| Sex | Citizenship | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Field | Postdoctoral appointees |
Male | Female | U.S. citizens and permanent residents |
Temporary visa holders |
| All surveyed fields | 61,942 | 37,585 | 24,357 | 29,546 | 32,396 |
| Science and engineering | 43,395 | 27,858 | 15,537 | 20,257 | 23,138 |
| Science | 36,289 | 22,340 | 13,949 | 17,551 | 18,738 |
| Agricultural sciences | 1,319 | 777 | 542 | 737 | 582 |
| Biological sciences | 19,330 | 10,885 | 8,445 | 8,984 | 10,346 |
| Anatomy | 258 | 132 | 126 | 119 | 139 |
| Biochemistry | 2,097 | 1,308 | 789 | 889 | 1,208 |
| Biology | 2,141 | 1,210 | 931 | 1,105 | 1,036 |
| Biometry and epidemiology | 638 | 363 | 275 | 332 | 306 |
| Biophysics | 164 | 111 | 53 | 65 | 99 |
| Botany | 614 | 377 | 237 | 332 | 282 |
| Cell biology | 2,387 | 1,334 | 1,053 | 1,102 | 1,285 |
| Ecology | 107 | 60 | 47 | 67 | 40 |
| Entomology and parasitology | 258 | 137 | 121 | 142 | 116 |
| Genetics | 1,394 | 798 | 596 | 647 | 747 |
| Microbiology, immunology, and virology | 2,188 | 1,162 | 1,026 | 1,087 | 1,101 |
| Nutrition | 214 | 67 | 147 | 125 | 89 |
| Pathology | 1,505 | 827 | 678 | 599 | 906 |
| Pharmacology | 1,284 | 721 | 563 | 633 | 651 |
| Physiology | 1,412 | 778 | 634 | 647 | 765 |
| Zoology | 94 | 54 | 40 | 76 | 18 |
| Biological sciences nec | 2,575 | 1,446 | 1,129 | 1,017 | 1,558 |
| Communication | 76 | 45 | 31 | 45 | 31 |
| Computer sciences | 765 | 625 | 140 | 302 | 463 |
| Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 2,032 | 1,267 | 765 | 1,144 | 888 |
| Atmospheric sciences | 209 | 148 | 61 | 89 | 120 |
| Geosciences | 730 | 465 | 265 | 358 | 372 |
| Oceanography | 423 | 230 | 193 | 260 | 163 |
| Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec | 670 | 424 | 246 | 437 | 233 |
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences | 90 | 28 | 62 | 69 | 21 |
| Mathematical sciences | 932 | 745 | 187 | 488 | 444 |
| Mathematics and applied mathematics | 787 | 632 | 155 | 417 | 370 |
| Statistics | 145 | 113 | 32 | 71 | 74 |
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies | 891 | 563 | 328 | 504 | 387 |
| Neuroscience | 1,696 | 966 | 730 | 832 | 864 |
| Physical sciences | 7,197 | 5,542 | 1,655 | 3,016 | 4,181 |
| Astronomy | 407 | 292 | 115 | 217 | 190 |
| Chemistry | 3,850 | 2,876 | 974 | 1,476 | 2,374 |
| Physics | 2,682 | 2,179 | 503 | 1,186 | 1,496 |
| Physical sciences nec | 258 | 195 | 63 | 137 | 121 |
| Psychology | 1,023 | 422 | 601 | 785 | 238 |
| Clinical psychology | 104 | 30 | 74 | 97 | 7 |
| Psychology, general | 568 | 245 | 323 | 425 | 143 |
| Psychology nec | 351 | 147 | 204 | 263 | 88 |
| Social sciences | 938 | 475 | 463 | 645 | 293 |
| Agricultural economics | 61 | 32 | 29 | 38 | 23 |
| Anthropology (cultural and social) | 118 | 47 | 71 | 94 | 24 |
| Economics (except agricultural) | 62 | 45 | 17 | 35 | 27 |
| Geography | 89 | 49 | 40 | 49 | 40 |
| History and philosophy of science | 14 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
| Linguistics | 33 | 15 | 18 | 20 | 13 |
| Political science | 239 | 128 | 111 | 169 | 70 |
| Sociology | 93 | 35 | 58 | 70 | 23 |
| Sociology and anthropology | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Social sciences nec | 226 | 113 | 113 | 161 | 65 |
| Engineering | 7,106 | 5,518 | 1,588 | 2,706 | 4,400 |
| Aerospace engineering | 202 | 172 | 30 | 78 | 124 |
| Agricultural engineering | 152 | 112 | 40 | 51 | 101 |
| Architecture | 17 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 9 |
| Biomedical engineering | 1,103 | 751 | 352 | 519 | 584 |
| Chemical engineering | 1,230 | 924 | 306 | 440 | 790 |
| Civil engineering | 587 | 426 | 161 | 263 | 324 |
| Electrical engineering | 1,180 | 993 | 187 | 433 | 747 |
| Engineering science | 240 | 194 | 46 | 73 | 167 |
| Industrial engineering | 133 | 103 | 30 | 62 | 71 |
| Mechanical engineering | 1,034 | 868 | 166 | 373 | 661 |
| Metallurgical and materials engineering | 809 | 635 | 174 | 278 | 531 |
| Mining engineering | 7 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
| Nuclear engineering | 105 | 94 | 11 | 32 | 73 |
| Petroleum engineering | 49 | 38 | 11 | 6 | 43 |
| Engineering nec | 258 | 191 | 67 | 86 | 172 |
| Health | 18,547 | 9,727 | 8,820 | 9,289 | 9,258 |
| Clinical medicine | 15,831 | 8,298 | 7,533 | 7,887 | 7,944 |
| Anesthesiology | 439 | 270 | 169 | 179 | 260 |
| Cardiology | 777 | 459 | 318 | 330 | 447 |
| Endocrinology | 441 | 217 | 224 | 210 | 231 |
| Gastroenterology | 317 | 167 | 150 | 119 | 198 |
| Hematology | 348 | 169 | 179 | 149 | 199 |
| Neurology | 941 | 503 | 438 | 405 | 536 |
| Obstetrics and gynecology | 301 | 118 | 183 | 150 | 151 |
| Oncology and cancer research | 1,859 | 1,037 | 822 | 785 | 1,074 |
| Ophthalmology | 528 | 293 | 235 | 210 | 318 |
| Otorhinolaryngology | 160 | 87 | 73 | 77 | 83 |
| Pediatrics | 1,584 | 660 | 924 | 936 | 648 |
| Preventive medicine and community health | 703 | 291 | 412 | 435 | 268 |
| Psychiatry | 1,008 | 354 | 654 | 740 | 268 |
| Pulmonary disease | 288 | 152 | 136 | 184 | 104 |
| Radiology | 921 | 609 | 312 | 348 | 573 |
| Surgery | 1,297 | 819 | 478 | 581 | 716 |
| Clinical medicine nec | 3,919 | 2,093 | 1,826 | 2,049 | 1,870 |
| Other health | 2,716 | 1,429 | 1,287 | 1,402 | 1,314 |
| Dental sciences | 303 | 165 | 138 | 131 | 172 |
| Nursing | 77 | 10 | 67 | 58 | 19 |
| Pharmaceutical sciences | 995 | 623 | 372 | 437 | 558 |
| Speech pathology and audiology | 49 | 19 | 30 | 42 | 7 |
| Veterinary sciences | 564 | 264 | 300 | 362 | 202 |
| Other health nec | 728 | 348 | 380 | 372 | 356 |
| nec = not elsewhere classified. |
| NOTE: "Field" refers to the field of the unit that reports postdocs to the Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering. |
| SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, NSF-NIH Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2013. |
| Data from survey cycle Fall 2013, as of 8 August 2014. |
