U. California, Berkeley

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2023 2 99.8 459 18 97.5 679 12 98.2 602 31 96.8 914
2022 3 99.6 457 15 98 680 31 96.7 900
2021 3 99.6 447 9 98.8 691 21 96.6 583 32 96.6 908
2020 4 99.3 450 11 98.6 698 30 96.9 916
2019 1 100 447 9 98.9 697 19 97 589 31 96.8 914
2018 2 99.8 428 8 99 700 29 97 911
2017 2 99.8 425 6 99.3 684 15 97.6 575 26 97.2 898
2016 4 99.3 430 9 98.9 697 26 97.2 896
2015 4 99.3 426 11 98.6 693 13 97.9 570 23 97.6 898
2014 1 100 422 9 98.8 688 23 97.6 889
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2023–14
Fields 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All fields 834 830 787 796 864 852 798 793 812 917
  Science and engineering 707 708 661 637 696 692 654 630 637 743
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 17 24 19 14 10 23 23 30 24 24
      Agricultural sciences 4 5 3 4 2 8 8 7 5 9
      Natural resources and conservation 13 19 16 10 8 15 15 23 19 15
    Biological and biomedical sciences 127 144 113 99 128 127 129 100 134 140
      Biochemistry and biophysics 10 16 16 14 15 17 22 12 17 24
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 14 9 3 6 1 4 4 5 4 1
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 9 10 10 6 9 7 9 5 8 5
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 2 3 1 2 7 5 6 6 7 9
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 28 29 20 13 24 27 22 35 22 22
      Genetics and genomics 6 5 1 2 4 2 3 4 6 5
      Microbiology and immunology 9 19 11 17 26 11 14 3 17 17
      Molecular biology 15 17 19 14 18 13 20 12 20 14
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 11 17 9 11 10 21 15 5 17 20
      Pharmacology and toxicology 1 . 1 . 2 1 . . 2 2
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 2 2 5 5 3 4 7 3 2 9
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 20 17 17 9 9 15 7 10 12 12
    Computer and information sciences 56 53 55 49 52 44 36 35 25 45
      Computer science 46 49 50 42 47 41 31 34 21 41
      Computer and information sciences, other 10 4 5 7 5 3 5 1 4 4
    Engineering 202 193 170 179 167 191 176 175 180 205
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering . . . . . . . . . 1
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 14 15 17 15 20 18 13 13 19 15
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 24 14 14 19 14 14 20 17 14 21
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 28 25 17 24 25 36 25 22 40 32
      Electrical and computer engineering 43 43 46 31 30 41 27 42 46 43
      Industrial engineering and operations research 10 6 8 16 4 15 3 10 4 8
      Materials and mining engineering 29 33 17 12 14 13 16 19 11 19
      Mechanical engineering 37 36 33 43 46 35 46 38 37 47
      Engineering, other 17 21 18 19 14 19 26 14 9 19
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 15 9 18 19 16 16 11 11 13 19
      Geological sciences 9 5 8 15 7 10 9 3 6 11
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 6 4 10 4 9 6 2 8 7 8
    Health sciences 5 . 7 9 7 6 11 9 9 13
      Pharmaceutical sciences . . . . . . . . . .
      Public health 5 . 6 8 5 6 8 8 7 11
      Health sciences, other . . 1 1 2 . 3 1 2 2
    Mathematics and statistics 39 40 43 39 49 34 25 34 37 39
      Applied mathematics 9 9 8 4 7 2 6 5 6 3
      Mathematics 7 7 5 7 14 18 9 3 20 26
      Statistics 6 9 12 10 6 5 4 3 4 5
      Mathematics and statistics, other 17 15 18 18 22 9 6 23 7 5
    Physical sciences 117 113 103 118 130 114 116 100 87 114
      Astronomy and astrophysics 15 7 12 9 13 10 7 5 7 12
      Chemistry 67 70 52 63 71 68 75 56 50 62
      Physics 35 36 39 46 46 36 34 39 30 40
    Psychology 20 29 21 12 25 17 24 14 23 20
      Clinical psychology 4 3 6 3 6 3 6 4 3 7
      Counseling and applied psychology . . . 1 . 1 1 . 2 1
      Research and experimental psychology 13 20 12 6 17 11 15 10 18 12
      Psychology, other 3 6 3 2 2 2 2 . . .
    Social sciences 109 103 112 99 112 120 103 122 105 124
      Anthropology 5 10 10 9 12 10 9 9 13 10
      Economics 32 26 38 29 33 26 25 24 28 25
      Political science and government 7 17 13 15 16 11 20 22 13 19
      Public policy analysis 8 7 6 5 4 8 7 4 5 6
      Sociology, demography, and population studies 17 10 13 9 19 23 16 15 16 21
      Social sciences, other 40 33 32 32 28 42 26 48 30 43
  Non-science and engineering 127 122 126 159 168 160 144 163 175 174
    Business 17 8 10 10 12 12 13 16 12 12
      Business 17 8 10 10 12 12 13 16 12 12
    Education 20 20 19 34 34 21 28 27 25 38
      Education leadership and administration 1 1 . 2 2 . . 1 1 1
      Education research 8 9 7 20 19 13 16 13 10 22
      Teacher education and teaching fields 7 2 5 1 7 5 4 10 12 10
      Education, other 4 8 7 11 6 3 8 3 2 5
    Humanities and arts 81 75 73 98 93 108 86 102 119 113
      Letters 29 14 17 23 25 30 27 19 24 27
      Foreign languages and literature 15 15 15 16 19 17 16 26 26 23
      History 8 15 13 27 21 22 13 22 31 32
      Philosophy and religious studies 6 3 5 6 3 15 6 9 3 6
      Music and performing arts 6 10 9 14 5 7 11 9 14 9
      Humanities and arts, other 17 18 14 12 20 17 13 17 21 16
    Other non-science and engineering 9 19 24 17 29 19 17 18 19 11
      Communication . . . . . . . 2 . .
      Public administration and social services 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 2 9 5
      Non-science and engineering, other 5 16 19 13 26 14 14 14 10 6

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 3,218 3,350 3,527 3,007 3,271 3,352 3,375 3,172 3,044 3,017
    Female 2,795 2,917 2,915 2,573 2,665 2,438 2,414 2,199 2,192 2,155
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 3,721 3,938 4,194 3,870 3,924 3,922 3,978 3,824 3,863 3,850
    Hispanic or Latino 303 319 319 484 474 392 426 373 295 299
    Not Hispanic or Latino 3,259 3,415 3,620 3,124 3,104 3,026 3,097 3,002 3,028 3,022
      American Indian or Alaska Native 29 32 36 37 32 29 30 36 51 42
      Asian 1,378 1,338 1,377 992 911 841 822 749 721 703
      Black or African American 268 299 268 221 217 182 186 181 176 177
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 6 8 7 5 5 4 4 3 8 9
      White 1,578 1,738 1,932 1,869 1,939 1,970 2,055 2,033 2,072 2,091
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 159 204 255 262 346 504 455 449 540 529
  Temporary visa holders 2,292 2,329 2,248 1,710 2,012 1,868 1,811 1,547 1,373 1,322
  Science and engineering 5,610 5,812 5,996 5,182 5,532 5,369 5,395 5,018 4,833 4,750
    Science 3,538 3,643 3,674 3,546 3,622 3,590 3,568 3,262 3,338 3,267
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 2 3 4 4 7 4 3 198 261 216
      Biological and biomedical sciences 773 788 815 785 775 760 776 672 672 611
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 479 481 448 377 389 380 373 245 239 219
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 50 51 51 50 51 63 60 0 67 52
      Mathematics and statistics 286 291 282 279 287 296 295 266 266 256
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 20 10 15 81 85 78 70 55 0 82
      Natural resources and conservation 236 277 299 218 245 248 238 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 857 869 883 844 839 789 797 729 672 667
      Psychology 84 86 93 95 100 105 101 101 99 97
      Social sciences 751 787 784 813 844 867 855 933 1,002 1,010
    Engineering 2,072 2,169 2,322 1,636 1,910 1,779 1,827 1,756 1,495 1,483
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 155 142 173 118 153 141 210 145 0 113
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 128 143 152 113 146 160 132 141 143 136
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 417 432 484 363 430 410 440 358 349 333
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 439 451 540 450 482 429 407 331 298 284
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 246 280 252 149 208 158 140 125 60 54
      Mechanical engineering 385 430 488 320 358 354 361 382 300 313
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 89 91
      Other engineering 302 291 233 123 133 127 137 159 256 159
  Health 403 455 446 398 404 421 394 353 403 422
    Clinical medicine 403 455 446 398 404 421 394 337 384 400
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 19 22

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
    Male 852 856 801 543 454 505 420 0 0 0
    Female 675 662 663 433 431 329 285 0 0 0
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents 1,265 1,246 1,162 770 684 641 580 0 0 0
    Hispanic or Latino 95 109 95 81 56 31 31 0 0 0
    Not Hispanic or Latino 993 983 938 625 545 510 464 0 0 0
      American Indian or Alaska Native 4 6 5 9 4 4 2 0 0 0
      Asian 520 509 458 272 240 217 180 0 0 0
      Black or African American 91 79 77 49 29 26 18 0 0 0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 5 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      White 373 386 395 295 272 263 264 0 0 0
      More than one race 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
    Unknown ethnicity and race 177 154 129 64 83 100 85 0 0 0
  Temporary visa holders 262 272 302 206 201 193 125 0 0 0
  Science and engineering 1,268 1,226 1,202 779 703 671 544 0 0 0
    Science 1,253 1,211 1,145 736 683 651 518 0 0 0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 1,213 1,169 1,070 700 630 614 481 0 0 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 2 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
      Psychology 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Social sciences 38 41 74 34 51 37 37 0 0 0
    Engineering 15 15 57 43 20 20 26 0 0 0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 2 2 33 22 13 17 24 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 10 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Other engineering 1 0 3 20 7 3 2 0 0 0
  Health 259 292 262 197 182 163 161 0 0 0
    Clinical medicine 259 292 262 197 182 163 161 0 0 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 656 731 918 1,580 1,513 1,423 1,148 1,327 1,369 1,357
  Science and engineering 644 724 908 1,560 1,495 1,398 1,117 1,293 1,329 1,306
    Science 441 521 669 1,150 1,090 1,008 821 908 935 899
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 29 53 44
      Biological and biomedical sciences 168 167 197 375 354 344 270 289 281 232
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 64 84 66 122 110 106 77 89 96 98
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 15 11 10 20 21 25 23 0 26 21
      Mathematics and statistics 12 20 23 52 54 60 45 43 42 52
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 25 20 16 15 14 0 19
      Natural resources and conservation 21 21 18 35 37 38 26 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 133 199 329 434 392 333 292 322 308 312
      Psychology 11 10 12 21 30 34 25 33 37 36
      Social sciences 17 8 14 66 71 51 48 55 56 59
    Engineering 203 203 239 410 405 390 296 385 394 407
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 15 8 19 42 45 38 31 35 0 40
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 11 16 32 56 53 50 24 36 39 39
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 32 28 29 55 53 48 39 53 49 49
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 66 80 74 127 116 113 91 115 111 116
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 5 2 6 3 7 4 0 3 7 6
      Mechanical engineering 41 42 42 67 61 72 50 62 64 66
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 34 39
      Other engineering 33 27 37 60 70 65 61 48 90 52
  Health 12 7 10 20 18 25 31 34 40 51
    Clinical medicine 12 7 10 20 18 25 31 31 34 43
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 8

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2023–14
Type and primary source of support 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All types and sources of support 6,013 6,267 6,442 5,580 5,936 5,790 5,789 5,371 5,236 5,172
  Fellowships 2,266 2,733 2,691 2,202 2,330 1,920 1,951 1,644 1,587 1,569
    Federal 32 28 0 644 672 594 339 533 602 574
    Institutional 2,091 2,541 2,644 1,297 1,397 1,090 1,384 936 767 803
    Nonfederal 143 164 47 261 261 236 228 175 218 192
  Research assistantships 1,560 1,543 1,729 1,698 1,608 1,554 1,516 1,479 1,415 1,416
    Federal 620 701 912 932 838 819 796 786 756 777
    Institutional 593 425 524 388 365 336 441 415 388 354
    Nonfederal 347 417 293 378 405 399 279 278 271 285
  Teaching assistantships 1,205 1,033 1,100 1,051 1,167 1,412 1,413 1,320 1,429 1,424
    Federal 4 2 6 4 3 1 2 0 2 1
    Institutional 1,198 1,030 1,092 1,046 1,161 1,409 1,410 1,320 1,426 1,423
    Nonfederal 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 0 1 0
  Other types of support 982 958 922 629 831 904 909 928 805 763
    Federal 0 0 0 0 0 9 11 8 9 5
    Institutional 0 0 0 0 0 19 17 11 5 9
    Nonfederal 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 1 1 3
    Personal resources 982 958 922 629 831 872 879 908 790 746

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2023–14
All races 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  Science and engineering 1,282 1,434 1,467 1,198 1,358 1,175 1,112 760 1,136 1,096
    Science 1,010 1,146 1,171 907 1,004 892 831 578 834 810
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 33 53 54
      Biological and biomedical sciences 463 544 543 435 504 413 420 258 310 293
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 41 42 52 14 18 20 12 9 19 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 39 38 29 25 28 25 26 11 33 35
      Mathematics and statistics 34 42 69 25 28 19 13 7 27 28
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 6 3 3 9 8 5 8 12 1 1
      Natural resources and conservation 55 81 83 66 65 55 56 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 302 304 309 269 280 289 233 183 283 312
      Psychology 20 31 34 16 22 22 23 14 21 14
      Social sciences 50 61 49 48 51 44 39 25 49 41
    Engineering 272 288 296 291 354 283 281 182 302 286
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 7 7 7 4 7 7 3 6 0 43
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 29 26 28 21 26 27 25 23 47 42
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 51 50 40 51 54 34 36 17 30 22
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 63 39 22 7 10 7 5 8 100 108
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 1 1 5 5 2 0 0 0 3 4
      Mechanical engineering 21 18 16 9 9 7 7 5 38 34
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 22
      Other engineering 100 147 178 194 246 201 205 123 55 11
  Health 26 30 42 35 39 33 34 35 48 52
    Clinical medicine 26 30 42 35 39 33 34 35 48 52
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2023–14
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
All surveyed fields 567 695 634 515 584 461 440 313 568 31
  Science and engineering 554 678 616 502 568 446 419 286 536 31
    Science 449 563 518 396 433 343 330 218 385 30
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 20 0
      Biological and biomedical sciences 233 306 267 209 234 184 194 130 151 9
      Communication 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Computer and information sciences 21 19 21 1 1 3 2 3 4 0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 12 12 11 13 15 12 16 3 18 8
      Mathematics and statistics 9 17 24 11 15 8 4 3 8 0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences 0 0 0 2 3 1 1 1 0 1
      Natural resources and conservation 19 27 26 26 24 18 16 0 0 0
      Physical sciences 137 152 140 113 119 100 78 45 143 0
      Psychology 11 15 17 13 15 10 12 3 13 0
      Social sciences 7 15 12 8 7 7 6 1 6 12
    Engineering 105 115 98 106 135 103 89 68 151 1
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 2 1 0 2 2 4 0 1 0 0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 11 13 10 7 13 5 11 0 27 0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 22 23 11 15 18 11 7 4 9 0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 30 19 11 1 2 3 0 2 48 1
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0
      Mechanical engineering 6 7 7 2 0 0 0 1 14 0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0
      Other engineering 34 52 58 78 99 80 71 60 36 0
  Health 13 17 18 13 16 15 21 27 32 0
    Clinical medicine 13 17 18 13 16 15 21 27 32 0
    Other health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields 1,076,754 981,035 846,872 840,000 802,931 796,505 770,822 774,255 788,505 744,343
    Science 779,881 699,736 595,136 587,010 551,462 547,022 535,267 549,437 563,061 522,534
      Computer and information sciences 15,434 12,736 9,583 12,701 12,125 10,454 10,339 9,899 7,014 5,567
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 11,609 8,644 7,857 9,845 9,429 11,473 9,783 10,487 10,019 9,951
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 10 5 2 34 13 0 19 21 20 28
        Geological and earth sciences 11,599 8,639 7,855 9,811 9,416 11,473 9,764 10,466 9,999 9,923
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 290,429 275,739 264,394 258,228 239,459 234,055 224,599 212,963 211,287 206,587
        Agricultural sciences 6,615 5,372 5,134 5,506 5,966 5,435 5,953 62,909 62,493 60,630
        Biological and biomedical sciences 140,918 138,783 129,502 130,392 104,849 96,014 85,771 82,402 72,212 73,332
        Health sciences 64,238 60,240 58,481 55,230 61,002 65,785 71,943 67,652 76,582 72,625
        Natural resources and conservation 78,657 71,344 71,277 67,100 67,642 66,821 60,932 0 0 0
        Life sciences nec 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Mathematics and statistics 11,060 9,474 8,067 8,263 8,177 8,376 6,402 7,496 7,763 7,334
      Physical sciences 234,242 196,281 156,896 141,434 130,895 130,883 143,095 158,628 169,149 120,047
        Astronomy and astrophysics 154,863 98,376 71,360 66,219 64,935 67,925 81,798 98,718 114,051 71,942
        Chemistry 55,719 49,390 41,402 36,326 30,743 32,164 31,246 31,346 31,324 27,632
        Materials science 198 104 79 63 1 2 28 0 0 0
        Physics 11,388 37,089 33,755 32,085 29,261 24,630 25,229 25,022 20,320 18,028
        Physical sciences nec 12,074 11,322 10,300 6,741 5,955 6,162 4,794 3,542 3,454 2,445
      Psychology 20,253 16,945 16,892 19,329 17,955 18,004 14,019 13,803 11,277 10,413
      Social sciences 87,836 73,560 56,908 60,568 61,374 58,150 52,879 50,639 52,303 52,023
        Anthropology 411 347 512 453 264 299 201 0 0 0
        Economics 38,399 32,985 29,543 31,706 27,775 26,673 24,234 23,659 27,059 28,052
        Political science and government 18,148 15,580 8,965 9,380 11,013 10,902 8,537 5,302 4,609 4,353
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 7,441 5,935 4,810 3,929 4,400 4,552 4,446 4,800 4,551 5,012
        Social sciences nec 23,437 18,713 13,078 15,100 17,922 15,724 15,461 16,878 16,084 14,606
      Sciences nec 109,018 106,357 74,539 76,642 72,048 75,627 74,151 85,522 94,249 110,612
    Engineering 209,311 206,541 199,711 209,293 200,122 200,668 189,550 185,049 185,078 185,951
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 160 160 217 228 98 203 561 367 340 430
      Chemical engineering 8,524 7,364 7,605 7,665 7,704 7,226 5,641 6,480 6,474 8,391
      Civil engineering 32,095 31,779 37,190 33,921 29,596 30,914 25,262 20,041 14,703 18,202
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 122,840 120,849 112,965 129,736 120,093 123,955 115,519 113,624 115,829 111,865
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 44 27 28 89 1 2 1 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 312 618 443 24 41 144 131 315 304 160
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0
      Engineering nec 45,336 45,744 41,263 37,630 42,589 38,224 42,435 44,222 47,424 46,903
    Non-S&E 87,562 74,758 52,025 43,697 51,347 48,815 46,005 39,769 40,366 35,858
      Business management and business administration 23,571 21,356 17,030 12,957 14,871 13,124 12,922 9,560 8,250 5,175
      Communication and communications technologies 8,606 5,520 5,223 5,834 6,108 5,285 4,826 3,718 2,485 2,170
      Education 22,839 21,245 9,931 7,287 8,166 10,712 9,890 8,546 11,149 11,523
      Humanities 4,962 4,363 3,266 3,425 3,693 3,257 3,341 3,756 3,519 3,031
      Law 26,173 20,943 16,105 13,449 17,750 15,834 14,379 13,614 14,275 13,465
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 581 622 470 745 759 603 647 575 688 494
      Non-S&E nec 830 709 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2023
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields 1,076,754 496,298 47,005 242,494 75,493 188,887 26,577
    Science 779,881 391,728 24,996 166,242 41,696 138,118 17,101
      Computer and information sciences 15,434 1,832 0 3,835 406 9,218 143
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 11,609 7,459 79 2,458 0 1,375 238
        Atmospheric science and meteorology 10 0 0 10 0 0 0
        Geological and earth sciences 11,599 7,459 79 2,448 0 1,375 238
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Life sciences 290,429 141,785 12,156 68,208 17,936 45,497 4,847
        Agricultural sciences 6,615 678 0 4,981 265 591 100
        Biological and biomedical sciences 140,918 77,537 1,710 21,560 7,984 30,028 2,099
        Health sciences 64,238 33,409 3,178 12,042 6,845 8,103 661
        Natural resources and conservation 78,657 30,161 7,268 29,625 2,842 6,774 1,987
        Life sciences nec 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
      Mathematics and statistics 11,060 6,502 0 2,479 86 1,800 193
      Physical sciences 234,242 157,546 6,508 23,736 11,138 28,983 6,331
        Astronomy and astrophysics 154,863 118,279 659 13,088 359 18,685 3,793
        Chemistry 55,719 27,813 215 7,221 10,764 7,197 2,509
        Materials science 198 0 0 178 0 20 0
        Physics 11,388 7,112 707 946 14 2,585 24
        Physical sciences nec 12,074 4,342 4,927 2,303 1 496 5
      Psychology 20,253 8,162 624 4,758 270 6,085 354
      Social sciences 87,836 10,143 3,502 38,045 3,161 30,699 2,286
        Anthropology 411 157 0 217 0 37 0
        Economics 38,399 4,658 510 15,663 2,798 13,226 1,544
        Political science and government 18,148 684 171 6,968 128 10,079 118
        Sociology, demography, and population studies 7,441 868 1,999 3,013 199 1,322 40
        Social sciences nec 23,437 3,776 822 12,184 36 6,035 584
      Sciences nec 109,018 58,299 2,127 22,723 8,699 14,461 2,709
    Engineering 209,311 92,895 16,549 37,508 32,255 22,780 7,324
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 160 0 0 92 9 59 0
      Chemical engineering 8,524 4,221 6 1,253 1,896 874 274
      Civil engineering 32,095 6,035 10,255 8,757 3,232 3,221 595
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering 122,840 70,333 258 15,769 18,719 13,169 4,592
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering 44 0 0 44 0 0 0
      Mechanical engineering 312 0 0 208 0 104 0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Engineering nec 45,336 12,306 6,030 11,385 8,399 5,353 1,863
    Non-S&E 87,562 11,675 5,460 38,744 1,542 27,989 2,152
      Business management and business administration 23,571 2,057 600 8,867 258 10,950 839
      Communication and communications technologies 8,606 867 0 2,879 282 4,182 396
      Education 22,839 7,137 2,937 8,435 50 4,161 119
      Humanities 4,962 448 4 2,878 0 1,521 111
      Law 26,173 1,128 1,842 14,733 952 6,860 658
      Social work 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
      Visual and performing arts 581 0 0 402 0 150 29
      Non-S&E nec 830 38 77 550 0 165 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Federal Agencies 496,298 468,542 354,478 349,989 347,601 329,464 330,339 341,807 346,262 313,390
  DOD 44,502 48,175 42,813 39,226 38,213 37,812 38,489 35,827 33,946 34,888
  DOE 51,123 45,902 42,232 43,606 42,917 36,382 32,549 28,357 19,137 20,164
  HHS 164,520 166,783 137,347 138,471 124,119 118,680 116,731 117,874 107,469 111,897
  NASA 100,825 74,073 41,499 38,006 37,109 32,170 41,120 56,480 69,122 33,141
  NSF 101,951 100,084 63,624 68,052 71,030 78,253 75,045 75,232 80,546 81,752
  USDA 3,722 3,904 3,468 3,129 3,686 3,859 4,762 4,474 4,669 4,286
  Other 29,655 29,621 23,495 19,499 30,527 22,308 21,643 23,563 31,373 27,262

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2023–17 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2023 . . . .
2022 . . . .
2021 . . . .
2020 . . . .
2019 9,575 1,144 8,431 .
2018 9,574 1,146 8,428 .
2017 9,439 1,161 8,278 .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space 2,708 2,398 2,408 2,484 2,551
    Agricultural sciences 74 25 0 0 8
    Biological and biomedical sciences 722 649 724 666 680
    Computer and information sciences 80 22 22 19 19
    Engineering 612 559 572 587 633
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 72 72 72 73 76
    Health sciences 58 90 92 112 130
    Mathematics and statistics 36 34 39 37 38
    Natural resources and conservation 288 190 209 191 175
    Physical sciences 387 377 378 382 401
    Psychology 44 44 44 50 58
    Social sciences 219 219 217 258 245
    Other 117 117 38 109 89

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 178,800 . 44,253 . 60,000
    Biological and biomedical sciences 0 . 44,253 . 0
    Computer and information sciences 178,800 . 0 . 0
    Health sciences 0 . 0 . 24,000
    Psychology 0 . 0 . 36,000

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space 128,500 65,612 43,300 44,000 35,450
    Agricultural sciences 0 6,250 0 0 0
    Biological and biomedical sciences 19,600 37,732 19,600 5,500 14,300
    Computer and information sciences 0 1,485 1,600 0 0
    Engineering 11,400 6,325 1,100 1,000 3,700
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 400 300 750
    Health sciences 34,000 1,185 3,300 3,000 2,400
    Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0 0
    Natural resources and conservation 43,500 750 6,000 23,900 4,000
    Physical sciences 6,500 300 8,700 8,000 9,800
    Psychology 0 0 0 0 0
    Social sciences 13,000 8,585 400 300 500
    Other 500 3,000 2,200 2,000 0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities