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Table 7. U.S. citizen and permanent resident, full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field: 1980–2016

Year All science, engineering, and health Science and engineering Health
Total Science Engineering Total Clinical medicine Other healtha
1980 188,114 166,158 141,405 24,753 21,956 5,075 16,881
1981 187,574 165,623 139,558 26,065 21,951 4,917 17,034
1982 187,290 166,705 138,209 28,496 20,585 4,437 16,148
1983 190,091 169,889 138,714 31,175 20,202 4,411 15,791
1984 190,477 169,870 137,903 31,967 20,607 4,456 16,151
1985 189,043 168,239 136,402 31,837 20,804 4,513 16,291
1986 191,099 170,382 137,132 33,250 20,717 4,500 16,217
1987 192,262 171,095 137,154 33,941 21,167 4,732 16,435
1988 191,656 170,144 136,619 33,525 21,512 5,008 16,504
1989 195,878 173,343 139,256 34,087 22,535 5,181 17,354
1990 201,632 177,747 143,255 34,492 23,885 5,477 18,408
1991 211,562 185,408 148,329 37,079 26,154 5,748 20,406
1992 225,836 197,399 157,510 39,889 28,437 6,541 21,896
1993 236,291 204,405 163,195 41,210 31,886 7,368 24,518
1994 242,265 206,809 165,657 41,152 35,456 7,901 27,555
1995 242,572 204,113 165,521 38,592 38,459 8,545 29,914
1996 241,160 200,674 164,198 36,476 40,486 8,476 32,010
1997 238,582 195,974 161,097 34,877 42,608 8,982 33,626
1998 236,368 191,945 158,559 33,386 44,423 9,661 34,762
1999 236,247 190,076 157,735 32,341 46,171 10,104 36,067
2000 231,010 185,613 154,545 31,068 45,397 9,696 35,701
2001 233,563 188,135 156,352 31,783 45,428 10,076 35,352
2002 247,608 200,097 164,856 35,241 47,511 11,031 36,480
2003 265,067 212,855 173,624 39,231 52,212 12,469 39,743
2004 273,236 217,345 178,463 38,882 55,891 12,822 43,069
2005 279,275 220,842 181,990 38,852 58,433 12,961 45,472
2006 287,684 225,338 185,004 40,334 62,346 14,222 48,124
2007oldb 294,556 233,343 191,167 42,176 61,213 14,936 46,277
2007newb 299,716 240,319 197,473 42,846 59,397 13,290 46,107
2008 304,912 245,691 201,142 44,549 59,221 14,639 44,582
2009 307,192 256,503 207,858 48,645 50,689 14,349 36,340
2010 309,475 263,871 211,598 52,273 45,604 15,489 30,115
2011 302,034 262,043 212,624 49,419 39,991 15,483 24,508
2012 297,497 258,477 211,116 47,361 39,020 15,029 23,991
2013 294,147 256,211 209,409 46,802 37,936 15,092 22,844
2014oldc 289,575 251,858 206,413 45,445 37,717 15,023 22,694
2014newc 292,255 253,886 208,099 45,787 38,369 15,034 23,335
2015 293,473 253,503 208,579 44,924 39,970 16,126 23,844
2016 291,768 252,713 207,228 45,485 39,055 15,495 23,560
a Beginning in 2008, more rigorous follow-up was done with institutions regarding the exclusion of practitioner-oriented graduate degree programs in Psychology and in Other health (a subfield of health). This change may affect interpretation of trends in these fields.
b In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. See appendix A in https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
c In 2014, the survey frame was updated following a comprehensive frame evaluation study. The study identified potentially eligible but not previously surveyed academic institutions in the United States with master's- or doctorate-granting programs in science, engineering, or health. A total of 151 newly eligible institutions were added, and two private for-profit institutions offering mostly practitioner-based graduate degrees were determined to be ineligible.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.