Table 38. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, sex, and citizenship: 2014
| Field |
Postdoctoral appointees |
Sex |
Citizenship |
| Male |
Female |
U.S. citizens and permanent residents |
Temporary visa holders |
| All surveyed fields |
63,593 |
38,491 |
25,102 |
30,095 |
33,498 |
| Science and engineering |
44,623 |
28,618 |
16,005 |
20,453 |
24,170 |
| Science |
37,316 |
22,953 |
14,363 |
17,661 |
19,655 |
| Agricultural sciences |
1,402 |
807 |
595 |
729 |
673 |
| Biological sciences |
19,554 |
11,046 |
8,508 |
8,958 |
10,596 |
| Anatomy |
235 |
133 |
102 |
104 |
131 |
| Biochemistry |
1,885 |
1,165 |
720 |
775 |
1,110 |
| Biology |
2,392 |
1,385 |
1,007 |
1,164 |
1,228 |
| Biometry and epidemiology |
652 |
366 |
286 |
345 |
307 |
| Biophysics |
156 |
108 |
48 |
62 |
94 |
| Botany and plant biology |
626 |
393 |
233 |
343 |
283 |
| Cell and molecular biology |
2,270 |
1,265 |
1,005 |
1,064 |
1,206 |
| Ecology |
102 |
56 |
46 |
64 |
38 |
| Entomology and parasitology |
279 |
154 |
125 |
147 |
132 |
| Genetics |
1,385 |
787 |
598 |
602 |
783 |
| Microbiology, immunology, and virology |
2,187 |
1,174 |
1,013 |
1,099 |
1,088 |
| Nutrition |
236 |
75 |
161 |
134 |
102 |
| Pathology |
1,469 |
804 |
665 |
609 |
860 |
| Pharmacology and toxicology |
1,226 |
679 |
547 |
584 |
642 |
| Physiology |
1,380 |
765 |
615 |
647 |
733 |
| Zoology |
75 |
42 |
33 |
60 |
15 |
| Biosciences nec |
2,999 |
1,695 |
1,304 |
1,155 |
1,844 |
| Communication |
75 |
45 |
30 |
40 |
35 |
| Computer sciences |
834 |
682 |
152 |
320 |
514 |
| Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences |
2,061 |
1,276 |
785 |
1,156 |
905 |
| Atmospheric sciences |
212 |
142 |
70 |
95 |
117 |
| Geosciences |
725 |
460 |
265 |
347 |
378 |
| Ocean sciences |
423 |
227 |
196 |
253 |
170 |
| Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec |
701 |
447 |
254 |
461 |
240 |
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences |
114 |
30 |
84 |
84 |
30 |
| Mathematics and statistics |
959 |
764 |
195 |
433 |
526 |
| Mathematics and applied mathematics |
840 |
668 |
172 |
390 |
450 |
| Statistics |
119 |
96 |
23 |
43 |
76 |
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies |
1,045 |
671 |
374 |
566 |
479 |
| Neurobiology and neuroscience |
1,878 |
1,061 |
817 |
938 |
940 |
| Physical sciences |
7,277 |
5,625 |
1,652 |
2,958 |
4,319 |
| Astronomy and astrophysics |
390 |
277 |
113 |
234 |
156 |
| Chemistry |
3,891 |
2,915 |
976 |
1,469 |
2,422 |
| Physics |
2,738 |
2,234 |
504 |
1,125 |
1,613 |
| Physical sciences nec |
258 |
199 |
59 |
130 |
128 |
| Psychology |
1,066 |
444 |
622 |
765 |
301 |
| Clinical psychology |
85 |
27 |
58 |
74 |
11 |
| Psychology, general |
584 |
258 |
326 |
408 |
176 |
| Psychology nec |
397 |
159 |
238 |
283 |
114 |
| Social sciences |
1,051 |
502 |
549 |
714 |
337 |
| Agricultural economics |
65 |
36 |
29 |
36 |
29 |
| Anthropology |
142 |
66 |
76 |
109 |
33 |
| Economics (except agricultural) |
86 |
59 |
27 |
52 |
34 |
| Geography |
104 |
50 |
54 |
56 |
48 |
| History and philosophy of science |
9 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
6 |
| Linguistics |
36 |
17 |
19 |
26 |
10 |
| Political science and government |
258 |
137 |
121 |
177 |
81 |
| Sociology |
91 |
29 |
62 |
71 |
20 |
| Sociology and anthropology |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
| Social sciences nec |
257 |
100 |
157 |
183 |
74 |
| Engineering |
7,307 |
5,665 |
1,642 |
2,792 |
4,515 |
| Aerospace engineering |
220 |
191 |
29 |
81 |
139 |
| Agricultural engineering |
150 |
112 |
38 |
51 |
99 |
| Architecture |
14 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
9 |
| Biomedical engineering |
1,198 |
811 |
387 |
572 |
626 |
| Chemical engineering |
1,244 |
930 |
314 |
457 |
787 |
| Civil engineering |
629 |
454 |
175 |
251 |
378 |
| Electrical engineering |
1,179 |
992 |
187 |
432 |
747 |
| Engineering science, mechanics, and physics |
270 |
218 |
52 |
109 |
161 |
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
131 |
102 |
29 |
49 |
82 |
| Mechanical engineering |
1,058 |
882 |
176 |
391 |
667 |
| Metallurgical and materials engineering |
780 |
626 |
154 |
234 |
546 |
| Mining engineering |
15 |
11 |
4 |
5 |
10 |
| Nuclear engineering |
112 |
96 |
16 |
43 |
69 |
| Petroleum engineering |
66 |
51 |
15 |
21 |
45 |
| Engineering nec |
241 |
182 |
59 |
91 |
150 |
| Health |
18,970 |
9,873 |
9,097 |
9,642 |
9,328 |
| Clinical medicine |
16,216 |
8,457 |
7,759 |
8,207 |
8,009 |
| Anesthesiology |
434 |
271 |
163 |
191 |
243 |
| Cardiovascular science |
742 |
450 |
292 |
324 |
418 |
| Endocrinology |
435 |
215 |
220 |
195 |
240 |
| Gastroenterology |
318 |
163 |
155 |
129 |
189 |
| Hematology |
378 |
213 |
165 |
154 |
224 |
| Neurology |
1,124 |
563 |
561 |
524 |
600 |
| Obstetrics and gynecology |
325 |
147 |
178 |
165 |
160 |
| Oncology and cancer research |
1,840 |
1,011 |
829 |
749 |
1,091 |
| Ophthalmology |
574 |
318 |
256 |
200 |
374 |
| Otorhinolaryngology |
164 |
87 |
77 |
88 |
76 |
| Pediatrics |
1,512 |
610 |
902 |
930 |
582 |
| Preventive medicine and community health |
658 |
261 |
397 |
419 |
239 |
| Psychiatry |
1,095 |
390 |
705 |
817 |
278 |
| Pulmonary disease |
287 |
154 |
133 |
201 |
86 |
| Radiology |
990 |
647 |
343 |
371 |
619 |
| Surgery |
1,360 |
837 |
523 |
620 |
740 |
| Clinical medicine nec |
3,980 |
2,120 |
1,860 |
2,130 |
1,850 |
| Other health |
2,754 |
1,416 |
1,338 |
1,435 |
1,319 |
| Communication disorders sciences |
61 |
22 |
39 |
52 |
9 |
| Dental sciences |
328 |
181 |
147 |
130 |
198 |
| Nursing science |
82 |
9 |
73 |
68 |
14 |
| Pharmaceutical sciences |
1,016 |
630 |
386 |
438 |
578 |
| Veterinary sciences |
513 |
231 |
282 |
308 |
205 |
| Other health nec |
754 |
343 |
411 |
439 |
315 |
