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Table 33. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field: 2007–13
Field 2007a 2008 2009 2010b, c 2011c 2012 2013
All surveyed fields 17,898 20,221 21,818 24,570 24,472 24,685 24,357
   Science and engineering 11,592 13,084 14,157 15,789 15,807 15,665 15,537
      Science 10,749 11,981 12,772 14,299 14,308 14,076 13,949
         Agricultural sciences 328 426 398 449 475 513 542
         Biological sciences 7,598 8,358 8,640 9,581 9,293 8,787 8,445
            Anatomy 149 147 169 196 178 139 126
            Biochemistry 819 860 923 1,001 892 857 789
            Biology 838 1,023 1,018 1,084 1,024 995 931
            Biometry and epidemiology 175 155 193 269 223 247 275
            Biophysics 56 45 51 83 63 65 53
            Botany 189 252 261 224 214 239 237
            Cell biology 887 1,014 1,142 1,193 1,165 1,127 1,053
            Ecology 75 96 96 96 81 97 47
            Entomology and parasitology 83 75 90 98 119 122 121
            Genetics 392 408 430 605 625 592 596
            Microbiology, immunology, and virology 979 974 993 1,153 1,211 1,144 1,026
            Nutrition 160 142 128 143 147 148 147
            Pathology 708 778 838 874 786 719 678
            Pharmacology 566 614 659 748 687 603 563
            Physiology 499 540 588 641 691 615 634
            Zoology 42 36 32 28 29 36 40
            Biological sciences nec 981 1,199 1,029 1,145 1,158 1,042 1,129
         Communication 16 14 15 23 24 21 31
         Computer sciences 79 85 100 130 142 155 140
         Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 382 468 487 593 652 744 765
            Atmospheric sciences 28 26 34 54 56 71 61
            Geosciences 151 186 165 180 196 226 265
            Oceanography 129 147 161 160 188 203 193
            Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec 74 109 127 199 212 244 246
         Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 4 13 14 23 43 44 62
         Mathematical sciences 104 146 170 186 190 193 187
            Mathematics and applied mathematics 93 122 152 169 167 162 155
            Statistics 11 24 18 17 23 31 32
         Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies 63 124 166 280 240 263 328
         Neuroscience 109 157 250 387 610 661 730
         Physical sciences 1,345 1,443 1,669 1,682 1,626 1,661 1,655
            Astronomy 81 112 143 141 153 148 115
            Chemistry 908 930 1,089 1,016 932 966 974
            Physics 324 366 400 479 486 488 503
            Physical sciences nec 32 35 37 46 55 59 63
         Psychologyb 519 505 610 623 627 642 601
            Clinical psychology 58 49 102 98 67 72 74
            Psychology, general 281 309 336 350 336 331 323
            Psychology nec 180 147 172 175 224 239 204
         Social sciences 202 242 253 342 386 392 463
            Agricultural economics 13 16 16 16 16 23 29
            Anthropology (cultural and social) 30 48 47 49 45 53 71
            Economics (except agricultural) 15 8 18 18 10 15 17
            Geography 10 16 23 23 19 27 40
            History and philosophy of science 4 5 5 7 6 6 4
            Linguistics 16 13 4 10 12 17 18
            Political science 24 33 35 43 101 75 111
            Sociology 30 25 34 52 60 62 58
            Sociology and anthropology 0 2 1 0 1 1 2
            Social sciences nec 60 76 70 124 116 113 113
      Engineering 843 1,103 1,385 1,490 1,499 1,589 1,588
         Aerospace engineering 19 19 24 30 32 31 30
         Agricultural engineering 32 32 30 38 38 43 40
         Architecture 2 4 11 5 7 3 6
         Biomedical engineering 163 217 324 325 344 388 352
         Chemical engineering 141 186 234 236 271 268 306
         Civil engineering 78 118 125 148 153 149 161
         Electrical engineering 104 139 158 169 153 185 187
         Engineering science 34 41 54 46 61 59 46
         Industrial engineering 17 45 28 40 27 27 30
         Mechanical engineering 78 106 141 148 126 150 166
         Metallurgical and materials engineering 121 132 147 174 181 172 174
         Mining engineering 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
         Nuclear engineering 11 15 15 15 15 12 11
         Petroleum engineering 6 6 7 12 6 14 11
         Engineering nec 36 42 87 104 85 87 67
   Healthb 6,306 7,137 7,661 8,781 8,665 9,020 8,820
      Clinical medicine 5,370 6,195 6,561 7,590 7,594 7,760 7,533
         Anesthesiology 134 142 166 206 171 181 169
         Cardiology 138 173 198 247 256 316 318
         Endocrinology 152 170 233 227 226 258 224
         Gastroenterology 103 101 107 118 147 153 150
         Hematology 124 147 173 149 162 175 179
         Neurology 565 613 653 625 485 451 438
         Obstetrics and gynecology 101 131 158 201 204 199 183
         Oncology and cancer research 661 728 758 865 835 869 822
         Ophthalmology 176 215 222 207 216 241 235
         Otorhinolaryngology 57 55 61 55 75 60 73
         Pediatrics 436 513 529 718 758 878 924
         Preventive medicine and community health 180 229 245 362 376 420 412
         Psychiatry 453 532 552 604 614 684 654
         Pulmonary disease 72 91 97 119 135 129 136
         Radiology 295 299 340 361 336 328 312
         Surgery 351 385 441 456 469 529 478
         Clinical medicine nec 1,372 1,671 1,628 2,070 2,129 1,889 1,826
      Other healthb 936 942 1,100 1,191 1,071 1,260 1,287
         Dental sciences 115 116 140 169 155 155 138
         Nursing 52 69 58 49 68 66 67
         Pharmaceutical sciences 280 289 353 388 360 360 372
         Speech pathology and audiology 48 34 39 32 30 38 30
         Veterinary sciences 250 244 243 242 240 311 300
         Other health nec 191 190 267 311 218 330 380

nec = not elsewhere classified.
a In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. 2007 data presented in this table are the data collected in 2007, which were labeled as "2007new" in the past publications. See appendix A in http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail on the changes made in 2007.
b In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc data (see appendix A for more information). Thus, it is unclear how much of the increases in 2010 and later years over 2009 and prior years are from growth in postdoctoral appointments and how much are from improved data collection. More information on the changes to the postdoc data collection is available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf13334/.
c Postdoc data from 2010 and 2011 were reimputed following the 2012 data collection; these data supersede those contained in previous reports.
NOTE: "Field" refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
Data from survey cycle Fall 2013, as of 8 August 2014.