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Table 52. Doctorate-holding nonfaculty researchers in science, engineering, and health fields in doctorate-granting institutions, by detailed field and sex: 2009–14

Field and sex 2009 2010a 2011 2012 2013 2014oldb 2014newb
All surveyed fields 14,029 21,287 21,453 21,872 22,397 23,235 23,642
Male 8,772 12,886 13,069 13,231 13,573 14,062 14,272
Female 5,257 8,401 8,384 8,641 8,824 9,173 9,370
Science and engineering 10,406 15,101 15,637 15,742 16,365 16,980 17,368
Male 6,850 9,751 10,107 10,177 10,464 10,892 11,092
Female 3,556 5,350 5,530 5,565 5,901 6,088 6,276
Science 8,670 12,698 13,337 13,252 13,880 14,245 14,632
Male 5,400 7,782 8,223 8,160 8,502 8,751 8,950
Female 3,270 4,916 5,114 5,092 5,378 5,494 5,682
Agricultural sciences 430 571 581 567 544 606 613
Male 279 362 356 351 315 345 350
Female 151 209 225 216 229 261 263
Biological sciences 4,207 6,249 6,215 6,247 6,515 6,484 6,833
Male 2,240 3,338 3,316 3,324 3,469 3,507 3,682
Female 1,967 2,911 2,899 2,923 3,046 2,977 3,151
Anatomy 75 96 106 101 81 87 87
Male 32 42 47 51 42 50 50
Female 43 54 59 50 39 37 37
Biochemistry 520 618 651 706 728 707 707
Male 278 351 367 396 403 413 413
Female 242 267 284 310 325 294 294
Biology 431 786 638 598 600 582 582
Male 231 435 372 354 353 328 328
Female 200 351 266 244 247 254 254
Biometry and epidemiology 177 345 322 348 331 324 324
Male 75 121 128 147 145 138 138
Female 102 224 194 201 186 186 186
Biophysics 15 53 30 32 25 57 57
Male 8 35 20 22 17 34 34
Female 7 18 10 10 8 23 23
Botany and plant biology 154 187 216 260 201 236 236
Male 87 106 120 151 113 124 124
Female 67 81 96 109 88 112 112
Cell and molecular biology 448 609 600 627 599 582 610
Male 248 346 333 353 346 344 359
Female 200 263 267 274 253 238 251
Ecology 66 62 67 72 45 52 52
Male 48 48 51 53 38 39 39
Female 18 14 16 19 7 13 13
Entomology and parasitology 50 83 83 80 77 100 100
Male 32 54 56 52 52 69 69
Female 18 29 27 28 25 31 31
Genetics 254 329 312 320 339 402 402
Male 130 183 165 158 188 225 225
Female 124 146 147 162 151 177 177
Microbiology, immunology, and virology 562 778 800 822 802 810 822
Male 287 387 396 412 387 408 415
Female 275 391 404 410 415 402 407
Nutrition 66 149 160 153 155 166 166
Male 21 61 57 56 50 60 60
Female 45 88 103 97 105 106 106
Pathology 309 484 438 445 504 506 506
Male 157 262 233 237 271 251 251
Female 152 222 205 208 233 255 255
Pharmacology and toxicology 374 470 515 431 459 422 427
Male 195 242 255 209 236 222 226
Female 179 228 260 222 223 200 201
Physiology 339 506 532 479 555 489 506
Male 197 267 288 244 304 263 274
Female 142 239 244 235 251 226 232
Zoology 17 29 18 18 19 24 24
Male 4 15 7 6 8 12 12
Female 13 14 11 12 11 12 12
Biosciences nec 350 665 727 755 995 938 1,225
Male 210 383 421 423 516 527 665
Female 140 282 306 332 479 411 560
Communication 7 24 15 14 34 31 31
Male 3 13 8 10 14 14 14
Female 4 11 7 4 20 17 17
Computer sciences 325 313 326 349 458 445 445
Male 283 255 272 290 368 356 356
Female 42 58 54 59 90 89 89
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 772 1,358 1,620 1,509 1,509 1,498 1,498
Male 565 988 1,189 1,125 1,110 1,077 1,077
Female 207 370 431 384 399 421 421
Atmospheric sciences 190 250 310 318 291 325 325
Male 149 185 237 242 223 247 247
Female 41 65 73 76 68 78 78
Geosciences 311 501 528 522 585 570 570
Male 239 367 405 413 446 424 424
Female 72 134 123 109 139 146 146
Ocean sciences 178 299 401 332 310 314 314
Male 110 188 253 213 193 182 182
Female 68 111 148 119 117 132 132
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec 93 308 381 337 323 289 289
Male 67 248 294 257 248 224 224
Female 26 60 87 80 75 65 65
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 31 38 101 43 43 57 59
Male 10 10 20 11 7 18 19
Female 21 28 81 32 36 39 40
Mathematics and statistics 160 172 174 209 224 221 221
Male 118 123 121 130 164 172 172
Female 42 49 53 79 60 49 49
Mathematics and applied mathematics 153 158 162 190 202 195 195
Male 112 111 112 120 152 153 153
Female 41 47 50 70 50 42 42
Statistics 7 14 12 19 22 26 26
Male 6 12 9 10 12 19 19
Female 1 2 3 9 10 7 7
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies 231 465 509 497 537 658 658
Male 145 306 335 328 369 455 455
Female 86 159 174 169 168 203 203
Neurobiology and neuroscience 77 190 378 356 417 649 665
Male 43 91 201 201 238 326 336
Female 34 99 177 155 179 323 329
Physical sciences 1,763 2,240 2,320 2,294 2,302 2,420 2,432
Male 1,387 1,768 1,851 1,818 1,839 1,936 1,943
Female 376 472 469 476 463 484 489
Astronomy and astrophysics 352 400 381 380 386 414 414
Male 288 321 314 308 306 336 336
Female 64 79 67 72 80 78 78
Chemistry 759 935 997 910 869 920 932
Male 549 692 738 669 637 672 679
Female 210 243 259 241 232 248 253
Physics 608 823 855 915 951 1,000 1,000
Male 513 686 730 769 815 859 859
Female 95 137 125 146 136 141 141
Physical sciences nec 44 82 87 89 96 86 86
Male 37 69 69 72 81 69 69
Female 7 13 18 17 15 17 17
Psychology 290 464 432 430 448 410 410
Male 117 204 172 164 174 157 157
Female 173 260 260 266 274 253 253
Clinical psychology 32 31 21 17 31 23 23
Male 11 9 7 1 7 6 6
Female 21 22 14 16 24 17 17
Psychology, general 104 217 217 229 233 218 218
Male 47 89 91 98 99 90 90
Female 57 128 126 131 134 128 128
Psychology nec 154 216 194 184 184 169 169
Male 59 106 74 65 68 61 61
Female 95 110 120 119 116 108 108
Social sciences 377 614 666 737 849 766 767
Male 210 324 382 408 435 388 389
Female 167 290 284 329 414 378 378
Agricultural economics 31 34 22 21 25 29 29
Male 22 22 15 15 17 16 16
Female 9 12 7 6 8 13 13
Anthropology 75 67 81 101 103 90 90
Male 32 28 48 54 57 50 50
Female 43 39 33 47 46 40 40
Economics (except agricultural) 30 42 56 61 56 66 66
Male 20 31 40 45 40 44 44
Female 10 11 16 16 16 22 22
Geography 35 36 49 61 52 54 54
Male 29 25 31 41 32 40 40
Female 6 11 18 20 20 14 14
History and philosophy of science 8 9 15 18 12 9 9
Male 6 6 8 8 5 5 5
Female 2 3 7 10 7 4 4
Linguistics 10 29 13 13 17 12 12
Male 7 13 4 6 6 3 3
Female 3 16 9 7 11 9 9
Political science and government 37 143 221 229 309 283 283
Male 20 85 132 122 157 131 131
Female 17 58 89 107 152 152 152
Sociology 16 48 66 69 53 56 56
Male 10 28 35 28 22 20 20
Female 6 20 31 41 31 36 36
Sociology and anthropology 3 0 0 1 1 0 0
Male 2 0 0 1 1 0 0
Female 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Social sciences nec 132 206 143 163 221 167 168
Male 62 86 69 88 98 79 80
Female 70 120 74 75 123 88 88
Engineering 1,736 2,403 2,300 2,490 2,485 2,735 2,736
Male 1,450 1,969 1,884 2,017 1,962 2,141 2,142
Female 286 434 416 473 523 594 594
Aerospace engineering 40 58 35 49 40 43 43
Male 32 51 34 45 36 33 33
Female 8 7 1 4 4 10 10
Agricultural engineering 52 70 62 65 50 55 55
Male 41 51 43 46 30 37 37
Female 11 19 19 19 20 18 18
Architecture 6 15 11 11 10 5 5
Male 3 11 9 8 6 4 4
Female 3 4 2 3 4 1 1
Biomedical engineering 153 250 247 295 238 322 322
Male 104 169 168 194 154 211 211
Female 49 81 79 101 84 111 111
Chemical engineering 224 265 204 211 264 276 276
Male 182 217 165 167 196 207 207
Female 42 48 39 44 68 69 69
Civil engineering 180 254 274 298 295 310 310
Male 153 199 206 221 233 243 243
Female 27 55 68 77 62 67 67
Electrical engineering 296 394 406 405 429 459 459
Male 263 343 354 350 365 383 383
Female 33 51 52 55 64 76 76
Engineering science, mechanics, and physics 124 114 119 170 157 192 192
Male 97 89 93 139 117 144 144
Female 27 25 26 31 40 48 48
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 76 108 87 70 77 90 90
Male 57 83 71 61 62 76 76
Female 19 25 16 9 15 14 14
Mechanical engineering 246 355 318 389 403 437 438
Male 228 313 289 348 352 371 372
Female 18 42 29 41 51 66 66
Metallurgical and materials engineering 180 224 225 238 267 273 273
Male 152 192 190 197 213 219 219
Female 28 32 35 41 54 54 54
Mining engineering 1 7 4 10 10 8 8
Male 1 7 4 8 6 6 6
Female 0 0 0 2 4 2 2
Nuclear engineering 28 39 44 30 27 34 34
Male 26 34 37 25 21 27 27
Female 2 5 7 5 6 7 7
Petroleum engineering 17 23 36 40 40 63 63
Male 13 20 29 32 31 46 46
Female 4 3 7 8 9 17 17
Engineering nec 113 227 228 209 178 168 168
Male 98 190 192 176 140 134 134
Female 15 37 36 33 38 34 34
Health 3,623 6,186 5,816 6,130 6,032 6,255 6,274
Male 1,922 3,135 2,962 3,054 3,109 3,170 3,180
Female 1,701 3,051 2,854 3,076 2,923 3,085 3,094
Clinical medicine 2,983 5,011 4,827 5,070 4,983 5,082 5,096
Male 1,568 2,568 2,479 2,542 2,598 2,594 2,603
Female 1,415 2,443 2,348 2,528 2,385 2,488 2,493
Anesthesiology 69 137 140 138 128 143 143
Male 38 72 71 71 71 76 76
Female 31 65 69 67 57 67 67
Cardiovascular science 139 180 167 202 221 271 271
Male 76 99 92 102 110 144 144
Female 63 81 75 100 111 127 127
Endocrinology 94 106 87 110 104 118 118
Male 38 49 37 53 44 49 49
Female 56 57 50 57 60 69 69
Gastroenterology 59 73 60 77 92 96 96
Male 23 39 33 37 44 47 47
Female 36 34 27 40 48 49 49
Hematology 89 121 117 110 156 165 165
Male 48 59 62 62 67 77 77
Female 41 62 55 48 89 88 88
Neurology 179 302 205 221 255 329 329
Male 95 153 98 109 125 150 150
Female 84 149 107 112 130 179 179
Obstetrics and gynecology 48 80 80 72 98 121 121
Male 15 28 28 23 33 39 39
Female 33 52 52 49 65 82 82
Oncology and cancer research 437 465 629 661 650 509 509
Male 246 244 343 360 362 274 274
Female 191 221 286 301 288 235 235
Ophthalmology 127 210 206 246 212 231 231
Male 62 102 97 113 107 118 118
Female 65 108 109 133 105 113 113
Otorhinolaryngology 29 110 56 78 93 68 68
Male 15 65 31 35 53 32 32
Female 14 45 25 43 40 36 36
Pediatrics 211 573 533 485 470 420 420
Male 97 279 262 224 218 198 198
Female 114 294 271 261 252 222 222
Preventive medicine and community health 185 562 562 601 508 546 546
Male 71 256 250 249 230 236 236
Female 114 306 312 352 278 310 310
Psychiatry 140 252 218 234 159 169 169
Male 71 97 90 88 71 77 77
Female 69 155 128 146 88 92 92
Pulmonary disease 50 92 96 107 93 99 99
Male 27 51 58 61 53 49 49
Female 23 41 38 46 40 50 50
Radiology 188 273 293 347 343 336 336
Male 126 175 193 229 239 230 230
Female 62 98 100 118 104 106 106
Surgery 305 465 355 429 386 430 430
Male 196 295 218 268 243 269 269
Female 109 170 137 161 143 161 161
Clinical medicine nec 634 1,010 1,023 952 1,015 1,031 1,045
Male 324 505 516 458 528 529 538
Female 310 505 507 494 487 502 507
Other health 640 1,175 989 1,060 1,049 1,173 1,178
Male 354 567 483 512 511 576 577
Female 286 608 506 548 538 597 601
Communication disorders sciences 53 35 38 36 66 68 68
Male 27 16 16 16 28 29 29
Female 26 19 22 20 38 39 39
Dental sciences 55 116 94 85 72 82 82
Male 32 53 37 38 39 45 45
Female 23 63 57 47 33 37 37
Nursing science 31 113 79 92 53 56 56
Male 15 20 22 24 12 11 11
Female 16 93 57 68 41 45 45
Pharmaceutical sciences 204 304 266 303 303 338 343
Male 132 175 156 184 178 206 207
Female 72 129 110 119 125 132 136
Veterinary sciences 183 300 254 250 267 247 247
Male 96 154 132 116 113 107 107
Female 87 146 122 134 154 140 140
Other health nec 114 307 258 294 288 382 382
Male 52 149 120 134 141 178 178
Female 62 158 138 160 147 204 204
a In 2010, the postdoc section of the survey was expanded, and significant effort was made to ensure that appropriate personnel were providing postdoc and nonfaculty doctorate researcher data (see "Technical Notes" at http://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/gradpostdoc/2014/ for more information). Thus, it is unclear how much of the increases in 2010 and later years over 2009 and prior years are from growth in nonfaculty doctorate researchers and how much are from improved data collection. More information on the nonfaculty doctorate researcher data is available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2015/nsf15201.
b In 2014, the survey frame was updated following a comprehensive frame evaluation study. The study identified potentially eligible but not previously surveyed academic institutions in the United States with master's- or doctorate-granting programs in science, engineering, or health. A total of 151 newly eligible institutions were added, and two private for-profit institutions offering mostly practitioner-based graduate degrees were determined to be ineligible.
NOTE: "Field" refers to the field of the unit that reports nonfaculty doctorate researchers to the Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2014.