Table 54. Doctorate-holding nonfaculty researchers in science, engineering, and health in all institutions, by detailed field and doctoral degree type: 2016

Field Total Doctoral degreea Professional degreea Dual degreea Doctoral degree type unknowna
All surveyed fields 25,747 18,448 1,683 467 5,149
Science and engineering 19,095 14,432 632 254 3,777
Science 15,940 11,966 581 224 3,169
Agricultural sciences 767 549 20 6 192
Biological sciences 7,058 5,171 384 139 1,364
Anatomy 35 27 0 3 5
Biochemistry 701 498 22 8 173
Biology 622 550 21 7 44
Biometry and epidemiology 332 251 29 5 47
Biophysics 36 34 2 0 0
Botany and plant biology 258 206 7 0 45
Cell and molecular biology 713 488 38 15 172
Ecology 70 40 0 0 30
Entomology and parasitology 128 98 3 0 27
Genetics 504 415 21 6 62
Microbiology, immunology, and virology 919 627 64 27 201
Nutrition 160 115 19 5 21
Pathology 443 314 51 11 67
Pharmacology and toxicology 339 291 16 4 28
Physiology 623 370 49 28 176
Zoology 31 19 0 0 12
Biosciences nec 1,144 828 42 20 254
Communication 29 23 0 0 6
Computer sciences 470 365 5 8 92
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 1,635 1,197 14 13 411
Atmospheric sciences 350 241 4 8 97
Geosciences 589 502 5 1 81
Ocean sciences 299 256 5 4 34
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences nec 397 198 0 0 199
Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 120 102 7 1 10
Mathematics and statistics 213 194 1 0 18
Mathematics and applied mathematics 183 169 0 0 14
Statistics 30 25 1 0 4
Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies 727 523 17 7 180
Neurobiology and neuroscience 760 598 59 8 95
Physical sciences 2,735 2,270 15 30 420
Astronomy and astrophysics 487 372 0 0 115
Chemistry 881 753 6 2 120
Physics 1,293 1,080 8 28 177
Physical sciences nec 74 65 1 0 8
Psychology 456 345 3 3 105
Clinical psychology 50 35 2 0 13
Psychology, general 226 164 0 1 61
Psychology nec 180 146 1 2 31
Social sciences 970 629 56 9 276
Agricultural economics 42 35 0 0 7
Anthropology 82 67 5 1 9
Economics (except agricultural) 110 63 4 0 43
Geography 46 39 0 0 7
History and philosophy of science 11 10 1 0 0
Linguistics 17 14 1 0 2
Political science and government 345 195 41 5 104
Sociology 81 70 2 1 8
Sociology and anthropology 0 0 0 0 0
Social sciences nec 236 136 2 2 96
Engineering 3,155 2,466 51 30 608
Aerospace engineering 77 66 1 0 10
Agricultural engineering 55 44 0 1 10
Architecture 30 7 1 0 22
Biomedical engineering 311 251 15 9 36
Chemical engineering 297 224 7 5 61
Civil engineering 420 324 2 2 92
Electrical engineering 560 439 12 0 109
Engineering science, mechanics, and physics 188 168 0 0 20
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 162 128 4 5 25
Mechanical engineering 393 310 4 4 75
Metallurgical and materials engineering 353 310 2 4 37
Mining engineering 23 22 0 0 1
Nuclear engineering 29 26 1 0 2
Petroleum engineering 57 56 0 0 1
Engineering nec 200 91 2 0 107
Health 6,652 4,016 1,051 213 1,372
Clinical medicine 5,470 3,239 892 187 1,152
Anesthesiology 139 75 41 9 14
Cardiovascular science 243 147 55 12 29
Endocrinology 110 76 16 3 15
Gastroenterology 108 68 28 1 11
Hematology 118 79 26 0 13
Neurology 351 239 49 8 55
Obstetrics and gynecology 129 67 23 4 35
Oncology and cancer research 472 352 32 13 75
Ophthalmology 241 139 46 12 44
Otorhinolaryngology 80 38 14 6 22
Pediatrics 608 367 82 13 146
Preventive medicine and community health 559 331 33 8 187
Psychiatry 185 106 26 1 52
Pulmonary disease 139 74 39 3 23
Radiology 356 219 30 19 88
Surgery 442 230 108 24 80
Clinical medicine nec 1,190 632 244 51 263
Other health 1,182 777 159 26 220
Communication disorders sciences 66 44 8 3 11
Dental sciences 88 70 8 2 8
Nursing science 61 35 8 0 18
Pharmaceutical sciences 332 241 24 5 62
Veterinary sciences 279 154 72 8 45
Other health nec 356 233 39 8 76