Table 40. Postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field and primary mechanism of support: 2016
| Field |
Total |
Fellowships |
Research grants |
Traineeships |
Other types of support |
| All surveyed fields |
64,712 |
5,973 |
40,542 |
3,778 |
14,419 |
| Science and engineering |
45,737 |
3,889 |
31,186 |
1,741 |
8,921 |
| Science |
37,941 |
3,415 |
25,352 |
1,639 |
7,535 |
| Agricultural sciences |
1,484 |
63 |
1,045 |
25 |
351 |
| Biological sciences |
19,427 |
1,677 |
13,077 |
1,071 |
3,602 |
| Anatomy |
184 |
13 |
122 |
7 |
42 |
| Biochemistry |
1,776 |
121 |
1,206 |
73 |
376 |
| Biology |
2,094 |
321 |
1,367 |
58 |
348 |
| Biometry and epidemiology |
676 |
53 |
381 |
129 |
113 |
| Biophysics |
148 |
19 |
94 |
0 |
35 |
| Botany and plant biology |
648 |
8 |
511 |
12 |
117 |
| Cell and molecular biology |
2,310 |
286 |
1,573 |
92 |
359 |
| Ecology |
154 |
13 |
92 |
5 |
44 |
| Entomology and parasitology |
254 |
17 |
161 |
0 |
76 |
| Genetics |
1,566 |
125 |
1,044 |
79 |
318 |
| Microbiology, immunology, and virology |
2,139 |
180 |
1,436 |
172 |
351 |
| Nutrition |
265 |
4 |
182 |
18 |
61 |
| Pathology |
1,264 |
140 |
765 |
80 |
279 |
| Pharmacology and toxicology |
1,193 |
77 |
832 |
109 |
175 |
| Physiology |
1,494 |
119 |
953 |
136 |
286 |
| Zoology |
46 |
8 |
26 |
8 |
4 |
| Biosciences nec |
3,216 |
173 |
2,332 |
93 |
618 |
| Communication |
86 |
11 |
58 |
1 |
16 |
| Computer sciences |
914 |
54 |
653 |
4 |
203 |
| Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences |
2,104 |
246 |
1,474 |
43 |
341 |
| Atmospheric sciences |
254 |
28 |
198 |
1 |
27 |
| Geosciences |
688 |
80 |
482 |
12 |
114 |
| Ocean sciences |
429 |
36 |
312 |
20 |
61 |
| Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec |
733 |
102 |
482 |
10 |
139 |
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences |
116 |
7 |
49 |
18 |
42 |
| Mathematics and statistics |
1,005 |
106 |
400 |
112 |
387 |
| Mathematics and applied mathematics |
887 |
99 |
317 |
112 |
359 |
| Statistics |
118 |
7 |
83 |
0 |
28 |
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies |
1,095 |
98 |
760 |
72 |
165 |
| Neurobiology and neuroscience |
2,071 |
214 |
1,378 |
96 |
383 |
| Physical sciences |
7,269 |
598 |
5,227 |
95 |
1,349 |
| Astronomy and astrophysics |
440 |
64 |
285 |
2 |
89 |
| Chemistry |
3,742 |
320 |
2,644 |
68 |
710 |
| Physics |
2,819 |
177 |
2,104 |
25 |
513 |
| Physical sciences nec |
268 |
37 |
194 |
0 |
37 |
| Psychology |
1,177 |
163 |
767 |
40 |
207 |
| Clinical psychology |
76 |
21 |
35 |
3 |
17 |
| Psychology, general |
721 |
64 |
492 |
27 |
138 |
| Psychology nec |
380 |
78 |
240 |
10 |
52 |
| Social sciences |
1,193 |
178 |
464 |
62 |
489 |
| Agricultural economics |
64 |
4 |
34 |
0 |
26 |
| Anthropology |
152 |
22 |
66 |
0 |
64 |
| Economics (except agricultural) |
89 |
12 |
32 |
0 |
45 |
| Geography |
99 |
15 |
67 |
0 |
17 |
| History and philosophy of science |
11 |
8 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
| Linguistics |
38 |
11 |
19 |
0 |
8 |
| Political science and government |
319 |
48 |
99 |
29 |
143 |
| Sociology |
112 |
25 |
39 |
13 |
35 |
| Sociology and anthropology |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
| Social sciences nec |
306 |
33 |
106 |
20 |
147 |
| Engineering |
7,796 |
474 |
5,834 |
102 |
1,386 |
| Aerospace engineering |
201 |
19 |
138 |
0 |
44 |
| Agricultural engineering |
165 |
1 |
123 |
1 |
40 |
| Architecture |
16 |
2 |
12 |
1 |
1 |
| Biomedical engineering |
1,278 |
87 |
942 |
51 |
198 |
| Chemical engineering |
1,218 |
52 |
903 |
22 |
241 |
| Civil engineering |
706 |
39 |
535 |
1 |
131 |
| Electrical engineering |
1,186 |
95 |
886 |
9 |
196 |
| Engineering science, mechanics, and physics |
284 |
42 |
189 |
0 |
53 |
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
130 |
7 |
93 |
0 |
30 |
| Mechanical engineering |
1,080 |
48 |
813 |
7 |
212 |
| Metallurgical and materials engineering |
882 |
47 |
685 |
10 |
140 |
| Mining engineering |
10 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
6 |
| Nuclear engineering |
100 |
10 |
83 |
0 |
7 |
| Petroleum engineering |
72 |
2 |
60 |
0 |
10 |
| Engineering nec |
468 |
23 |
368 |
0 |
77 |
| Health |
18,975 |
2,084 |
9,356 |
2,037 |
5,498 |
| Clinical medicine |
16,165 |
1,736 |
7,797 |
1,802 |
4,830 |
| Anesthesiology |
424 |
34 |
217 |
50 |
123 |
| Cardiovascular science |
716 |
83 |
349 |
104 |
180 |
| Endocrinology |
355 |
56 |
166 |
43 |
90 |
| Gastroenterology |
304 |
27 |
124 |
53 |
100 |
| Hematology |
316 |
23 |
154 |
25 |
114 |
| Neurology |
1,027 |
101 |
587 |
73 |
266 |
| Obstetrics and gynecology |
297 |
66 |
139 |
16 |
76 |
| Oncology and cancer research |
2,206 |
221 |
1,010 |
92 |
883 |
| Ophthalmology |
567 |
34 |
364 |
27 |
142 |
| Otorhinolaryngology |
207 |
9 |
117 |
42 |
39 |
| Pediatrics |
1,191 |
245 |
551 |
161 |
234 |
| Preventive medicine and community health |
796 |
90 |
447 |
95 |
164 |
| Psychiatry |
1,060 |
98 |
427 |
229 |
306 |
| Pulmonary disease |
299 |
27 |
113 |
79 |
80 |
| Radiology |
1,011 |
150 |
546 |
54 |
261 |
| Surgery |
1,287 |
117 |
511 |
156 |
503 |
| Clinical medicine nec |
4,102 |
355 |
1,975 |
503 |
1,269 |
| Other health |
2,810 |
348 |
1,559 |
235 |
668 |
| Communication disorders sciences |
77 |
7 |
55 |
8 |
7 |
| Dental sciences |
287 |
11 |
178 |
40 |
58 |
| Nursing science |
107 |
20 |
27 |
31 |
29 |
| Pharmaceutical sciences |
1,007 |
117 |
585 |
53 |
252 |
| Veterinary sciences |
600 |
87 |
310 |
27 |
176 |
| Other health nec |
732 |
106 |
404 |
76 |
146 |
