Table 51. Doctorate-holding nonfaculty researchers in science, engineering, and health fields in all institutions, by detailed field and sex: 2009–14

Field and sex 2009 2010a 2011 2012 2013 2014oldb 2014newb
All surveyed fields 14,059 21,345 21,498 21,908 22,465 23,290 23,706
Male 8,795 12,927 13,105 13,250 13,617 14,099 14,314
Female 5,264 8,418 8,393 8,658 8,848 9,191 9,392
Science and engineering 10,435 15,157 15,675 15,761 16,426 17,027 17,419
Male 6,872 9,790 10,140 10,190 10,504 10,925 11,126
Female 3,563 5,367 5,535 5,571 5,922 6,102 6,293
Science 8,698 12,751 13,363 13,264 13,932 14,283 14,674
Male 5,421 7,819 8,245 8,167 8,534 8,777 8,977
Female 3,277 4,932 5,118 5,097 5,398 5,506 5,697
Agricultural sciences 431 572 581 567 550 609 616
Male 280 362 356 351 321 347 352
Female 151 210 225 216 229 262 264
Biological sciences 4,213 6,271 6,224 6,249 6,527 6,492 6,841
Male 2,244 3,353 3,323 3,326 3,475 3,512 3,687
Female 1,969 2,918 2,901 2,923 3,052 2,980 3,154
Anatomy 75 96 106 101 81 87 87
Male 32 42 47 51 42 50 50
Female 43 54 59 50 39 37 37
Biochemistry 523 619 652 708 728 708 708
Male 281 352 368 398 403 414 414
Female 242 267 284 310 325 294 294
Biology 434 790 639 598 609 587 587
Male 232 437 373 354 357 331 331
Female 202 353 266 244 252 256 256
Biometry and epidemiology 177 345 322 348 331 324 324
Male 75 121 128 147 145 138 138
Female 102 224 194 201 186 186 186
Biophysics 15 53 30 32 25 57 57
Male 8 35 20 22 17 34 34
Female 7 18 10 10 8 23 23
Botany and plant biology 154 187 216 260 201 236 236
Male 87 106 120 151 113 124 124
Female 67 81 96 109 88 112 112
Cell and molecular biology 448 611 607 627 599 583 611
Male 248 346 338 353 346 344 359
Female 200 265 269 274 253 239 252
Ecology 66 62 67 72 45 52 52
Male 48 48 51 53 38 39 39
Female 18 14 16 19 7 13 13
Entomology and parasitology 50 83 83 80 77 100 100
Male 32 54 56 52 52 69 69
Female 18 29 27 28 25 31 31
Genetics 254 329 312 320 339 402 402
Male 130 183 165 158 188 225 225
Female 124 146 147 162 151 177 177
Microbiology, immunology, and virology 562 779 800 822 802 810 822
Male 287 387 396 412 387 408 415
Female 275 392 404 410 415 402 407
Nutrition 66 149 160 153 155 166 166
Male 21 61 57 56 50 60 60
Female 45 88 103 97 105 106 106
Pathology 309 484 438 445 504 506 506
Male 157 262 233 237 271 251 251
Female 152 222 205 208 233 255 255
Pharmacology and toxicology 374 470 515 431 459 422 427
Male 195 242 255 209 236 222 226
Female 179 228 260 222 223 200 201
Physiology 339 507 532 479 556 490 507
Male 197 267 288 244 305 264 275
Female 142 240 244 235 251 226 232
Zoology 17 29 18 18 19 24 24
Male 4 15 7 6 8 12 12
Female 13 14 11 12 11 12 12
Biosciences nec 350 678 727 755 997 938 1,225
Male 210 395 421 423 517 527 665
Female 140 283 306 332 480 411 560
Communication 9 24 17 14 34 34 34
Male 5 13 10 10 14 17 17
Female 4 11 7 4 20 17 17
Computer sciences 331 318 326 349 459 450 450
Male 288 259 272 290 369 359 359
Female 43 59 54 59 90 91 91
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 774 1,362 1,625 1,513 1,518 1,499 1,500
Male 566 992 1,194 1,127 1,116 1,078 1,079
Female 208 370 431 386 402 421 421
Atmospheric sciences 190 250 310 319 291 325 325
Male 149 185 237 242 223 247 247
Female 41 65 73 77 68 78 78
Geosciences 312 502 529 523 594 571 571
Male 240 368 406 413 452 425 425
Female 72 134 123 110 142 146 146
Ocean sciences 178 300 405 334 310 314 315
Male 110 189 257 215 193 182 183
Female 68 111 148 119 117 132 132
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec 94 310 381 337 323 289 289
Male 67 250 294 257 248 224 224
Female 27 60 87 80 75 65 65
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 31 38 101 43 43 57 59
Male 10 10 20 11 7 18 19
Female 21 28 81 32 36 39 40
Mathematics and statistics 160 173 174 209 224 221 221
Male 118 124 121 130 164 172 172
Female 42 49 53 79 60 49 49
Mathematics and applied mathematics 153 159 162 190 202 195 195
Male 112 112 112 120 152 153 153
Female 41 47 50 70 50 42 42
Statistics 7 14 12 19 22 26 26
Male 6 12 9 10 12 19 19
Female 1 2 3 9 10 7 7
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies 231 467 509 497 538 658 661
Male 145 308 335 328 370 455 455
Female 86 159 174 169 168 203 206
Neurobiology and neuroscience 77 191 378 356 417 650 666
Male 43 92 201 201 238 326 336
Female 34 99 177 155 179 324 330
Physical sciences 1,773 2,251 2,322 2,296 2,312 2,433 2,445
Male 1,394 1,774 1,853 1,820 1,848 1,947 1,954
Female 379 477 469 476 464 486 491
Astronomy and astrophysics 352 400 381 380 386 416 416
Male 288 321 314 308 306 337 337
Female 64 79 67 72 80 79 79
Chemistry 766 944 997 911 871 928 940
Male 553 696 738 670 638 679 686
Female 213 248 259 241 233 249 254
Physics 611 825 857 916 959 1,003 1,003
Male 516 688 732 770 823 862 862
Female 95 137 125 146 136 141 141
Physical sciences nec 44 82 87 89 96 86 86
Male 37 69 69 72 81 69 69
Female 7 13 18 17 15 17 17
Psychology 291 467 434 431 457 411 411
Male 118 206 174 164 177 157 157
Female 173 261 260 267 280 254 254
Clinical psychology 32 31 21 17 31 23 23
Male 11 9 7 1 7 6 6
Female 21 22 14 16 24 17 17
Psychology, general 105 220 219 230 242 219 219
Male 48 91 93 98 102 90 90
Female 57 129 126 132 140 129 129
Psychology nec 154 216 194 184 184 169 169
Male 59 106 74 65 68 61 61
Female 95 110 120 119 116 108 108
Social sciences 377 617 672 740 853 769 770
Male 210 326 386 409 435 389 390
Female 167 291 286 331 418 380 380
Agricultural economics 31 34 22 21 25 29 29
Male 22 22 15 15 17 16 16
Female 9 12 7 6 8 13 13
Anthropology 75 67 81 101 103 90 90
Male 32 28 48 54 57 50 50
Female 43 39 33 47 46 40 40
Economics (except agricultural) 30 44 61 62 56 66 66
Male 20 32 44 45 40 44 44
Female 10 12 17 17 16 22 22
Geography 35 37 49 61 53 54 54
Male 29 26 31 41 32 40 40
Female 6 11 18 20 21 14 14
History and philosophy of science 8 9 15 18 12 9 9
Male 6 6 8 8 5 5 5
Female 2 3 7 10 7 4 4
Linguistics 10 29 13 13 18 12 12
Male 7 13 4 6 6 3 3
Female 3 16 9 7 12 9 9
Political science and government 37 143 221 229 309 285 285
Male 20 85 132 122 157 132 132
Female 17 58 89 107 152 153 153
Sociology 16 48 66 69 53 56 56
Male 10 28 35 28 22 20 20
Female 6 20 31 41 31 36 36
Sociology and anthropology 3 0 0 1 1 0 0
Male 2 0 0 1 1 0 0
Female 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Social sciences nec 132 206 144 165 223 168 169
Male 62 86 69 89 98 79 80
Female 70 120 75 76 125 89 89
Engineering 1,737 2,406 2,312 2,497 2,494 2,744 2,745
Male 1,451 1,971 1,895 2,023 1,970 2,148 2,149
Female 286 435 417 474 524 596 596
Aerospace engineering 40 58 35 49 40 43 43
Male 32 51 34 45 36 33 33
Female 8 7 1 4 4 10 10
Agricultural engineering 52 70 62 65 50 55 55
Male 41 51 43 46 30 37 37
Female 11 19 19 19 20 18 18
Architecture 6 15 11 11 10 5 5
Male 3 11 9 8 6 4 4
Female 3 4 2 3 4 1 1
Biomedical engineering 153 250 247 295 238 322 322
Male 104 169 168 194 154 211 211
Female 49 81 79 101 84 111 111
Chemical engineering 224 265 204 211 264 276 276
Male 182 217 165 167 196 207 207
Female 42 48 39 44 68 69 69
Civil engineering 181 256 278 298 296 313 313
Male 154 201 210 221 234 244 244
Female 27 55 68 77 62 69 69
Electrical engineering 296 395 406 405 431 459 459
Male 263 343 354 350 366 383 383
Female 33 52 52 55 65 76 76
Engineering science, mechanics, and physics 124 114 119 170 157 192 192
Male 97 89 93 139 117 144 144
Female 27 25 26 31 40 48 48
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 76 108 87 70 77 90 90
Male 57 83 71 61 62 76 76
Female 19 25 16 9 15 14 14
Mechanical engineering 246 355 318 389 403 437 438
Male 228 313 289 348 352 371 372
Female 18 42 29 41 51 66 66
Metallurgical and materials engineering 180 224 233 245 273 279 279
Male 152 192 197 203 219 225 225
Female 28 32 36 42 54 54 54
Mining engineering 1 7 4 10 10 8 8
Male 1 7 4 8 6 6 6
Female 0 0 0 2 4 2 2
Nuclear engineering 28 39 44 30 27 34 34
Male 26 34 37 25 21 27 27
Female 2 5 7 5 6 7 7
Petroleum engineering 17 23 36 40 40 63 63
Male 13 20 29 32 31 46 46
Female 4 3 7 8 9 17 17
Engineering nec 113 227 228 209 178 168 168
Male 98 190 192 176 140 134 134
Female 15 37 36 33 38 34 34
Health 3,624 6,188 5,823 6,147 6,039 6,263 6,287
Male 1,923 3,137 2,965 3,060 3,113 3,174 3,188
Female 1,701 3,051 2,858 3,087 2,926 3,089 3,099
Clinical medicine 2,983 5,011 4,830 5,074 4,985 5,084 5,098
Male 1,568 2,568 2,480 2,543 2,599 2,594 2,603
Female 1,415 2,443 2,350 2,531 2,386 2,490 2,495
Anesthesiology 69 137 140 138 128 143 143
Male 38 72 71 71 71 76 76
Female 31 65 69 67 57 67 67
Cardiovascular science 139 180 167 202 221 271 271
Male 76 99 92 102 110 144 144
Female 63 81 75 100 111 127 127
Endocrinology 94 106 87 110 106 118 118
Male 38 49 37 53 45 49 49
Female 56 57 50 57 61 69 69
Gastroenterology 59 73 60 77 92 96 96
Male 23 39 33 37 44 47 47
Female 36 34 27 40 48 49 49
Hematology 89 121 117 110 156 165 165
Male 48 59 62 62 67 77 77
Female 41 62 55 48 89 88 88
Neurology 179 302 205 221 255 329 329
Male 95 153 98 109 125 150 150
Female 84 149 107 112 130 179 179
Obstetrics and gynecology 48 80 80 72 98 121 121
Male 15 28 28 23 33 39 39
Female 33 52 52 49 65 82 82
Oncology and cancer research 437 465 631 665 650 511 511
Male 246 244 344 361 362 274 274
Female 191 221 287 304 288 237 237
Ophthalmology 127 210 206 246 212 231 231
Male 62 102 97 113 107 118 118
Female 65 108 109 133 105 113 113
Otorhinolaryngology 29 110 56 78 93 68 68
Male 15 65 31 35 53 32 32
Female 14 45 25 43 40 36 36
Pediatrics 211 573 533 485 470 420 420
Male 97 279 262 224 218 198 198
Female 114 294 271 261 252 222 222
Preventive medicine and community health 185 562 563 601 508 546 546
Male 71 256 250 249 230 236 236
Female 114 306 313 352 278 310 310
Psychiatry 140 252 218 234 159 169 169
Male 71 97 90 88 71 77 77
Female 69 155 128 146 88 92 92
Pulmonary disease 50 92 96 107 93 99 99
Male 27 51 58 61 53 49 49
Female 23 41 38 46 40 50 50
Radiology 188 273 293 347 343 336 336
Male 126 175 193 229 239 230 230
Female 62 98 100 118 104 106 106
Surgery 305 465 355 429 386 430 430
Male 196 295 218 268 243 269 269
Female 109 170 137 161 143 161 161
Clinical medicine nec 634 1,010 1,023 952 1,015 1,031 1,045
Male 324 505 516 458 528 529 538
Female 310 505 507 494 487 502 507
Other health 641 1,177 993 1,073 1,054 1,179 1,189
Male 355 569 485 517 514 580 585
Female 286 608 508 556 540 599 604
Communication disorders sciences 53 36 38 37 66 68 68
Male 27 17 16 16 28 29 29
Female 26 19 22 21 38 39 39
Dental sciences 55 116 94 85 72 82 82
Male 32 53 37 38 39 45 45
Female 23 63 57 47 33 37 37
Nursing science 31 113 79 92 53 56 56
Male 15 20 22 24 12 11 11
Female 16 93 57 68 41 45 45
Pharmaceutical sciences 205 305 270 307 307 340 347
Male 133 176 158 186 181 207 210
Female 72 129 112 121 126 133 137
Veterinary sciences 183 300 254 250 267 247 250
Male 96 154 132 116 113 107 109
Female 87 146 122 134 154 140 141
Other health nec 114 307 258 302 289 386 386
Male 52 149 120 137 141 181 181
Female 62 158 138 165 148 205 205