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Table 8. Full-time graduate students with temporary visas in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by field: 1980–2016

Year
All science, engineering, and health
Science and engineering
Health
Total
Science
Engineering
Total
Clinical medicine
Other healtha
1980 50,302 48,259 30,362 17,897 2,043 699 1,344
1981 54,475 52,329 32,642 19,687 2,146 705 1,441
1982 57,467 55,169 33,881 21,288 2,298 846 1,452
1983 61,926 59,515 36,758 22,757 2,411 907 1,504
1984 63,445 61,087 37,863 23,224 2,358 807 1,551
1985 68,244 65,699 41,618 24,081 2,545 1,012 1,533
1986 75,069 72,347 45,400 26,947 2,722 1,054 1,668
1987 78,794 76,010 47,989 28,021 2,784 1,101 1,683
1988 83,471 80,413 50,906 29,507 3,058 1,190 1,868
1989 86,770 83,477 53,168 30,309 3,293 1,252 2,041
1990 91,150 87,576 56,058 31,518 3,574 1,424 2,150
1991 95,448 91,662 57,707 33,955 3,786 1,475 2,311
1992 96,719 93,009 58,455 34,554 3,710 1,412 2,298
1993 93,353 89,500 56,902 32,598 3,853 1,465 2,388
1994 89,823 86,170 55,752 30,418 3,653 1,325 2,328
1995 86,711 83,058 53,868 29,190 3,653 1,232 2,421
1996 87,376 83,365 53,982 29,383 4,011 1,327 2,684
1997 88,707 84,695 53,884 30,811 4,012 1,230 2,782
1998 91,021 86,998 54,949 32,049 4,023 1,283 2,740
1999 98,176 93,817 58,135 35,682 4,359 1,450 2,909
2000 110,273 105,742 64,534 41,208 4,531 1,333 3,198
2001 120,959 115,886 70,221 45,665 5,073 1,746 3,327
2002 131,383 125,375 75,164 50,211 6,008 2,303 3,705
2003 132,353 126,173 75,188 50,985 6,180 2,273 3,907
2004 129,337 123,184 75,111 48,073 6,153 2,177 3,976
2005 127,345 120,900 75,293 45,607 6,445 2,141 4,304
2006 131,331 124,464 76,980 47,484 6,867 2,345 4,522
2007oldb 136,304 129,633 78,654 50,979 6,671 2,515 4,156
2007newb 137,649 131,223 79,756 51,467 6,426 2,188 4,238
2008 144,701 137,869 84,163 53,706 6,832 2,326 4,506
2009 148,923 141,995 85,703 56,292 6,928 2,376 4,552
2010 151,710 145,236 87,717 57,519 6,474 2,215 4,259
2011 155,258 149,125 90,391 58,734 6,133 2,370 3,763
2012 162,001 155,907 93,679 62,228 6,094 2,166 3,928
2013 174,806 168,297 100,347 67,950 6,509 2,316 4,193
2014oldc 195,305 188,665 111,468 77,197 6,640 2,407 4,233
2014newc 199,915 193,210 114,615 78,595 6,705 2,406 4,299
2015 212,789 205,902 122,714 83,188 6,887 2,439 4,448
2016 217,005 210,260 127,542 82,718 6,745 2,318 4,427
a Beginning in 2008, more rigorous follow-up was done with institutions regarding the exclusion of practitioner-oriented graduate degree programs in Psychology and in Other health (a subfield of health). This change may affect interpretation of trends in these fields.
b In 2007, eligible fields were reclassified, newly eligible fields were added, and the survey was redesigned to improve coverage and coding of eligible units. "2007new" presents data as collected in 2007; "2007old" shows data as they would have been collected in prior years. See appendix A in https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf10307/ for more detail.
c In 2014, the survey frame was updated following a comprehensive frame evaluation study. The study identified potentially eligible but not previously surveyed academic institutions in the United States with master's- or doctorate-granting programs in science, engineering, or health. A total of 151 newly eligible institutions were added, and two private for-profit institutions offering mostly practitioner-based graduate degrees were determined to be ineligible.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering.