycle Fall 2012, as of December 2013. |