Table 16. Higher education R&D expenditures, by highest degree granted, institutional control, and type of cost: FYs 2013–17

(Dollars in thousands)

Fiscal year and type of institution	All R&D expenditures	Direct costs								Indirect costs
		Total	Salaries, wages, and fringe benefits	Software purchases			Capitalized equipment	Passed through to subrecipients	Other direct costs	Indirect costs
		Total	Salaries, wages, and fringe benefits	Total	Noncapitalized software	Capitalized software	Capitalized equipment	Passed through to subrecipients	Other direct costs	Total	Recovered	Unrecovered
2013
All institutions	67,013,138	51,088,303	28,799,612	107,698	95,664	12,034	2,254,821	5,689,087	14,237,085	15,924,835	11,221,337	4,703,498
Doctorate	66,217,717	50,398,617	28,462,160	102,523	90,658	11,865	2,219,549	5,647,933	13,966,452	15,819,100	11,147,825	4,671,275
Nondoctorate	795,421	689,686	337,452	5,175	5,006	169	35,272	41,154	270,633	105,735	73,512	32,223
Public	44,849,697	35,005,995	20,231,506	85,149	76,518	8,631	1,655,640	3,608,137	9,425,563	9,843,702	6,539,581	3,304,121
Private	22,163,441	16,082,308	8,568,106	22,549	19,146	3,403	599,181	2,080,950	4,811,522	6,081,133	4,681,756	1,399,377
2014
All institutions	67,196,537	51,561,093	29,111,150	97,103	84,855	12,248	2,036,548	5,705,871	14,610,421	15,635,444	10,874,434	4,761,010
Doctorate	66,448,181	50,915,651	28,782,886	91,911	80,207	11,704	2,011,006	5,666,866	14,362,982	15,532,530	10,808,608	4,723,922
Nondoctorate	748,356	645,442	328,264	5,192	4,648	544	25,542	39,005	247,439	102,914	65,826	37,088
Public	44,675,392	35,017,944	20,438,798	74,464	65,044	9,420	1,468,566	3,558,482	9,477,634	9,657,448	6,339,161	3,318,287
Private	22,521,145	16,543,149	8,672,352	22,639	19,811	2,828	567,982	2,147,389	5,132,787	5,977,996	4,535,273	1,442,723
2015
All institutions	68,550,653	52,611,299	29,888,418	117,041	93,237	23,804	2,120,121	5,637,277	14,848,442	15,939,354	11,102,099	4,837,255
Doctorate	67,890,977	52,040,747	29,601,580	111,675	88,109	23,566	2,095,638	5,612,657	14,619,197	15,850,230	11,041,576	4,808,654
Nondoctorate	659,676	570,552	286,838	5,366	5,128	238	24,483	24,620	229,245	89,124	60,523	28,601
Public	45,412,330	35,641,242	20,800,569	92,881	74,448	18,433	1,508,949	3,541,678	9,697,165	9,771,088	6,409,901	3,361,187
Private	23,138,323	16,970,057	9,087,849	24,160	18,789	5,371	611,172	2,095,599	5,151,277	6,168,266	4,692,198	1,476,068
2016
All institutions	71,795,275	55,296,067	31,481,499	113,624	95,271	18,353	2,169,540	5,700,262	15,831,142	16,499,208	11,457,539	5,041,669
Doctorate	70,745,719	54,378,930	31,133,855	108,743	90,681	18,062	2,038,998	5,662,049	15,435,285	16,366,789	11,388,360	4,978,429
Nondoctorate	1,049,556	917,137	347,644	4,881	4,590	291	130,542	38,213	395,857	132,419	69,179	63,240
Public	47,133,229	36,988,935	21,779,059	89,493	74,191	15,302	1,578,226	3,520,297	10,021,860	10,144,294	6,622,051	3,522,243
Private	24,662,046	18,307,132	9,702,440	24,131	21,080	3,051	591,314	2,179,965	5,809,282	6,354,914	4,835,488	1,519,426
2017
All institutions	75,174,941	57,932,869	33,275,453	109,787	98,740	11,047	2,186,468	5,917,952	16,443,209	17,242,072	12,058,795	5,183,277
Doctorate	74,465,872	57,308,715	32,957,063	107,312	96,706	10,606	2,158,638	5,886,488	16,199,214	17,157,157	12,001,057	5,156,100
Nondoctorate	709,069	624,154	318,390	2,475	2,034	441	27,830	31,464	243,995	84,915	57,738	27,177
Public	49,319,925	38,694,372	22,943,394	81,747	73,937	7,810	1,552,880	3,659,394	10,456,957	10,625,553	6,979,600	3,645,953
Private	25,855,016	19,238,497	10,332,059	28,040	24,803	3,237	633,588	2,258,558	5,986,252	6,616,519	5,079,195	1,537,324