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Table 50. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health, by citizenship, ethnicity, race, origin of doctoral degree, and field: 2012

  Science and engineering Health
Characteristic All science,
engineering,
and health		 Total Science Engineering Total Clinical medicinea Other health
Total 62,851 43,841 36,738 7,103 19,010 16,361 2,649
   U.S. citizens and permanent residentsb 29,864 20,214 17,476 2,738 9,650 8,249 1,401
      Hispanic or Latino 1,351 862 750 112 489 413 76
      Not Hispanic or Latino              
         American Indian or Alaska Native 85 51 48 3 34 26 8
         Asian 5,367 3,330 2,736 594 2,037 1,786 251
         Black or African American 1,104 615 544 71 489 418 71
         Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 99 63 61 2 36 31 5
         White 17,280 11,835 10,510 1,325 5,445 4,600 845
         More than one race 186 112 96 16 74 69 5
      Unknown ethnicity and race 4,392 3,346 2,731 615 1,046 906 140
   Temporary visa holders 32,987 23,627 19,262 4,365 9,360 8,112 1,248
   Origin of doctoral degreec              
      United Statesd 23,248 16,326 13,910 2,416 6,922 5,991 931
      Foreign country 18,159 12,350 10,660 1,690 5,809 5,218 591
      Unknown degree origin 21,444 15,165 12,168 2,997 6,279 5,152 1,127

a Clinical medicine includes postdoctoral appointees in anesthesiology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology and cancer research, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics, preventive medicine and community health, psychiatry, pulmonary disease, radiology, surgery, and clinical medicine, not elsewhere classified.
b Ethnicity and race data are available only for U.S. citizens and permanent residents.
c Doctoral degree = PhD, ScD, DEng, etc.; professional degree = MD, DVM, DO, DDS, etc.; dual degree = both professional and doctoral degrees (MD-PhD, DVM-PhD, etc.).
d United States includes Puerto Rico and U.S. territories.
NOTES: “Field” refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the GSS.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2012.
Data from survey cycle Fall 2012, as of December 2013.