Table 38. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, sex, and citizenship: 2015

Field Total Sex Citizenship
Male Female U.S. citizens and permanent residents Temporary visa holders
All surveyed fields 63,861 38,566 25,295 28,726 35,135
Science and engineering 45,295 28,970 16,325 19,593 25,702
Science 37,639 23,011 14,628 17,072 20,567
Agricultural sciences 1,525 880 645 761 764
Biological sciences 19,304 10,825 8,479 8,538 10,766
Anatomy 202 109 93 82 120
Biochemistry 1,874 1,166 708 767 1,107
Biology 2,131 1,207 924 1,085 1,046
Biometry and epidemiology 649 347 302 340 309
Biophysics 144 100 44 56 88
Botany and plant biology 640 382 258 319 321
Cell and molecular biology 2,380 1,330 1,050 988 1,392
Ecology 137 81 56 93 44
Entomology and parasitology 289 157 132 154 135
Genetics 1,410 796 614 602 808
Microbiology, immunology, and virology 2,206 1,165 1,041 1,032 1,174
Nutrition 250 83 167 119 131
Pathology 1,407 771 636 571 836
Pharmacology and toxicology 1,253 705 548 569 684
Physiology 1,350 744 606 594 756
Zoology 51 32 19 38 13
Biosciences nec 2,931 1,650 1,281 1,129 1,802
Communication 83 47 36 44 39
Computer sciences 888 722 166 319 569
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 2,129 1,313 816 1,152 977
Atmospheric sciences 180 121 59 72 108
Geosciences 744 481 263 342 402
Ocean sciences 457 252 205 276 181
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec 748 459 289 462 286
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 103 33 70 81 22
Mathematics and statistics 1,011 804 207 393 618
Mathematics and applied mathematics 873 692 181 351 522
Statistics 138 112 26 42 96
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies 972 591 381 525 447
Neurobiology and neuroscience 1,957 1,092 865 931 1,026
Physical sciences 7,358 5,680 1,678 2,753 4,605
Astronomy and astrophysics 418 299 119 201 217
Chemistry 3,840 2,878 962 1,384 2,456
Physics 2,779 2,255 524 1,029 1,750
Physical sciences nec 321 248 73 139 182
Psychology 1,130 467 663 791 339
Clinical psychology 93 30 63 82 11
Psychology, general 634 274 360 433 201
Psychology nec 403 163 240 276 127
Social sciences 1,179 557 622 784 395
Agricultural economics 61 29 32 29 32
Anthropology 174 78 96 132 42
Economics (except agricultural) 95 64 31 44 51
Geography 96 52 44 47 49
History and philosophy of science 12 7 5 6 6
Linguistics 47 19 28 27 20
Political science and government 313 164 149 202 111
Sociology 104 34 70 83 21
Sociology and anthropology 2 1 1 2 0
Social sciences nec 275 109 166 212 63
Engineering 7,656 5,959 1,697 2,521 5,135
Aerospace engineering 217 187 30 70 147
Agricultural engineering 221 167 54 80 141
Architecture 17 9 8 10 7
Biomedical engineering 1,201 806 395 550 651
Chemical engineering 1,283 956 327 420 863
Civil engineering 670 496 174 269 401
Electrical engineering 1,160 1,008 152 287 873
Engineering science, mechanics, and physics 251 201 50 85 166
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 142 110 32 51 91
Mechanical engineering 1,161 961 200 358 803
Metallurgical and materials engineering 911 725 186 207 704
Mining engineering 15 12 3 4 11
Nuclear engineering 107 92 15 32 75
Petroleum engineering 73 62 11 12 61
Engineering nec 227 167 60 86 141
Health 18,566 9,596 8,970 9,133 9,433
Clinical medicine 15,850 8,206 7,644 7,830 8,020
Anesthesiology 433 256 177 181 252
Cardiovascular science 825 506 319 384 441
Endocrinology 414 204 210 183 231
Gastroenterology 299 155 144 121 178
Hematology 356 196 160 135 221
Neurology 1,035 521 514 471 564
Obstetrics and gynecology 287 130 157 143 144
Oncology and cancer research 1,788 969 819 720 1,068
Ophthalmology 568 316 252 186 382
Otorhinolaryngology 169 91 78 84 85
Pediatrics 1,309 532 777 726 583
Preventive medicine and community health 704 279 425 470 234
Psychiatry 1,084 394 690 799 285
Pulmonary disease 305 160 145 193 112
Radiology 1,012 636 376 398 614
Surgery 1,267 767 500 551 716
Clinical medicine nec 3,995 2,094 1,901 2,085 1,910
Other health 2,716 1,390 1,326 1,303 1,413
Communication disorders sciences 77 22 55 53 24
Dental sciences 307 166 141 125 182
Nursing science 75 13 62 62 13
Pharmaceutical sciences 999 613 386 395 604
Veterinary sciences 541 240 301 308 233
Other health nec 717 336 381 360 357