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Table 17. Doctoral degrees awarded to male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field of degree, ethnicity, and race of recipients: 2008–18

Field 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, all fieldsa,b 14,774 15,508 15,275 15,396 16,072 16,550 16,660 17,219 17,528 17,554 17,335
Science and engineering 10,375 10,925 11,142 11,405 11,909 12,174 12,451 12,872 13,243 13,383 13,219
Science 8,171 8,577 8,675 8,870 9,258 9,352 9,400 9,743 10,086 10,158 10,130
Computer and information sciences 521 580 585 615 631 610 624 626 618 597 559
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 319 330 324 327 345 338 371 388 441 422 383
Atmospheric sciences 76 70 58 80 88 80 77 98 97 95 100
Earth sciences 166 190 192 180 168 171 180 194 218 204 198
Ocean sciences 77 70 74 67 89 87 114 96 126 123 85
Life sciences 3,270 3,353 3,301 3,404 3,465 3,573 3,561 3,594 3,706 3,807 3,836
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 375 380 314 357 368 391 372 387 413 398 392
Biological and biomedical sciences 2,514 2,571 2,576 2,591 2,629 2,656 2,726 2,765 2,854 2,882 2,931
Health sciences 381 402 411 456 468 526 463 442 439 527 513
Mathematics and Statistics 453 540 588 594 612 632 672 644 694 698 758
Physical sciences 1,519 1,604 1,561 1,698 1,775 1,760 1,799 1,902 2,008 2,015 2,043
Astronomy 127 116 127 136 135 140 143 134 155 162 173
Chemistry 793 848 811 833 858 849 883 941 986 1,032 1,049
Physics 599 640 623 729 782 771 773 827 867 821 821
Psychology and social sciences 2,089 2,170 2,316 2,232 2,430 2,439 2,373 2,589 2,619 2,619 2,551
Anthropology 153 153 144 180 141 150 139 142 127 117 93
Economics 261 281 300 290 345 341 323 366 361 372 345
Political science 246 289 315 262 312 336 317 376 352 354 312
Psychology 831 817 871 841 869 834 859 871 965 967 951
Sociology 168 199 197 184 186 211 189 216 199 215 211
Other social sciences 430 431 489 475 577 567 546 618 615 594 639
Engineering 2,204 2,348 2,467 2,535 2,651 2,822 3,051 3,129 3,157 3,225 3,089
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 109 138 119 128 153 162 208 183 198 216 193
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 283 302 304 340 373 404 402 438 467 409 436
Chemical engineering 272 295 295 265 257 250 326 340 333 351 339
Civil engineering 149 193 153 154 112 130 156 162 158 158 143
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 465 483 520 528 495 514 484 533 466 484 446
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 55 44 39 67 46 52 60 38 61 55 42
Materials science engineering 198 170 222 208 255 254 274 284 339 351 337
Mechanical engineering 304 347 341 371 421 450 473 512 486 502 510
Other engineering 369 376 474 474 539 606 668 639 649 699 643
Non-science and engineering 4,399 4,583 4,133 3,991 4,163 4,376 4,209 4,347 4,285 4,171 4,116
Education 1,799 1,845 1,390 1,163 1,240 1,294 1,192 1,302 1,271 1,242 1,222
Humanities and arts 1,849 1,916 1,980 2,054 2,164 2,242 2,164 2,197 2,141 2,101 2,084
Other non-science and engineering 751 822 763 774 759 840 853 848 873 828 810
Hispanic or Latino, all fields 748 853 815 893 948 905 999 1,119 1,134 1,153 1,202
Science and engineering 522 555 569 644 692 638 731 832 849 845 908
Science 434 440 443 502 558 509 556 611 651 641 700
Computer and information sciences 14 15 14 D 22 23 19 29 27 34 30
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 7 15 15 11 13 17 21 20 23 D 23
Atmospheric sciences D D D D D D D D D D 11
Earth sciences D D D 5 7 5 11 11 D 12 D
Ocean sciences D 5 6 D D D D D 5 10 D
Life sciences 180 172 183 209 212 220 228 273 242 242 267
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 15 14 11 26 24 25 24 24 19 19 19
Biological and biomedical sciences 146 139 156 164 160 171 180 216 192 195 212
Health sciences 19 19 16 19 28 24 24 33 31 28 36
Mathematics and Statistics 24 24 30 D 35 28 29 31 50 D 41
Physical sciences 63 66 57 84 84 79 111 82 90 106 115
Astronomy D D D 6 D D D D D D 6
Chemistry 42 44 25 53 36 39 53 42 43 50 64
Physics D D D 25 D D D D D D 45
Psychology and social sciences 146 148 144 154 192 142 148 176 219 202 224
Anthropology D D 10 15 12 11 9 15 13 12 D
Economics D D 25 16 21 15 17 19 18 23 D
Political science 12 18 11 19 15 15 14 19 26 17 21
Psychology 75 60 53 67 87 45 60 62 92 77 104
Sociology 18 14 15 14 17 18 12 24 14 21 21
Other social sciences 22 34 30 23 40 38 36 37 56 52 49
Engineering 88 115 126 142 134 129 175 221 198 204 208
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering D D D 8 8 D 20 D D D D
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 12 13 15 17 18 17 20 34 33 21 28
Chemical engineering 13 12 14 20 14 12 14 19 21 17 26
Civil engineering D 11 10 D D D 5 8 D 12 12
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 21 D 28 29 26 26 D D 22 35 18
Industrial and manufacturing engineering D D D 5 D D D D D D D
Materials science engineering D D 12 D 13 10 19 D 21 22 26
Mechanical engineering 10 18 18 16 22 28 D 25 26 35 D
Other engineering 12 21 21 25 23 17 44 53 42 44 48
Non-science and engineering 226 298 246 249 256 267 268 287 285 308 294
Education 110 137 92 65 82 81 72 85 91 99 79
Humanities and arts 84 119 119 136 135 143 152 166 140 146 177
Other non-science and engineering 32 42 35 48 39 43 44 36 54 63 38
Not Hispanic or Latino, all fields
American Indian or Alaska Native, all fields 49 56 58 50 41 56 49 58 57 48 43
Science and engineering 27 33 43 D 28 34 34 30 35 35 27
Science 22 D D 28 D D 27 24 D 26 D
Computer and information sciences 0 0 D D D 0 D D 0 0 D
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences D D 0 D D D 0 D D 0 D
Atmospheric sciences 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D
Earth sciences D 0 0 D D D 0 D D 0 0
Ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 D D 0 0 0 0 0
Life sciences D 13 10 7 6 11 8 D 6 D D
Agricultural sciences and natural resources D D D 0 D D D 0 D D D
Biological and biomedical sciences D D D D D D D D D D D
Health sciences 0 D D D 0 D D D D D D
Mathematics and Statistics 0 D D D 0 0 D 0 D D D
Physical sciences D D D D D D 5 D D D 5
Astronomy 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 D 0 0
Chemistry D D D D 0 D D D D D D
Physics 0 0 D 0 D D D D 0 0 D
Psychology and social sciences 10 D 17 13 13 D D 16 16 11 D
Anthropology 0 D D D D D D D D 0 0
Economics 0 0 D D 0 0 0 D D D 0
Political science D 0 D D 0 D 0 D D D D
Psychology D D D D D D 6 D 5 D D
Sociology 0 D D D D 0 D D 0 D D
Other social sciences D D D D D D D 7 7 D D
Engineering 5 D D D D D 7 6 D 9 D
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering D 0 0 D 0 0 D D 0 0 D
Chemical engineering D D 0 D D D 0 D 0 0 D
Civil engineering 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 D D D
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering D D 0 D D D D 0 D 0 0
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0
Materials science engineering 0 0 0 D D 0 D 0 0 0 0
Mechanical engineering D 0 D D 0 D 0 0 0 D 0
Other engineering D D D D 0 0 D D D D 0
Non-science and engineering 22 23 15 D 13 22 15 28 22 13 16
Education 13 14 5 7 D 9 6 D D D D
Humanities and arts D D D 6 D D D D D 6 D
Other non-science and engineering D D D D D D D D D D 0
Asian, all fields 1,127 1,163 1,220 1,263 1,312 1,264 1,243 1,360 1,432 1,651 1,563
Science and engineering 976 981 1,046 1,098 1,107 1,088 1,082 1,183 1,263 1,469 1,374
Science 657 653 693 716 736 722 705 748 824 967 926
Computer and information sciences 75 D 93 106 89 95 86 85 89 98 77
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 10 D 7 19 19 9 7 13 25 20 23
Atmospheric sciences D 0 D D D D D D D D D
Earth sciences D D D D D D D D 12 5 9
Ocean sciences D 0 0 D 7 D D D D D D
Life sciences 314 305 312 331 333 322 317 340 367 409 404
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 16 14 11 18 11 11 13 17 19 24 17
Biological and biomedical sciences 254 244 255 258 282 266 255 284 299 327 332
Health sciences 44 47 46 55 40 45 49 39 49 58 55
Mathematics and Statistics 35 43 41 48 42 67 53 49 62 77 80
Physical sciences 125 103 125 105 127 109 132 137 151 193 193
Astronomy 7 D D D 5 D D D 7 10 D
Chemistry 71 D D 49 74 48 D 66 76 98 D
Physics 47 41 48 D 48 D 66 D 68 85 90
Psychology and social sciences 98 106 115 107 126 120 110 124 130 170 149
Anthropology 10 D D 10 D 7 D 10 D 7 7
Economics 28 D 27 D 36 27 D 32 27 42 31
Political science 8 12 13 D D 14 12 13 15 13 17
Psychology 22 D 37 31 41 36 27 37 D 50 51
Sociology 13 13 D 5 11 8 11 6 14 11 10
Other social sciences 17 22 23 23 24 28 29 26 36 47 33
Engineering 319 328 353 382 371 366 377 435 439 502 448
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering D D 9 D D D D D 14 D D
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 48 48 54 64 D 82 65 D 103 98 97
Chemical engineering 25 33 33 D 28 D 40 42 45 63 41
Civil engineering 13 18 D 27 D 13 10 15 16 D D
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering D D 106 120 D 92 92 110 82 112 94
Industrial and manufacturing engineering D 8 D D D D D D 7 D D
Materials science engineering 23 16 33 31 31 31 27 40 45 40 D
Mechanical engineering 26 35 38 41 28 40 D 56 53 56 58
Other engineering 51 D 60 54 60 58 74 66 74 82 74
Non-science and engineering 151 182 174 165 205 176 161 177 169 182 189
Education 51 46 44 42 38 50 36 40 38 48 46
Humanities and arts 57 72 64 63 80 68 60 68 59 75 75
Other non-science and engineering 43 64 66 60 87 58 65 69 72 59 68
Black or African American, all fields 712 790 697 666 741 801 821 807 863 847 926
Science and engineering 357 405 380 415 441 517 521 507 527 529 589
Science 289 317 287 330 345 403 416 397 413 412 484
Computer and information sciences D 20 D 14 20 18 27 21 22 17 24
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences D D D D 11 D 11 8 D D D
Atmospheric sciences D D 0 D D D D D D D D
Earth sciences D D 6 D D D 6 D D D D
Ocean sciences D 0 D D D D D D 0 D D
Life sciences 105 131 111 143 131 175 171 137 159 178 191
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 14 14 12 16 19 19 19 18 16 13 24
Biological and biomedical sciences 72 89 69 93 76 96 97 85 111 108 113
Health sciences 19 28 30 34 36 60 55 34 32 57 54
Mathematics and Statistics 15 13 13 12 13 20 25 16 24 D 14
Physical sciences 35 D 36 D 55 D 53 47 49 42 D
Astronomy 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D D D D
Chemistry D 25 26 25 D 29 36 36 D 26 41
Physics D D 10 D D D D D 14 D 9
Psychology and social sciences 113 114 102 120 115 138 129 168 D 152 194
Anthropology D 7 D 6 D D 8 6 D 5 D
Economics 9 8 D 9 11 D 11 D D 10 13
Political science 12 11 13 7 14 21 15 20 15 22 20
Psychology 33 40 27 43 28 35 25 47 50 47 D
Sociology D 15 17 15 10 18 15 15 15 18 25
Other social sciences 45 33 29 40 D 50 55 D 61 50 77
Engineering 68 88 93 85 96 114 105 110 114 117 105
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering D D D D 7 D D D D D D
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 7 8 8 10 9 11 10 9 13 15 D
Chemical engineering 9 D D 5 D D D D D D 6
Civil engineering D 7 11 7 5 7 D D D D D
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 11 20 D D 17 D D 20 D D 15
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 5 D 5 5 D 9 D D D 9 0
Materials science engineering D D D 8 D 7 D 6 D D 20
Mechanical engineering D D D D D D D D D 16 D
Other engineering D 12 20 D 27 D 28 30 D 29 23
Non-science and engineering 355 385 317 251 300 284 300 300 336 318 337
Education 215 243 191 130 154 151 147 165 186 170 166
Humanities and arts 80 71 73 64 79 67 73 66 69 62 87
Other non-science and engineering 60 71 53 57 67 66 80 69 81 86 84
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, all fields 37 22 21 24 21 20 28 22 25 18 20
Science and engineering 27 16 16 D 14 13 21 17 17 12 14
Science D D D 16 D D D D D D D
Computer and information sciences 0 0 D D 0 0 0 0 D D 0
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Atmospheric sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earth sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ocean sciences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Life sciences 11 7 6 10 D D 12 5 6 D D
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 0 D D 0 0 D D D 0 0 0
Biological and biomedical sciences D D D D D D D D D D D
Health sciences D D D D D D D D D 0 D
Mathematics and Statistics D 0 0 0 D D 0 D 0 0 D
Physical sciences 5 D D D D D 0 5 D D D
Astronomy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0
Chemistry D D D D D D 0 D 0 D 0
Physics D D 0 D D 0 0 D D 0 D
Psychology and social sciences 6 D D D 5 D D D D 0 D
Anthropology D 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0
Economics 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 D D 0 0
Political science 0 D 0 D D 0 D D 0 0 0
Psychology D D D D D D 0 0 D 0 0
Sociology D 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0
Other social sciences D D D 0 0 0 D D D 0 D
Engineering D D D D D D D D D D D
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering D 0 0 D D 0 D 0 D D D
Chemical engineering D 0 D D 0 D 0 0 0 0 0
Civil engineering 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 D
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D D
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 0 0 0 0 D 0 D 0 D 0 D
Materials science engineering 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mechanical engineering D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other engineering 0 0 D D D 0 D D D D 0
Non-science and engineering 10 6 5 D 7 7 7 5 8 6 6
Education D D D D D D D D D D D
Humanities and arts D D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-science and engineering D D 0 D D D 0 0 0 0 D
White, all fields 11,297 11,661 11,604 11,737 12,168 12,582 12,590 12,978 13,031 12,663 12,618
Science and engineering 7,898 8,213 8,445 8,610 8,975 9,199 9,372 9,623 9,773 9,568 9,551
Science 6,303 6,605 6,720 6,825 7,082 7,172 7,171 7,435 7,574 7,417 7,428
Computer and information sciences 387 420 417 442 450 431 462 445 434 397 388
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 284 282 274 280 285 280 308 327 373 343 309
Atmospheric sciences 72 55 D 71 68 68 67 84 74 76 75
Earth sciences 142 164 164 157 143 146 143 160 186 172 168
Ocean sciences 70 63 D 52 74 66 98 83 113 95 66
Life sciences 2,489 2,547 2,518 2,542 2,599 2,672 2,645 2,664 2,723 2,708 2,744
Agricultural sciences and natural resources 309 313 262 284 299 319 296 310 337 313 306
Biological and biomedical sciences 1,893 1,955 1,960 1,940 1,963 1,983 2,040 2,042 2,082 2,049 2,105
Health sciences 287 279 296 318 337 370 309 312 304 346 333
Mathematics and Statistics 355 423 469 477 490 477 532 502 503 506 577
Physical sciences 1,201 1,285 1,244 1,373 1,422 1,428 1,388 1,536 1,607 1,551 1,578
Astronomy 114 104 114 119 122 121 115 113 128 132 153
Chemistry 611 661 639 666 674 685 677 740 781 786 797
Physics 476 520 491 588 626 622 596 683 698 633 628
Psychology and social sciences 1,587 1,648 1,798 1,711 1,836 1,884 1,836 1,961 1,934 1,912 1,832
Anthropology 126 120 114 136 111 118 101 98 97 81 71
Economics 197 217 215 231 259 270 251 281 278 257 253
Political science 199 225 260 200 251 261 264 299 272 280 238
Psychology 640 637 683 647 659 666 687 684 719 737 693
Sociology 115 142 146 133 135 157 145 155 146 146 136
Other social sciences 310 307 380 364 421 412 388 444 422 411 441
Engineering 1,595 1,608 1,725 1,785 1,893 2,027 2,201 2,188 2,199 2,151 2,123
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 86 D 98 94 115 126 159 147 151 158 142
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 194 202 212 232 253 262 281 281 295 246 264
Chemical engineering 209 215 219 207 195 184 242 254 243 245 244
Civil engineering 116 149 107 100 79 100 120 119 116 108 91
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 286 283 325 332 304 328 324 330 295 268 291
Industrial and manufacturing engineering 36 D 24 46 28 35 41 23 36 27 35
Materials science engineering 153 119 159 144 184 195 209 197 237 248 227
Mechanical engineering 238 247 252 278 332 327 361 385 363 359 370
Other engineering 277 265 329 352 403 470 464 452 463 492 459
Non-science and engineering 3,399 3,448 3,159 3,127 3,193 3,383 3,218 3,355 3,258 3,095 3,067
Education 1,313 1,315 994 874 903 943 851 947 884 852 855
Humanities and arts 1,517 1,529 1,597 1,689 1,764 1,813 1,759 1,776 1,757 1,682 1,635
Other non-science and engineering 569 604 568 564 526 627 608 632 617 561 577
More than one race, all fields 227 300 263 346 347 388 411 394 455 462 486
Science and engineering 158 219 195 274 276 290 312 311 365 369 393
Science 125 186 154 219 226 230 241 244 278 289 295
Computer and information sciences D D 12 D 15 13 D D 20 D D
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences D 5 5 D D D 12 D 5 11 12
Atmospheric sciences 0 D D 0 D D D 0 D D D
Earth sciences D D D D D D D 6 D D D
Ocean sciences D 0 D 0 D D 5 D D D D
Life sciences D 74 55 84 D D 100 89 107 D 123
Agricultural sciences and natural resources D 6 D D D D D D 7 D 13
Biological and biomedical sciences 43 56 44 68 73 72 85 80 90 96 90
Health sciences D 12 D D 12 9 D D 10 11 20
Mathematics and Statistics D D D D D 15 D 12 26 21 D
Physical sciences 26 27 33 48 32 44 47 49 57 58 49
Astronomy D D 0 D 0 D D D D D 0
Chemistry 11 16 16 D 18 D 29 D D 32 D
Physics D D 17 30 14 22 D 18 23 D D
Psychology and social sciences 36 D D D 67 60 57 72 63 69 73
Anthropology 0 D D D D D 9 D 5 5 D
Economics D D 5 D 9 D D D 6 D D
Political science D D D 6 D 11 5 9 D D 7
Psychology 13 25 20 D 26 14 17 21 28 D 25
Sociology D D D D D 8 D 10 6 D 7
Other social sciences D D D D 15 16 13 19 D D 21
Engineering 33 33 41 55 50 60 71 67 87 80 98
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 0 D D D D D D D 9 D 6
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering D 7 8 D 6 12 9 12 14 D 20
Chemical engineering D D D D D D D D D D D
Civil engineering D 0 D D D D D D D 0 D
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 9 D D 12 9 14 9 13 D 13 D
Industrial and manufacturing engineering D D D D 0 0 0 D D D D
Materials science engineering D D D 7 7 6 D 5 D D D
Mechanical engineering D D D 8 D 10 D D D D 16
Other engineering D 6 6 12 D D 16 15 14 13 17
Non-science and engineering 69 81 68 72 71 98 99 83 90 93 93
Education 21 D 22 21 21 22 31 D 28 29 35
Humanities and arts 40 37 34 34 40 60 53 45 39 45 47
Other non-science and engineering 8 D 12 17 10 16 15 D 23 19 11
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information.
a Total includes doctorate recipients who did not report their race or ethnicity, not shown separately.
b Ethnicity and race categories are as designated on survey form. Hispanic or Latino may be of any race or unreported race. American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, white, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander are single race and not Hispanic. More than one race includes doctorate recipients who are not Hispanic and indicated more than one race category. Ethnicity and race categories include U.S. citizens and foreign citizens on permanent visas (i.e., resident aliens who have been admitted for permanent residency).
NOTE: See technical table A-1 for specific fields included in each category.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.