Table 12. Higher education R&D expenditures, by highest degree granted, institutional control, and type of cost: FYs 2011–15

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal year and type of institution	All R&D expenditures	Direct costs								Indirect costs
		Total	Salaries, wages, and fringe benefits	Software purchases			Capitalized equipment	Passed through to subrecipients	Other direct costs	Total	Recovered	Unrecovered
		Total	Salaries, wages, and fringe benefits	Total	Noncapitalized software	Capitalized software	Capitalized equipment	Passed through to subrecipients	Other direct costs	Total	Recovered	Unrecovered
2011
All institutions	65,274,305	49,309,701	27,863,315	113,395	95,417	17,978	2,255,995	5,436,841	13,640,155	15,964,604	11,354,093	4,610,511
Doctorate	64,064,133	48,282,499	27,357,645	110,285	92,808	17,477	2,192,296	5,371,178	13,251,095	15,781,634	11,236,113	4,545,521
Nondoctorate	1,210,172	1,027,202	505,670	3,110	2,609	501	63,699	65,663	389,060	182,970	117,980	64,990
Public	43,915,872	33,920,696	19,638,800	93,472	77,672	15,800	1,555,049	3,418,696	9,214,679	9,995,176	6,587,237	3,407,939
Private	21,358,433	15,389,005	8,224,515	19,923	17,745	2,178	700,946	2,018,145	4,425,476	5,969,428	4,766,856	1,202,572
2012
All institutions	65,729,006	49,895,497	28,341,395	100,980	90,778	10,202	2,040,476	5,531,421	13,881,225	15,833,509	11,223,980	4,609,529
Doctorate	64,700,200	49,022,846	27,906,909	95,627	86,115	9,512	1,995,345	5,469,627	13,555,338	15,677,354	11,125,166	4,552,188
Nondoctorate	1,028,806	872,651	434,486	5,353	4,663	690	45,131	61,794	325,887	156,155	98,814	57,341
Public	44,162,594	34,337,486	19,951,685	80,994	72,387	8,607	1,476,328	3,502,384	9,326,095	9,825,108	6,556,653	3,268,455
Private	21,566,412	15,558,011	8,389,710	19,986	18,391	1,595	564,148	2,029,037	4,555,130	6,008,401	4,667,327	1,341,074
2013
All institutions	67,013,137	51,086,707	28,801,472	105,242	93,211	12,031	2,254,800	5,689,087	14,236,106	15,926,430	11,222,933	4,703,497
Doctorate	66,217,716	50,398,361	28,462,741	102,546	90,684	11,862	2,219,549	5,647,933	13,965,592	15,819,355	11,148,081	4,671,274
Nondoctorate	795,421	688,346	338,731	2,696	2,527	169	35,251	41,154	270,514	107,075	74,852	32,223
Public	44,849,696	35,004,399	20,233,366	82,693	74,065	8,628	1,655,615	3,608,137	9,424,588	9,845,297	6,541,177	3,304,120
Private	22,163,441	16,082,308	8,568,106	22,549	19,146	3,403	599,185	2,080,950	4,811,518	6,081,133	4,681,756	1,399,377
2014
All institutions	67,199,635	51,560,682	29,114,863	93,772	81,547	12,225	2,036,547	5,707,505	14,607,995	15,638,953	10,877,220	4,761,733
Doctorate	66,450,487	50,916,455	28,784,143	91,825	80,143	11,682	2,010,973	5,667,770	14,361,744	15,534,032	10,809,374	4,724,658
Nondoctorate	749,148	644,227	330,720	1,947	1,404	543	25,574	39,735	246,251	104,921	67,846	37,075
Public	44,678,490	35,017,533	20,442,511	71,133	61,736	9,397	1,468,560	3,560,116	9,475,213	9,660,957	6,341,947	3,319,010
Private	22,521,145	16,543,149	8,672,352	22,639	19,811	2,828	567,987	2,147,389	5,132,782	5,977,996	4,535,273	1,442,723
2015
All institutions	68,667,801	52,735,522	29,922,572	113,783	89,874	23,909	2,166,234	5,644,202	14,888,731	15,932,279	11,075,601	4,856,678
Doctorate	68,007,358	52,165,984	29,632,985	111,825	88,156	23,669	2,141,915	5,618,264	14,660,995	15,841,374	11,013,410	4,827,964
Nondoctorate	660,443	569,538	289,587	1,958	1,718	240	24,319	25,938	227,736	90,905	62,191	28,714
Public	45,481,635	35,714,272	20,811,997	89,636	71,100	18,536	1,555,088	3,544,343	9,713,208	9,767,363	6,382,482	3,384,881
Private	23,186,166	17,021,250	9,110,575	24,147	18,774	5,373	611,146	2,099,859	5,175,523	6,164,916	4,693,119	1,471,797