Table 43. Female postdoctoral appointees in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field, citizenship, ethnicity, and race: 2016
Field
Total
U.S. citizens and permanent residentsa
Temporary visa holders
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
Unknown ethnicity and race
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian
Black or African American
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
White
More than one race
All surveyed fields
25,594
804
83
2,591
564
53
7,934
302
1,262
12,001
Science and engineering
16,438
495
52
1,507
295
24
4,998
202
791
8,074
Science
14,716
459
52
1,333
280
23
4,626
180
730
7,033
Agricultural sciences
618
16
8
44
6
2
199
23
40
280
Biological sciences
8,472
261
19
830
150
9
2,450
108
354
4,291
Anatomy
85
2
0
4
5
0
24
3
2
45
Biochemistry
674
16
0
87
16
0
169
4
31
351
Biology
890
25
4
70
11
0
340
12
37
391
Biometry and epidemiology
317
12
1
53
7
3
105
6
16
114
Biophysics
45
0
0
3
0
0
11
1
0
30
Botany and plant biology
251
13
1
28
1
0
67
7
18
116
Cell and molecular biology
1,008
31
2
107
14
0
258
6
46
544
Ecology
64
3
0
4
0
0
20
0
11
26
Entomology and parasitology
109
5
3
2
0
0
39
7
4
49
Genetics
673
12
1
75
5
2
211
16
22
329
Microbiology, immunology, and virology
993
28
1
84
28
2
346
12
44
448
Nutrition
157
3
0
14
5
0
55
1
2
77
Pathology
582
14
1
62
11
0
141
3
13
337
Pharmacology and toxicology
506
14
1
59
8
1
141
3
10
269
Physiology
675
21
1
64
20
0
155
8
27
379
Zoology
19
1
0
0
0
0
15
0
1
2
Biosciences nec
1,424
61
3
114
19
1
353
19
70
784
Communication
46
1
0
7
1
1
16
0
4
16
Computer sciences
192
4
2
26
2
1
52
1
9
95
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
770
31
5
48
7
0
327
11
53
288
Atmospheric sciences
67
2
1
1
0
0
19
2
1
41
Geosciences
236
6
3
15
3
0
107
1
13
88
Ocean sciences
193
14
1
10
2
0
83
4
14
65
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec
274
9
0
22
2
0
118
4
25
94
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences
77
4
0
5
4
0
46
1
6
11
Mathematics and statistics
217
3
0
16
1
1
54
0
12
130
Mathematics and applied mathematics
198
3
0
14
1
1
52
0
11
116
Statistics
19
0
0
2
0
0
2
0
1
14
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies
430
10
0
28
15
1
186
1
27
162
Neurobiology and neuroscience
936
35
2
87
15
0
299
7
49
442
Physical sciences
1,651
28
6
139
29
3
374
12
101
959
Astronomy and astrophysics
128
4
0
9
4
1
41
1
14
54
Chemistry
954
18
5
84
19
0
208
3
55
562
Physics
511
6
1
40
5
2
107
7
30
313
Physical sciences nec
58
0
0
6
1
0
18
1
2
30
Psychology
674
33
1
52
19
1
345
2
32
189
Clinical psychology
54
3
0
3
1
1
37
0
1
8
Psychology, general
398
21
0
25
9
0
199
1
21
122
Psychology nec
222
9
1
24
9
0
109
1
10
59
Social sciences
633
33
9
51
31
4
278
14
43
170
Agricultural economics
35
1
1
3
0
0
11
3
0
16
Anthropology
90
3
0
5
4
0
47
3
5
23
Economics (except agricultural)
31
2
0
2
1
1
5
0
3
17
Geography
45
0
0
4
0
0
18
1
2
20
History and philosophy of science
6
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
3
Linguistics
19
1
0
3
0
0
3
0
2
10
Political science and government
160
6
1
15
7
0
77
4
13
37
Sociology
65
3
5
5
6
0
31
0
2
13
Sociology and anthropology
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Social sciences nec
181
17
2
14
13
3
83
3
15
31
Engineering
1,722
36
0
174
15
1
372
22
61
1,041
Aerospace engineering
20
2
0
4
1
0
5
0
0
8
Agricultural engineering
47
0
0
5
0
0
13
2
0
27
Architecture
8
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
4
Biomedical engineering
437
9
0
54
3
0
123
4
14
230
Chemical engineering
298
12
0
33
1
0
38
5
7
202
Civil engineering
176
5
0
22
3
0
55
0
5
86
Electrical engineering
163
1
0
10
3
0
23
1
9
116
Engineering science, mechanics, and physics
56
0
0
1
0
0
17
0
2
36
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
27
0
0
3
0
0
11
0
0
13
Mechanical engineering
178
3
0
14
0
1
39
3
9
109
Metallurgical and materials engineering
181
3
0
19
3
0
24
4
3
125
Mining engineering
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
Nuclear engineering
12
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
11
Petroleum engineering
9
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
Engineering nec
107
1
0
8
1
0
19
3
11
64
Health
9,156
309
31
1,084
269
29
2,936
100
471
3,927
Clinical medicine
7,787
262
24
952
220
21
2,466
69
389
3,384
Anesthesiology
182
3
0
12
4
1
44
3
22
93
Cardiovascular science
299
6
0
36
5
0
67
2
7
176
Endocrinology
185
3
1
18
5
0
60
3
9
86
Gastroenterology
149
2
0
25
1
0
38
1
3
79
Hematology
140
1
0
14
3
0
43
0
4
75
Neurology
517
22
1
60
8
0
171
6
31
218
Obstetrics and gynecology
179
7
1
18
9
0
67
0
6
71
Oncology and cancer research
1,002
32
2
143
16
1
235
4
9
560
Ophthalmology
240
3
0
23
1
0
37
1
1
174
Otorhinolaryngology
95
2
0
13
2
0
26
3
0
49
Pediatrics
706
33
2
82
24
2
270
6
36
251
Preventive medicine and community health
483
27
2
59
34
1
198
3
33
126
Psychiatry
680
34
5
53
22
0
361
6
49
150
Pulmonary disease
136
2
1
13
5
0
60
1
3
51
Radiology
368
9
1
41
5
1
70
0
40
201
Surgery
517
12
0
67
16
0
143
4
36
239
Clinical medicine nec
1,909
64
8
275
60
15
576
26
100
785
Other health
1,369
47
7
132
49
8
470
31
82
543
Communication disorders sciences
58
1
0
10
0
0
32
1
0
14
Dental sciences
138
6
1
19
8
2
23
5
9
65
Nursing science
83
4
1
1
11
0
38
3
7
18
Pharmaceutical sciences
382
10
1
41
14
3
90
10
18
195
Veterinary sciences
325
12
1
20
5
2
137
8
38
102
Other health nec
383
14
3
41
11
1
150
4
10
149
