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Table 3. Higher education R&D expenditures, by source of funds, R&D field, and survey population: FY 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

Source of funds and R&D field All institutions Survey population
Short form Standard form
All R&D expenditures 71,971,736 138,428 71,833,308
Federal government 38,860,649 67,107 38,793,542
State and local government 4,033,779 8,499 4,025,280
Institution funds 18,014,538 39,576 17,974,962
Institutionally financed research 11,505,260 34,173 11,471,087
Cost sharing 1,432,876 2,043 1,430,833
Unrecovered indirect costs 5,076,402 3,360 5,073,042
Business 4,215,883 5,320 4,210,563
Nonprofit organizations 4,628,526 13,726 4,614,800
All other sources 2,218,361 4,200 2,214,161
Science 56,392,202 101,540 56,290,662
Computer and information sciencesa 2,082,275 4,391 2,077,884
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciencesa 3,095,606 7,832 3,087,774
Life sciences 40,933,821 45,971 40,887,850
Mathematics and statisticsa 686,061 4,400 681,661
Physical sciences 4,913,289 19,724 4,893,565
Psychology 1,222,859 4,138 1,218,721
Social sciences 2,374,649 8,078 2,366,571
Sciences, nec 1,083,642 7,006 1,076,636
Engineering 11,394,686 12,959 11,381,727
Non-S&E 4,184,848 23,929 4,160,919
nec = not elsewhere classified; S&E = science and engineering.
a As part of the reclassification of disciplines, some R&D field names have changed. See Technical Notes, Appendix A for details.
NOTE: Institutions are included in the short form population if they reported less than $1 million in total R&D expenditures during the previous fiscal year.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education Research and Development Survey, FY 2016.