Data
American U.
Field | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All R&D fields | 67,616 | 65,912 | 71,839 | 71,053 | 61,741 | 56,034 | 57,064 | 58,325 | 63,628 | 61,087 | ||||||||||
Science | 31,685 | 29,508 | 37,505 | 39,531 | 31,906 | 26,551 | 28,170 | 25,350 | 38,038 | 23,794 | ||||||||||
Computer and information sciences | 753 | 649 | 672 | 2,122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,021 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 1,091 | 1,035 | 642 | 482 | 511 | 396 | 436 | 542 | 902 | 260 | ||||||||||
Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geological and earth sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, not elsewhere classified | 1,091 | 1,035 | 642 | 482 | 511 | 396 | 436 | 542 | 902 | 260 | ||||||||||
Life sciences | 1,117 | 1,148 | 1,886 | 1,854 | 1,703 | 2,314 | 2,645 | 2,109 | 3,276 | 2,146 | ||||||||||
Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Biological and biomedical sciences | 661 | 719 | 1,235 | 1,225 | 1,168 | 1,617 | 1,895 | 1,416 | 1,723 | 1,406 | ||||||||||
Health sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 630 | ||||||||||
Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences, not elsewhere classified | 456 | 429 | 651 | 629 | 535 | 697 | 750 | 693 | 1,553 | 110 | ||||||||||
Mathematics and statistics | 1,615 | 1,538 | 1,559 | 1,319 | 1,618 | 1,741 | 1,890 | 1,396 | 2,711 | 1,088 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences | 4,351 | 4,404 | 4,714 | 5,167 | 3,545 | 2,504 | 1,809 | 1,945 | 2,733 | 1,839 | ||||||||||
Astronomy and astrophysics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,097 | ||||||||||
Chemistry | 983 | 790 | 847 | 1,864 | 1,300 | 651 | 599 | 528 | 1,294 | 386 | ||||||||||
Materials science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Physics | 3,368 | 3,614 | 3,867 | 3,303 | 2,245 | 1,853 | 1,210 | 1,417 | 1,439 | 203 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 153 | ||||||||||
Psychology | 1,109 | 1,063 | 2,248 | 2,564 | 3,026 | 2,474 | 2,821 | 2,582 | 4,371 | 1,722 | ||||||||||
Social sciences | 17,191 | 16,428 | 20,632 | 20,802 | 16,040 | 12,757 | 13,273 | 10,674 | 16,140 | 14,718 | ||||||||||
Anthropology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Economics | 2,440 | 2,410 | 2,433 | 3,584 | 2,310 | 2,018 | 1,950 | 2,361 | 4,552 | 1,429 | ||||||||||
Political science and government | 7,506 | 6,730 | 7,219 | 6,775 | 6,640 | 6,383 | 7,066 | 3,813 | 5,820 | 7,004 | ||||||||||
Sociology, demography, and population studies | 960 | 1,188 | 3,346 | 2,792 | 602 | 466 | 355 | 858 | 1,976 | 1,531 | ||||||||||
Social sciences, not elsewhere classified | 6,285 | 6,100 | 7,634 | 7,651 | 6,488 | 3,890 | 3,902 | 3,642 | 3,792 | 4,754 | ||||||||||
Sciences, not elsewhere classified | 4,458 | 3,243 | 5,152 | 5,221 | 5,463 | 4,365 | 5,296 | 6,102 | 7,905 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Civil engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E | 35,931 | 36,404 | 34,334 | 31,522 | 29,835 | 29,483 | 28,894 | 32,975 | 25,590 | 37,293 | ||||||||||
Business management and business administration | 6,169 | 5,834 | 5,403 | 5,368 | 5,228 | 4,704 | 4,740 | 4,880 | 10,960 | 5,524 | ||||||||||
Communication and communications technologies | 5,816 | 6,415 | 6,801 | 6,848 | 4,353 | 4,493 | 3,180 | 3,322 | 7,992 | 6,493 | ||||||||||
Education | 2,473 | 1,637 | 1,130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,267 | ||||||||||
Humanities | 2,742 | 2,573 | 2,955 | 2,613 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,451 | ||||||||||
Law | 10,783 | 11,579 | 12,393 | 12,152 | 13,258 | 11,350 | 12,363 | 13,537 | 5,720 | 11,189 | ||||||||||
Social work | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Visual and performing arts | 707 | 748 | 798 | 921 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,155 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E, not elsewhere classified | 7,241 | 7,618 | 4,854 | 3,620 | 6,996 | 8,936 | 8,611 | 11,236 | 918 | 8,214 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey