California Institute of Technology

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 90 80.8 459 121 82.5 679 66 89.3 602 68 92.7 914
2022 97 79.2 457 120 82.6 680 60 93.5 900
2021 111 75.6 447 109 84.5 691 77 87.1 583 62 93.3 908
2020 115 74.9 450 108 84.8 698 58 93.8 916
2019 93 79.6 447 115 83.8 697 89 85.2 589 64 93.2 914
2018 101 76.8 428 113 84.1 700 63 93.2 911
2017 106 75.5 425 110 84.2 684 84 85.7 575 60 93.5 898
2016 99 77.4 430 123 82.6 697 60 93.5 896
2015 103 76.2 426 125 82.3 693 82 85.9 570 60 93.5 898
2014 101 76.5 422 122 82.6 688 60 93.4 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 228 204 145 146 206 190 180 189 182 181
  Science and engineering 228 204 145 146 206 190 180 189 182 181
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 1 . . 2 . 1 3 1 . 1
      Natural resources and conservation 1 . . 2 . 1 3 1 . 1
    Biological and biomedical sciences 36 31 21 19 31 20 20 25 34 37
      Biochemistry and biophysics 2 4 2 6 10 4 9 9 9 17
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 18 10 2 3 7 2 1 4 3 1
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 2 2 . . 3 2 1 1 . .
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 4 4 1 . . 1 2 5 2 5
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 1 . . . . 1 . . . .
      Genetics and genomics 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 . . 3
      Microbiology and immunology 1 . 2 2 2 1 1 . 4 1
      Molecular biology . . 4 . 2 2 1 . 4 1
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 7 8 6 7 4 4 2 4 11 9
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other . 2 2 . . 2 1 2 1 .
    Computer and information sciences 7 5 2 5 3 2 6 2 . 9
      Computer science 5 4 2 5 3 2 5 2 . 8
      Computer and information sciences, other 2 1 . . . . 1 . . 1
    Engineering 77 61 60 48 67 65 47 72 59 53
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 12 7 10 8 14 13 9 11 8 12
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 17 13 8 11 11 10 2 3 8 3
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 12 11 4 5 7 3 10 7 7 8
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 1 1 4 3 2 5 2 2 6 5
      Electrical and computer engineering 7 10 7 7 6 8 10 13 13 11
      Industrial engineering and operations research . . . . 2 . 1 2 . .
      Materials and mining engineering 10 4 8 5 17 13 8 13 7 7
      Mechanical engineering 15 12 16 8 6 11 4 17 9 6
      Engineering, other 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 4 1 1
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 15 24 10 4 12 12 16 23 6 7
      Geological sciences 9 13 9 4 8 10 11 17 6 6
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 6 11 1 . 4 2 5 6 . 1
    Health sciences . . . . 1 . . . . .
      Health sciences, other . . . . 1 . . . . .
    Mathematics and statistics 10 12 9 8 10 5 15 6 9 8
      Applied mathematics 8 2 4 3 3 . 7 3 2 6
      Mathematics . 3 1 2 2 4 3 2 7 2
      Mathematics and statistics, other 2 7 4 3 5 1 5 1 . .
    Physical sciences 77 66 41 56 78 77 69 51 65 65
      Astronomy and astrophysics 12 7 10 9 15 14 12 7 10 6
      Chemistry 36 26 16 21 31 31 27 27 30 39
      Physics 29 33 15 26 32 32 30 17 25 20
    Psychology . 2 1 1 1 2 . 2 1 .
      Research and experimental psychology . 1 1 1 1 2 . 2 1 .
      Psychology, other . 1 . . . . . . . .
    Social sciences 5 3 1 3 3 6 4 7 8 1
      Economics 3 . . 2 2 4 4 6 6 .
      Political science and government . 1 . . 1 1 . . 1 .
      Social sciences, other 2 2 1 1 . 1 . 1 1 1

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 924 927 941 912 890 909 891 900 908 905
    Female 515 492 469 427 409 376 386 360 346 321
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 777 793 782 724 686 687 700 682 690 709
    Hispanic or Latino 104 99 101 74 68 56 54 53 53 53
    Not Hispanic or Latino 670 688 674 645 608 624 642 623 629 646
      American Indian or Alaska Native 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 3
      Asian 190 179 173 156 136 134 138 144 152 149
      Black or African American 21 19 13 6 8 7 8 8 11 12
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
      White 393 433 438 440 422 443 461 445 442 469
      More than one race 64 56 48 41 40 39 34 25 20 12
    Unknown ethnicity and race 3 6 7 5 10 7 4 6 8 10
  Temporary visa holders 662 626 628 615 613 598 577 578 564 517
  Science and engineering 1,439 1,419 1,410 1,339 1,299 1,285 1,277 1,260 1,254 1,226
    Science 860 852 839 790 750 736 721 723 720 703
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 226 220 222 209 202 189 178 119 120 120
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 10 9 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 79 83 80 79 72 63 59 81 85 79
      Mathematics and statistics 50 44 49 43 45 50 46 50 51 51
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 36 31 36 28 27 26 25 18 44 41
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 430 428 417 400 374 379 382 374 369 365
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 29 37 29 24 23 21 23 28 31 32
    Engineering 579 567 571 549 549 549 556 537 534 523
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 48 62 64 67 69 67 72 72 73 72
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 125 117 115 95 88 82 73 57 52 4
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 63 51 57 50 56 56 55 49 54 58
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 30 32 35 37 35 33 30 40 43 44
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 85 80 78 83 90 92 100 115 109 96
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 17 22 21 20 20 19 19 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 69 63 62 67 64 62 61 47 50 53
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 46 50 50 51 45 59 69 65 68 68
      Other engineering 96 90 89 79 82 79 77 92 85 128
    Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Female 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Hispanic or Latino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Not Hispanic or Latino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      American Indian or Alaska Native 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Asian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Black or African American 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      White 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  Temporary visa holders 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
  Science and engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
    Science 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 518 523 556 510 554 519 541 510 522 540
  Science and engineering 518 523 556 510 554 519 541 510 522 540
    Science 322 307 341 304 326 315 314 291 292 302
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 78 78 99 80 102 82 76 56 51 62
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 4 1 3 3 2 1 2 4 5 4
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 36 35 28 28 28 32 33 46 51 50
      Mathematics and statistics 10 3 10 7 6 7 4 2 2 4
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 8 12 14 10 13 12 11 6 12 12
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 186 177 185 176 173 180 187 163 171 167
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 0 0 3
    Engineering 196 216 215 206 228 204 227 219 230 238
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 20 30 29 26 26 27 27 28 26 35
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 40 50 43 39 47 28 37 29 27 1
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 17 17 14 16 23 23 19 19 23 28
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 13 16 11 12 10 12 12 11 13 14
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 11 13 27 16 19 16 23 25 36 36
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 7 7 7 6 10 6 7 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 28 32 24 37 33 28 29 24 30 28
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 20 22 22 22 20 20 35 33 32 30
      Other engineering 40 29 38 32 40 44 38 50 43 66
  Health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
Type and primary source of support 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 1,439 1,419 1,410 1,339 1,299 1,285 1,277 1,260 1,254 1,226
  Fellowships 426 432 452 414 393 371 343 367 376 369
    Federal 152 141 159 142 153 150 143 157 158 162
    Institutional 266 269 268 255 228 205 179 175 167 151
    Nonfederal 8 22 25 17 12 16 21 35 51 56
  Research assistantships 821 816 754 722 711 692 692 611 614 603
    Federal 365 382 397 368 401 369 398 353 364 378
    Institutional 341 325 273 275 240 243 216 184 193 163
    Nonfederal 115 109 84 79 70 80 78 74 57 62
  Teaching assistantships 162 155 188 168 160 186 209 229 218 221
    Federal 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Institutional 161 155 188 168 159 186 209 229 218 221
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
  Other types of support 30 16 16 35 35 36 33 53 46 33
    Federal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Institutional 11 2 1 1 2 1 4 6 1 4
    Nonfederal 2 2 0 20 4 0 0 1 0 2
    Personal resources 17 12 15 14 29 35 29 46 45 27

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 523 551 557 555 681 617 629 601 552 552
    Science 406 426 442 446 540 491 476 468 444 453
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 131 132 150 157 190 176 164 169 149 142
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 13 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 49 54 60 69 83 65 58 56 57 51
      Mathematics and statistics 15 5 3 3 2 1 2 0 0 4
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 37 44 41 39 45 40 37 27 13 30
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 174 191 188 178 220 208 214 216 212 224
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
    Engineering 117 125 115 109 141 126 153 133 108 99
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 14 9 12 17 23 16 19 14 15 13
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 22 24 25 16 22 19 18 7 7 2
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 31 33 26 21 35 27 35 37 31 36
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 1 3 3 2 4 6 8 9 7 6
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 7 11 9 13 10 10 11 13 12 5
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 23 23 16 21 25 25 26 22 10 9
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 19 22 24 19 22 23 36 31 26 28
    Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 217 228 265 278 337 304 324 320 277 289
  Science and engineering 217 228 265 278 337 304 324 320 277 289
    Science 175 191 221 221 265 251 256 262 230 240
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 60 66 80 82 83 92 86 85 81 73
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 16 17 24 23 31 24 26 28 19 17
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 14 17 15 16 21 20 19 23 8 17
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 85 91 102 100 130 114 124 126 118 131
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Engineering 42 37 44 57 72 53 68 58 47 49
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 5 4 1 9 11 8 10 6 5 8
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 11 5 14 15 14 12 9 1 3 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 10 15 12 13 22 7 16 18 18 18
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 2 2 4 3 3 2 1 3 2 2
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 10 6 4 11 9 15 16 17 7 6
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 4 5 9 6 12 9 16 13 12 15
  Health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Clinical medicine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 490,672 478,142 438,624 449,651 399,931 391,003 400,312 371,060 374,424 367,182
    Science 416,522 i 395,504 370,861 i 367,004 328,586 317,513 318,940 298,318 267,409 308,844
      Computer and information sciences 13,730 i 11,363 13,508 i 15,072 14,405 15,086 9,584 1,220 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 47,263 i 57,033 43,295 i 43,338 37,101 32,030 33,138 32,029 29,132 23,269
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 i 2,689 1,986 i 2,539 4,122 5,694 7,797 7,980 7,119 0
        Geological and earth sciences 43,235 i 46,166 34,651 i 33,000 26,942 22,911 23,635 22,541 21,095 20,756
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 i 208 204 i 114 0 0 92 56 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 4,028 i 7,970 6,454 i 7,685 6,037 3,425 1,614 1,452 918 2,513
      Life sciences 102,066 i 98,580 100,754 i 89,626 87,505 80,318 77,964 65,679 63,913 65,007
        Agricultural sciences 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 102,066 i 98,392 100,578 i 89,580 84,558 76,044 74,998 65,501 63,637 64,967
        Health sciences 0 i 142 128 i 46 2,815 4,274 2,966 178 230 40
        Natural resources and conservation 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 0 i 46 48 i 0 132 0 0 0 46 0
      Mathematics and statistics 794 i 1,063 1,039 i 1,387 1,534 1,475 1,641 9,809 10,003 9,338
      Physical sciences 235,054 i 227,465 212,265 i 217,581 188,041 188,604 192,478 185,449 164,339 210,234
        Astronomy and astrophysics 60,682 i 64,902 49,083 i 49,859 45,835 41,062 35,423 35,373 39,943 4,815
        Chemistry 36,142 i 36,223 37,366 i 40,638 42,498 46,180 51,531 49,285 40,577 61,664
        Materials science 0 i 25,614 25,102 i 20,847 15,109 17,713 19,616 15,790 0 0
        Physics 111,025 i 100,726 100,714 i 106,237 84,599 83,649 85,908 85,001 83,819 143,637
        Physical sciences nec 27,205 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 118
      Psychology 1,117 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 46 46 0 79
      Social sciences 3,213 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 917
        Anthropology 22 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Economics 211 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 40
        Political science and government 21 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 21 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Social sciences nec 2,938 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 877
      Sciences nec 13,285 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 4,089 4,086 22 0
    Engineering 73,871 i 51,975 51,630 i 51,693 46,972 45,494 61,771 57,886 83,424 49,293
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 7,631 i 7,418 6,149 i 9,139 9,108 9,619 14,144 13,268 13,528 9,637
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 6,287 i 6,392 6,210 i 3,051 892 868 1,869 1,956 658 848
      Chemical engineering 6,982 i 7,286 7,524 i 7,955 5,548 3,867 9,494 16,256 27,701 14,260
      Civil engineering 8,777 i 11,452 11,644 i 12,202 12,598 13,059 7,509 5,540 8,463 79
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 6,180 i 7,780 5,501 i 4,877 5,799 4,840 6,858 6,766 6,052 11,892
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 3,291 i 183 220 i 307 368 0 5,168 3,063 174 9,254
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 26,713 i 96 44 i 12 0 0 92 2,565 19,757 1,209
      Engineering nec 8,010 i 11,368 14,338 i 14,150 12,659 13,241 16,637 8,472 7,091 2,114
    Non-S&E 279 i 30,663 16,133 i 30,954 24,373 27,996 19,601 14,856 23,591 9,045
      Business management and business administration 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 224 115 426 0
      Communication and communications technologies 0 i 388 179 i 91 44 173 118 28 14 0
      Education 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Humanities 279 i 7,342 7,641 i 10,411 10,425 10,002 6,630 6,005 8,154 5,656
      Law 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social work 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 0 i 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Non-S&E nec 0 i 22,933 8,313 i 20,452 13,904 17,821 12,629 8,708 14,997 3,389

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 490,672 310,519 3,870 53,950 35,867 29,024 57,442
    Science 416,522 i 268,482 3,655 45,315 i 27,117 24,984 46,969
      Computer and information sciences 13,730 i 9,088 0 1,351 i 510 870 1,911
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 47,263 i 30,338 3,537 4,385 i 451 2,660 5,892
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 43,235 i 26,621 3,537 4,074 i 451 2,660 5,892
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 4,028 i 3,717 0 311 i 0 0 0
      Life sciences 102,066 i 64,984 0 8,765 i 707 12,381 15,229
        Agricultural sciences 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Biological and biomedical sciences 102,066 i 64,984 0 8,765 i 707 12,381 15,229
        Health sciences 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Natural resources and conservation 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 794 i 489 0 84 i 0 134 87
      Physical sciences 235,054 i 160,855 118 20,916 i 25,277 8,500 19,388
        Astronomy and astrophysics 60,682 i 51,376 0 4,691 i 0 1,824 2,791
        Chemistry 36,142 i 22,744 118 3,911 i 2,187 2,119 5,063
        Materials science 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
        Physics 111,025 i 81,849 0 10,112 i 3,504 4,557 11,003
        Physical sciences nec 27,205 i 4,886 0 2,202 i 19,586 0 531
      Psychology 1,117 i 1,031 0 86 i 0 0 0
      Social sciences 3,213 i 1,634 0 348 i 172 439 620
        Anthropology 22 i 0 0 22 i 0 0 0
        Economics 211 i 174 0 37 i 0 0 0
        Political science and government 21 i 0 0 21 i 0 0 0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 21 i 0 0 21 i 0 0 0
        Social sciences nec 2,938 i 1,460 0 247 i 172 439 620
      Sciences nec 13,285 i 63 0 9,380 i 0 0 3,842
    Engineering 73,871 i 41,780 215 8,613 i 8,750 4,040 10,473
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 7,631 i 4,021 0 987 i 1,551 114 958
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 6,287 i 4,474 0 486 i 0 829 498
      Chemical engineering 6,982 i 4,551 0 595 i 279 829 728
      Civil engineering 8,777 i 8,099 0 678 i 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 6,180 i 2,390 0 1,190 i 562 1,160 878
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 3,291 i 0 215 884 i 1,333 1 858
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 26,713 i 17,733 0 2,148 i 4,881 691 1,260
      Engineering nec 8,010 i 512 0 1,645 i 144 416 5,293
    Non-S&E 279 i 257 0 22 i 0 0 0
      Business management and business administration 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Communication and communications technologies 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Education 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Humanities 279 i 257 0 22 i 0 0 0
      Law 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Social work 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
      Non-S&E nec 0 i 0 0 0 i 0 0 0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 310,519 326,401 293,197 316,519 287,198 280,451 277,358 265,206 272,673 279,515
  DOD 30,414 28,973 30,794 34,756 34,316 33,617 33,045 28,592 24,455 30,390
  DOE 23,660 23,564 22,422 20,937 21,103 22,752 23,705 24,947 28,922 27,237
  HHS 81,652 89,631 88,419 81,136 78,102 72,310 70,258 63,384 68,943 68,383
  NASA 72,312 83,886 57,283 76,296 64,954 60,585 54,913 52,639 53,283 57,859
  NSF 96,199 94,888 88,858 96,277 82,563 85,056 88,367 89,490 93,167 89,407
  USDA 2 0 0 0 20 86 704 139 373 300
  Other 6,280 5,459 5,421 7,117 6,140 6,045 6,366 6,015 3,530 5,939

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 2,450 323 2,127 .
2018 1,955 302 1,653 .
2017 2,467 320 2,147 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 3,667 3,522 3,557 3,549 3,172
    Agricultural sciences 907 968 1,071 1,072 1,062
    Biological and biomedical sciences 797 864 811 786 625
    Computer and information sciences 44 31 34 34 22
    Engineering 457 377 399 415 410
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 124 89 86 101 82
    Health sciences 127 142 198 235 256
    Mathematics and statistics 24 11 11 11 14
    Natural resources and conservation 99 96 100 90 24
    Physical sciences 827 694 657 625 589
    Psychology 48 41 35 38 31
    Social sciences 85 87 65 65 57
    Other 128 121 90 76 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 501,913 141,585 6,137 105,538 117,900
    Agricultural sciences 220,563 10,285 0 0 19,300
    Biological and biomedical sciences 160,000 0 0 81,790 98,600
    Engineering 1,850 0 0 9,698 0
    Health sciences 88,000 12,400 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 6,900 6,137 0 0
    Physical sciences 31,500 112,000 0 14,050 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 28,285 109,387 86,587 50,565 52,762
    Agricultural sciences 7,237 8,218 1,653 5,478 470
    Biological and biomedical sciences 9,380 12,181 8,289 17,044 9,876
    Computer and information sciences 1,500 258 0 0 2,886
    Engineering 2,884 7,946 17,530 9,721 15,692
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 657 10,405 0 5,507 750
    Health sciences 0 9,079 3,585 0 700
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 452 0
    Natural resources and conservation 0 3,400 0 0 275
    Physical sciences 4,129 56,628 49,051 11,424 20,708
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 0
    Social sciences 0 0 1,253 0 0
    Other 2,498 1,273 5,226 940 1,405

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities