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nsf.gov - Table 12 - NCSES Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2010 - US National Science Foundation (NSF) SAS Output
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Table 12. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and broad field of highest degree, employment sector, and primary or secondary work activity: 2010
 

Level and field of highest degree and employment sector              Primary/ secondary work activity
Employed scientists and engineers Computer applications Management, sales, administration Research and development Teaching Other
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All degree levels and fieldsa 65,000 500 78,000 2,000 70,000 500 70,000 1,500 50,000 500 60,000 500
Business/ industry 70,000 500 82,000 5,000 73,000 2,500 78,000 2,000 50,000 500 62,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 50,000 500 50,000 2,500 56,000 3,000 49,000 3,000 56,000 2,000 52,000 1,500
Other educational institution 49,000 2,000 47,000 5,500 54,000 2,500 50,000 2,500 48,000 1,000 50,000 500
Government 70,000 500 75,000 4,500 75,000 2,000 70,000 2,000 59,000 2,500 62,000 2,000
S&E field 63,000 1,500 82,000 1,500 67,000 1,500 74,000 1,000 43,000 1,000 50,000 1,000
Business/ industry 69,000 2,000 85,000 2,500 70,000 1,500 80,000 1,500 33,000 3,000 50,000 500
4-year college/ university 45,000 500 50,000 1,000 55,000 1,500 44,000 1,500 54,000 3,500 40,000 2,500
Other educational institution 45,000 2,500 50,000 5,000 45,000 2,000 46,000 2,000 42,000 2,000 46,000 1,500
Government 70,000 1,500 77,000 3,500 73,000 2,500 72,000 2,500 55,000 2,000 57,000 2,000
Sciences 56,000 1,500 80,000 1,000 60,000 500 65,000 500 42,000 2,000 47,000 2,000
Business/ industry 60,000 1,000 83,000 3,000 60,000 500 75,000 1,000 30,000 3,000 45,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 45,000 500 50,000 1,000 53,000 1,500 45,000 1,000 53,000 3,000 41,000 3,000
Other educational institution 45,000 2,000 48,000 5,000 45,000 2,500 46,000 1,500 43,000 2,000 46,000 2,000
Government 64,000 2,000 75,000 4,500 69,000 2,000 65,000 2,500 52,000 6,000 54,000 2,500
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences degree fields 50,000 4,500 77,000 7,000 58,000 1,500 56,000 2,500 45,000 2,500 45,000 2,000
Business/ industry 52,000 2,000 80,000 2,000 57,000 3,000 64,000 3,000 32,000 6,500 44,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 44,000 1,000 41,000 6,000 53,000 3,500 42,000 500 55,000 1,500 45,000 3,500
Other educational institution 45,000 3,000 54,000 1,000 40,000 3,500 48,000 2,500 45,000 5,000 45,000 2,500
Government 62,000 2,500 94,000 24,500 69,000 3,000 65,000 6,000 43,000 2,500 50,000 2,000
Agricultural/ food sciences 50,000 4,000 55,000 4,000 57,000 6,000 61,000 6,500 46,000 7,000 39,000 7,000
Business/ industry 49,000 3,000 82,000 17,000 50,000 7,500 63,000 6,500 47,000 12,000 35,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 49,000 4,000 S S 56,000 10,500 49,000 6,000 60,000 4,000 50,000 5,500
Other educational institution 46,000 10,500 D D 40,000 9,000 S S 45,000 10,500 S S
Government 67,000 11,000 D D 74,000 7,500 69,000 10,500 35,000 8,500 46,000 6,000
Biological sciences 50,000 500 76,000 6,000 58,000 1,500 55,000 1,000 44,000 3,000 46,000 2,500
Business/ industry 52,000 2,000 80,000 3,000 57,000 3,500 65,000 3,000 30,000 5,000 44,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 44,000 2,000 42,000 7,500 55,000 7,000 42,000 1,000 54,000 1,000 44,000 1,500
Other educational institution 45,000 3,000 D D 41,000 3,500 47,000 9,000 44,000 3,500 45,000 1,000
Government 60,000 1,500 71,000 16,000 67,000 4,000 60,000 3,000 46,000 16,500 54,000 2,000
Environmental life sciences 57,000 4,500 98,000 19,500 64,000 5,000 62,000 5,500 41,000 5,500 49,000 7,000
Business/ industry 60,000 6,500 84,000 10,000 65,000 6,500 62,000 11,000 S S 59,000 10,000
4-year college/ university 43,000 11,500 48,000 11,500 48,000 7,000 31,000 11,500 50,000 7,000 62,000 6,000
Other educational institution 38,000 5,000 D D S S 46,000 2,500 47,000 2,000 S S
Government 64,000 7,000 S S 68,000 7,000 73,000 8,500 S S 43,000 5,000
Computer/ mathematical sciences degree fields 79,000 2,000 85,000 1,000 83,000 3,000 84,000 3,000 46,000 2,000 60,000 1,500
Business/ industry 84,000 2,000 88,000 3,000 85,000 2,500 90,000 3,000 55,000 8,500 62,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 56,000 3,500 56,000 1,500 68,000 7,500 60,000 4,000 50,000 8,500 59,000 1,500
Other educational institution 46,000 2,000 50,000 9,500 50,000 8,000 46,000 500 44,000 2,500 49,000 9,000
Government 80,000 3,500 80,000 7,000 85,000 7,000 72,000 7,000 90,000 22,000 56,000 4,500
Computer/ information sciences 80,000 500 85,000 1,000 85,000 2,000 84,000 3,500 50,000 7,000 60,000 3,000
Business/ industry 85,000 1,500 88,000 3,000 89,000 4,000 87,000 3,500 59,000 18,000 62,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 56,000 3,000 56,000 2,500 68,000 15,000 53,000 4,000 68,000 9,500 57,000 2,500
Other educational institution 50,000 7,500 55,000 8,000 61,000 7,500 57,000 13,000 42,000 10,500 57,000 21,500
Government 78,000 5,500 81,000 4,500 80,000 9,000 71,000 9,500 66,000 3,000 56,000 5,500
Mathematics/ statistics 70,000 2,000 82,000 2,500 74,000 3,500 84,000 5,000 46,000 2,000 56,000 7,000
Business/ industry 81,000 2,500 87,000 4,000 75,000 5,500 95,000 7,000 54,000 13,000 60,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 52,000 5,000 50,000 6,000 68,000 7,000 65,000 3,500 46,000 10,500 62,000 2,500
Other educational institution 45,000 2,000 32,000 6,500 40,000 4,500 46,000 3,000 45,000 3,000 45,000 5,000
Government 85,000 7,500 73,000 9,000 88,000 7,000 75,000 8,000 S S 58,000 17,500
Physical sciences degree fields 68,000 2,500 67,000 5,500 75,000 3,500 74,000 2,500 49,000 2,000 56,000 4,500
Business/ industry 75,000 4,500 76,000 8,500 80,000 5,500 87,000 3,500 S S 57,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 49,000 3,000 44,000 500 67,000 7,000 48,000 4,000 59,000 5,000 40,000 15,500
Other educational institution 44,000 3,000 47,000 14,000 40,000 10,000 46,000 2,000 44,000 4,000 44,000 2,000
Government 72,000 5,500 77,000 7,000 79,000 6,500 74,000 8,000 64,000 5,000 64,000 3,000
Chemistry, except biochemistry 68,000 3,500 65,000 3,500 79,000 4,500 73,000 4,500 53,000 3,000 53,000 3,500
Business/ industry 77,000 4,500 64,000 6,000 90,000 7,000 85,000 5,000 S S 54,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 42,000 4,500 44,000 5,000 59,000 8,500 39,000 2,000 54,000 1,500 40,000 16,500
Other educational institution 49,000 4,000 D D 49,000 12,000 46,000 1,000 51,000 6,500 37,000 4,000
Government 69,000 2,500 61,000 15,500 74,000 5,000 73,000 8,000 S S 61,000 12,000
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 64,000 4,500 49,000 20,500 65,000 9,000 70,000 4,000 37,000 17,500 59,000 5,500
Business/ industry 72,000 6,000 S S 75,000 8,000 80,000 9,500 S S 58,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 58,000 13,000 S S 69,000 12,500 62,000 6,500 65,000 6,500 S S
Other educational institution S S D D S S 40,000 7,500 S S 45,000 1,000
Government 64,000 4,000 91,000 12,000 60,000 12,000 62,000 6,500 * * 64,000 4,500
Physics/ astronomy 75,000 4,000 78,000 2,000 84,000 3,000 80,000 2,500 50,000 1,000 65,000 10,000
Business/ industry 84,000 8,000 90,000 6,000 78,000 12,500 92,000 7,000 46,000 15,500 69,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 55,000 3,000 44,000 3,000 89,000 3,500 55,000 3,500 65,000 5,000 65,000 13,500
Other educational institution 43,000 5,000 S S 44,000 8,500 44,000 13,500 40,000 7,000 45,000 14,500
Government 87,000 4,500 78,000 18,000 87,000 2,000 98,000 4,000 S S 60,000 23,000
Other physical sciences 56,000 9,000 43,000 15,500 64,000 15,500 67,000 22,000 28,000 7,000 50,000 7,000
Business/ industry 57,000 11,500 D D 58,000 7,000 S S D D 41,000 15,500
4-year college/ university 43,000 3,000 S S 44,000 6,000 37,000 9,500 56,000 8,500 * *
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 80,000 1,000 * * 84,000 11,000 77,000 13,000 D D S S
Social sciences degree fields 49,000 5,000 55,000 5,500 52,000 1,500 53,000 3,000 40,000 2,000 45,000 1,000
Business/ industry 48,000 1,500 58,000 8,000 50,000 500 57,000 4,000 30,000 3,000 42,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 42,000 1,500 39,000 5,000 45,000 3,500 43,000 3,500 48,000 5,000 35,000 2,000
Other educational institution 44,000 2,000 46,000 2,500 45,000 2,500 43,000 6,500 40,000 2,500 48,000 3,500
Government 60,000 1,000 62,000 3,000 64,000 3,000 60,000 2,000 49,000 6,000 52,000 3,500
Economics 65,000 3,500 61,000 13,000 68,000 4,000 77,000 7,500 33,000 6,000 59,000 7,500
Business/ industry 64,000 3,500 60,000 17,000 67,000 4,500 80,000 8,500 27,000 1,500 60,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 60,000 7,500 S S 55,000 14,500 72,000 11,500 70,000 3,500 62,000 10,000
Other educational institution 40,000 7,000 D D 59,000 14,500 S S 36,000 6,500 54,000 7,500
Government 69,000 5,500 77,000 10,000 79,000 10,500 65,000 13,000 S S 50,000 9,000
Political/ related sciences 55,000 1,000 68,000 9,000 60,000 3,000 58,000 5,500 45,000 6,000 49,000 1,000
Business/ industry 55,000 500 73,000 7,500 60,000 5,000 60,000 6,500 30,000 10,500 49,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 41,000 3,500 S S 48,000 11,500 44,000 10,500 55,000 5,500 38,000 3,000
Other educational institution 43,000 2,500 D D 43,000 3,000 48,000 7,500 42,000 3,000 32,000 2,000
Government 65,000 5,000 62,000 7,500 70,000 3,500 68,000 6,000 70,000 4,000 55,000 3,000
Psychology 43,000 3,000 48,000 8,000 47,000 2,000 50,000 1,500 39,000 2,000 42,000 1,000
Business/ industry 40,000 1,000 51,000 8,500 45,000 2,500 50,000 1,500 29,000 4,500 36,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 38,000 3,000 37,000 10,500 43,000 7,500 42,000 6,000 45,000 6,500 30,000 2,000
Other educational institution 45,000 2,500 63,000 24,500 44,000 3,500 49,000 5,000 40,000 2,000 50,000 3,000
Government 54,000 3,000 38,000 7,000 59,000 2,500 54,000 1,500 45,000 6,000 50,000 3,500
Sociology/ anthropology 44,000 3,000 55,000 9,000 48,000 3,000 47,000 4,000 40,000 3,500 40,000 1,500
Business/ industry 40,000 1,000 69,000 19,000 44,000 3,000 45,000 7,500 25,000 4,000 36,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 40,000 2,000 51,000 8,000 42,000 3,500 40,000 3,500 50,000 4,500 35,000 2,000
Other educational institution 40,000 4,000 S S 44,000 14,500 S S 38,000 8,500 40,000 6,500
Government 61,000 4,500 62,000 4,000 64,000 3,500 60,000 6,500 56,000 6,500 49,000 5,500
Other social sciences 45,000 1,500 49,000 5,500 46,000 2,000 47,000 4,500 42,000 6,000 40,000 6,000
Business/ industry 41,000 3,000 50,000 11,500 44,000 2,000 45,000 6,500 33,000 10,500 34,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 44,000 6,500 28,000 5,500 49,000 14,000 50,000 3,000 40,000 15,000 37,000 10,000
Other educational institution 46,000 5,000 S S 46,000 5,000 32,000 7,500 46,000 3,500 39,000 12,000
Government 65,000 5,000 59,000 17,000 65,000 8,000 59,000 9,500 S S 64,000 12,500
Engineering 86,000 2,000 90,000 1,000 91,000 2,500 87,000 2,000 53,000 9,500 76,000 2,500
Business/ industry 90,000 1,500 91,000 2,500 93,000 1,500 90,000 1,000 67,000 14,000 78,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 43,000 4,500 46,000 10,500 78,000 4,500 39,000 7,000 59,000 17,500 S S
Other educational institution 40,000 3,500 S S 47,000 5,000 S S 35,000 7,000 34,000 11,000
Government 84,000 4,000 79,000 3,500 86,000 3,500 86,000 2,500 S S 78,000 4,500
Aerospace/ related engineering 87,000 11,000 93,000 10,000 94,000 11,500 99,000 4,500 67,000 17,500 70,000 10,000
Business/ industry 95,000 5,000 93,000 7,500 101,000 12,500 99,000 2,500 70,000 32,000 80,000 11,500
4-year college/ university 44,000 15,000 * * S S 43,000 7,500 S S * *
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 76,000 5,000 S S 76,000 3,000 107,000 7,000 S S S S
Chemical engineering 91,000 4,500 95,000 5,000 98,000 4,000 94,000 5,000 49,000 5,000 88,000 3,000
Business/ industry 96,000 3,500 96,000 5,000 99,000 4,000 98,000 3,000 102,000 28,000 90,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 38,000 4,500 25,000 10,500 S S 31,000 12,000 69,000 28,500 24,000 2,000
Other educational institution 35,000 14,000 D D * * S S 35,000 14,500 D D
Government 83,000 12,000 S S 95,000 24,500 78,000 8,500 D D 78,000 2,500
Civil/ architectural engineering 78,000 2,500 78,000 4,500 85,000 2,500 75,000 1,500 50,000 7,000 75,000 2,000
Business/ industry 76,000 2,000 83,000 12,000 81,000 6,000 72,000 3,000 S S 75,000 4,000
4-year college/ university S S S S 86,000 10,000 24,000 3,500 65,000 27,000 * *
Other educational institution 48,000 9,000 D D S S D D 41,000 18,500 S S
Government 85,000 1,500 78,000 2,500 86,000 2,000 82,000 6,000 96,000 4,500 75,000 5,500
Electrical/ computer engineering 92,000 3,000 90,000 3,500 100,000 2,000 95,000 1,000 36,000 18,000 78,000 5,000
Business/ industry 95,000 1,000 93,000 3,000 100,000 1,000 98,000 3,000 58,000 27,000 81,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 40,000 19,000 57,000 8,500 86,000 11,500 43,000 14,500 S S S S
Other educational institution 42,000 15,000 52,000 1,500 45,000 2,500 S S S S S S
Government 86,000 6,000 80,000 7,000 100,000 9,000 84,000 7,500 D D 76,000 4,000
Industrial engineering 82,000 2,500 91,000 2,500 83,000 3,000 82,000 2,000 51,000 3,500 70,000 4,000
Business/ industry 85,000 3,000 91,000 4,000 85,000 4,500 82,000 2,000 S S 72,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 59,000 1,500 * * 73,000 3,000 59,000 2,000 73,000 4,500 44,000 16,000
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D S S S S
Government 77,000 2,500 S S 77,000 6,500 89,000 12,000 D D S S
Mechanical engineering 83,000 3,000 80,000 3,500 90,000 2,000 81,000 3,500 53,000 10,500 73,000 5,000
Business/ industry 84,000 2,000 83,000 3,500 90,000 4,500 82,000 3,000 78,000 21,500 71,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 50,000 25,000 25,000 2,500 63,000 4,000 S S S S S S
Other educational institution 33,000 15,500 D D S S D D S S S S
Government 87,000 6,500 71,000 18,000 90,000 3,500 89,000 8,500 S S 90,000 9,000
Other engineering 83,000 2,000 80,000 3,000 90,000 3,500 80,000 2,500 55,000 1,000 81,000 6,000
Business/ industry 85,000 2,000 80,000 8,000 93,000 3,500 85,000 2,000 S S 84,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 41,000 5,000 52,000 2,500 89,000 17,000 39,000 5,000 78,000 5,000 37,000 16,500
Other educational institution 39,000 6,000 S S 49,000 22,000 S S 37,000 15,500 * *
Government 87,000 8,000 78,000 15,500 89,000 5,500 90,000 3,500 S S 80,000 1,500
S&E-related field 67,000 2,000 73,000 4,000 73,000 2,500 67,000 2,500 57,000 2,000 70,000 1,500
Business/ industry 70,000 1,500 75,000 2,000 75,000 3,000 70,000 2,500 60,000 2,000 70,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 60,000 2,000 56,000 14,000 69,000 4,500 56,000 4,000 64,000 6,000 60,000 3,000
Other educational institution 50,000 2,000 51,000 23,000 50,000 2,500 49,000 4,500 49,000 2,000 50,000 1,500
Government 72,000 3,500 80,000 12,500 80,000 1,000 79,000 10,000 65,000 3,500 71,000 3,000
Health 70,000 1,000 64,000 6,500 76,000 4,000 65,000 2,500 60,000 500 70,000 500
Business/ industry 72,000 1,500 63,000 5,500 79,000 1,000 71,000 4,500 63,000 3,500 72,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 62,000 3,500 64,000 20,500 70,000 5,000 56,000 4,000 69,000 5,000 60,000 3,500
Other educational institution 50,000 1,500 S S 53,000 1,500 45,000 4,500 49,000 1,000 50,000 2,500
Government 70,000 3,000 71,000 2,500 80,000 4,000 72,000 6,500 65,000 3,000 70,000 3,500
Science/ mathematics teacher education 46,000 3,000 41,000 19,500 46,000 3,500 53,000 4,000 48,000 3,500 41,000 2,000
Business/ industry 37,000 6,500 81,000 15,000 40,000 11,000 56,000 16,500 S S 39,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 34,000 11,500 D D 47,000 4,000 46,000 9,500 S S 36,000 3,000
Other educational institution 48,000 3,000 S S 48,000 2,500 51,000 7,500 48,000 3,000 41,000 4,000
Government 54,000 4,500 D D 58,000 20,000 44,000 19,000 * * 69,000 13,000
Technology/ technical fields 72,000 3,000 84,000 4,000 72,000 4,000 82,000 6,500 38,000 13,000 67,000 9,000
Business/ industry 72,000 3,000 84,000 4,000 72,000 4,500 80,000 6,000 30,000 9,500 67,000 9,500
4-year college/ university 57,000 10,000 55,000 18,000 63,000 11,500 S S S S S S
Other educational institution 48,000 4,500 D D 57,000 12,000 48,000 7,000 45,000 8,000 D D
Government 79,000 2,000 87,000 1,000 78,000 2,500 90,000 500 S S 61,000 5,500
Other S&E-related fields 68,000 2,000 55,000 11,500 71,000 4,000 65,000 5,500 19,000 4,000 68,000 2,000
Business/ industry 68,000 3,000 53,000 16,000 71,000 3,000 60,000 7,500 S S 67,000 2,000
4-year college/ university S S D D S S 65,000 5,000 18,000 5,500 S S
Other educational institution 57,000 10,500 D D D D D D S S D D
Government 80,000 9,500 D D 88,000 9,000 71,000 12,500 D D 78,000 12,000
Non-S&E field 64,000 2,000 68,000 3,500 72,000 2,500 65,000 3,500 50,000 1,000 62,000 2,500
Business/ industry 75,000 3,000 75,000 4,000 80,000 3,000 73,000 3,000 43,000 3,000 69,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 48,000 4,000 44,000 10,500 49,000 6,000 53,000 6,000 52,000 2,500 45,000 3,500
Other educational institution 51,000 2,500 42,000 10,500 57,000 3,500 50,000 1,000 50,000 1,000 52,000 2,500
Government 70,000 3,000 70,000 8,000 73,000 3,500 70,000 6,000 63,000 7,000 65,000 3,500
Art/ humanities fields 49,000 4,500 59,000 8,000 50,000 7,000 50,000 6,000 43,000 5,500 45,000 2,000
Business/ industry 49,000 7,000 62,000 8,000 54,000 8,000 45,000 10,000 40,000 7,000 48,000 12,500
4-year college/ university 45,000 3,000 62,000 2,500 45,000 2,500 40,000 3,500 47,000 5,000 45,000 2,000
Other educational institution 42,000 6,500 S S 38,000 9,500 50,000 5,000 44,000 7,000 37,000 13,500
Government 59,000 8,000 S S 57,000 13,000 S S D D S S
Education, except science/ math teacher education 52,000 2,500 56,000 7,000 57,000 3,000 52,000 2,500 52,000 2,500 47,000 4,000
Business/ industry 40,000 7,000 56,000 10,000 48,000 8,500 50,000 7,500 S S 28,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 50,000 4,500 42,000 12,000 57,000 6,000 57,000 9,500 51,000 5,000 44,000 5,500
Other educational institution 54,000 1,500 S S 62,000 3,500 52,000 2,500 53,000 2,500 52,000 3,000
Government 49,000 9,500 D D 44,000 11,500 64,000 15,000 S S 42,000 18,500
Management/ administration 80,000 4,500 73,000 3,500 92,000 3,500 80,000 5,500 44,000 3,000 72,000 5,000
Business/ industry 89,000 4,000 78,000 4,500 97,000 4,500 85,000 6,500 44,000 5,000 76,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 59,000 4,500 59,000 5,000 62,000 9,500 59,000 6,000 58,000 13,000 61,000 8,000
Other educational institution 48,000 5,000 S S 70,000 13,500 S S 43,000 6,500 43,000 11,000
Government 70,000 4,500 55,000 15,500 80,000 2,500 78,000 3,000 76,000 18,500 57,000 6,500
Sales/ marketing 64,000 9,000 75,000 6,500 60,000 13,000 80,000 30,000 S S 52,000 4,000
Business/ industry 72,000 12,500 78,000 7,000 70,000 14,500 79,000 33,500 S S 52,000 9,000
4-year college/ university S S D D D D 84,000 18,000 S S D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government D D D D * * * * D D D D
Social service/ related 50,000 2,000 55,000 13,000 52,000 2,000 49,000 7,500 50,000 3,500 49,000 2,000
Business/ industry 47,000 2,500 49,000 14,500 50,000 2,500 47,000 10,000 50,000 4,500 45,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 52,000 2,000 D D 52,000 2,500 62,000 5,000 54,000 9,500 52,000 1,000
Other educational institution 48,000 10,500 D D 53,000 6,500 S S 40,000 5,500 53,000 10,000
Government 60,000 2,000 D D 60,000 3,500 60,000 8,000 47,000 7,000 60,000 2,500
Other non-S&E fields 74,000 3,500 71,000 25,000 80,000 4,000 61,000 3,500 48,000 4,000 87,000 7,500
Business/ industry 87,000 8,500 100,000 15,500 93,000 8,500 70,000 6,500 39,000 5,500 99,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 43,000 7,500 S S 38,000 9,500 45,000 7,500 59,000 2,500 37,000 4,500
Other educational institution 43,000 3,000 S S 43,000 7,500 41,000 1,000 42,000 7,000 46,000 4,000
Government 76,000 5,500 82,000 22,000 81,000 6,000 60,000 9,500 73,000 22,500 79,000 3,000
Bachelor's 57,000 1,000 75,000 1,000 60,000 500 65,000 500 42,000 2,000 50,000 500
Business/ industry 60,000 500 78,000 2,000 63,000 1,500 70,000 1,500 45,000 1,500 50,000 1,000
4-year college/ university 38,000 2,000 48,000 5,000 44,000 2,000 27,000 1,000 30,000 5,000 44,000 4,500
Other educational institution 40,000 1,000 40,000 7,000 40,000 1,500 43,000 4,000 40,000 1,000 40,000 3,500
Government 62,000 2,000 75,000 6,000 66,000 4,000 62,000 3,500 55,000 2,000 55,000 2,000
S&E field 58,000 1,000 78,000 1,500 61,000 2,000 67,000 1,500 36,000 2,000 48,000 1,000
Business/ industry 61,000 1,500 80,000 500 63,000 2,000 74,000 1,500 31,000 5,000 48,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 32,000 2,000 47,000 4,500 44,000 1,000 26,000 2,000 20,000 2,500 32,000 3,500
Other educational institution 40,000 1,000 47,000 4,000 40,000 1,000 42,000 4,000 40,000 1,000 39,000 2,500
Government 63,000 2,000 72,000 5,000 69,000 2,500 63,000 3,000 54,000 4,000 53,000 2,500
Sciences 50,000 500 75,000 500 55,000 1,500 56,000 1,500 36,000 2,000 44,000 2,000
Business/ industry 52,000 1,000 79,000 2,000 55,000 1,500 65,000 1,000 30,000 1,500 42,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 32,000 2,000 46,000 4,000 44,000 1,500 27,000 1,500 21,000 4,000 33,000 6,000
Other educational institution 40,000 1,000 46,000 2,500 40,000 1,500 43,000 5,000 40,000 1,500 39,000 4,500
Government 59,000 2,000 73,000 6,000 62,000 3,000 55,000 3,500 45,000 9,500 50,000 1,500
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences degree fields 46,000 1,500 72,000 12,000 52,000 2,500 45,000 3,500 37,000 3,000 42,000 2,000
Business/ industry 48,000 2,500 76,000 9,500 52,000 3,000 52,000 5,000 29,000 5,000 40,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 31,000 3,000 34,000 6,000 44,000 1,500 27,000 1,500 18,000 6,000 37,000 2,500
Other educational institution 42,000 2,500 S S 37,000 3,500 43,000 13,000 42,000 4,000 45,000 3,500
Government 55,000 3,000 S S 63,000 5,500 55,000 5,500 28,000 5,500 46,000 5,000
Agricultural/ food sciences 47,000 5,500 54,000 3,000 49,000 2,000 50,000 2,500 41,000 9,500 36,000 5,000
Business/ industry 45,000 4,000 D D 49,000 3,000 48,000 5,500 47,000 13,000 32,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 32,000 10,500 D D 33,000 4,000 S S S S 49,000 8,000
Other educational institution 39,000 17,000 D D 36,000 4,500 D D S S D D
Government 60,000 11,000 S S 65,000 12,500 50,000 2,500 S S 44,000 7,000
Biological sciences 45,000 1,000 65,000 14,500 52,000 4,500 44,000 2,500 37,000 3,500 42,000 3,000
Business/ industry 47,000 2,500 76,000 16,500 52,000 3,500 54,000 4,000 29,000 5,000 39,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 31,000 4,500 33,000 4,500 44,000 1,500 28,000 1,500 22,000 8,500 37,000 4,500
Other educational institution 42,000 3,000 D D 36,000 2,500 41,000 2,500 42,000 3,500 45,000 1,500
Government 55,000 1,000 S S 60,000 5,000 50,000 6,000 30,000 6,000 50,000 4,000
Environmental life sciences 54,000 3,500 87,000 15,000 58,000 7,000 57,000 14,000 24,000 10,000 47,000 6,000
Business/ industry 56,000 9,000 75,000 8,000 60,000 10,500 60,000 21,500 21,000 8,500 62,000 9,000
4-year college/ university S S D D 47,000 17,500 S S 14,000 6,500 36,000 12,500
Other educational institution 36,000 17,000 D D S S D D 47,000 2,500 S S
Government 57,000 5,500 S S 60,000 10,000 63,000 7,000 22,000 2,000 42,000 1,000
Computer/ mathematical sciences degree fields 72,000 2,500 80,000 500 75,000 2,500 78,000 2,000 43,000 2,500 58,000 4,000
Business/ industry 78,000 2,500 81,000 5,500 79,000 4,000 80,000 1,000 54,000 10,500 60,000 1,000
4-year college/ university 50,000 1,000 51,000 7,000 53,000 3,000 42,000 11,000 18,000 3,000 58,000 2,500
Other educational institution 42,000 2,000 45,000 9,500 40,000 1,500 46,000 500 42,000 2,500 43,000 1,500
Government 72,000 5,000 82,000 8,500 73,000 11,500 62,000 7,000 92,000 8,500 54,000 4,000
Computer/ information sciences 75,000 1,500 80,000 500 80,000 3,000 78,000 2,000 40,000 4,000 60,000 2,500
Business/ industry 78,000 2,000 80,000 2,500 82,000 4,000 80,000 500 47,000 18,500 60,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 50,000 1,000 51,000 8,500 54,000 3,000 42,000 14,500 D D 56,000 2,500
Other educational institution 42,000 3,000 49,000 2,000 50,000 6,500 48,000 9,500 34,000 6,000 39,000 4,500
Government 69,000 4,500 81,000 7,000 68,000 6,500 62,000 7,500 69,000 5,000 52,000 5,000
Mathematics/ statistics 65,000 5,000 79,000 6,000 70,000 5,000 79,000 6,000 43,000 3,000 55,000 6,000
Business/ industry 75,000 3,500 85,000 4,500 72,000 3,000 92,000 10,500 54,000 15,000 56,000 8,500
4-year college/ university 48,000 2,500 51,000 6,500 50,000 8,500 S S 17,000 2,500 56,000 12,500
Other educational institution 43,000 2,000 30,000 4,500 39,000 3,000 S S 43,000 2,500 43,000 3,000
Government 83,000 9,500 69,000 4,000 88,000 10,000 66,000 7,000 S S 53,000 4,500
Physical sciences degree fields 57,000 4,000 60,000 9,500 64,000 4,500 59,000 3,000 28,000 4,500 50,000 1,000
Business/ industry 65,000 5,000 65,000 8,000 70,000 7,000 70,000 2,500 S S 50,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 24,000 1,000 30,000 8,000 45,000 1,000 24,000 500 21,000 3,000 27,000 3,500
Other educational institution 35,000 10,500 S S S S 43,000 3,500 28,000 12,500 43,000 8,000
Government 64,000 4,500 74,000 18,000 66,000 13,500 58,000 6,000 S S 59,000 6,500
Chemistry, except biochemistry 58,000 4,500 63,000 8,000 66,000 4,500 58,000 7,000 30,000 5,000 47,000 4,500
Business/ industry 65,000 3,000 65,000 9,500 70,000 5,000 68,000 5,500 30,000 11,000 45,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 24,000 500 D D 40,000 10,500 23,000 2,000 24,000 1,000 32,000 10,500
Other educational institution 42,000 3,000 D D 42,000 2,000 D D 42,000 2,000 D D
Government 65,000 4,000 D D 67,000 7,000 64,000 14,500 S S 57,000 13,500
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 54,000 4,000 S S 55,000 5,000 59,000 5,000 18,000 6,500 52,000 4,500
Business/ industry 59,000 4,500 37,000 14,000 64,000 12,000 64,000 9,000 S S 50,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 22,000 9,500 * * S S 21,000 1,000 15,000 5,500 S S
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D S S D D
Government 55,000 6,500 95,000 4,000 55,000 2,500 55,000 4,000 * * 59,000 7,000
Physics/ astronomy 62,000 9,000 68,000 13,000 70,000 3,500 60,000 9,500 S S 53,000 3,500
Business/ industry 69,000 7,000 77,000 17,000 70,000 1,500 70,000 3,500 46,000 21,000 56,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 23,000 2,000 D D 71,000 28,000 24,000 1,500 19,000 3,500 27,000 9,500
Other educational institution 44,000 5,000 D D * * S S S S D D
Government 84,000 1,500 57,000 13,000 85,000 2,000 99,000 21,000 D D 53,000 6,500
Other physical sciences 50,000 7,500 D D 57,000 10,000 67,000 31,000 25,000 4,000 50,000 9,000
Business/ industry 52,000 10,500 D D 57,000 12,500 133,000 23,500 D D 49,000 17,500
4-year college/ university 41,000 5,000 D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 80,000 1,000 D D 80,000 2,500 D D D D S S
Social sciences degree fields 45,000 1,500 52,000 5,000 50,000 500 49,000 5,000 35,000 2,000 40,000 1,500
Business/ industry 45,000 1,000 54,000 7,500 50,000 500 50,000 1,500 27,000 2,500 39,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 32,000 2,000 36,000 12,000 40,000 2,500 22,000 3,000 27,000 9,000 27,000 6,000
Other educational institution 39,000 3,000 S S 40,000 2,000 39,000 3,500 40,000 2,000 36,000 2,000
Government 56,000 3,000 60,000 3,500 60,000 1,500 54,000 3,000 44,000 8,000 50,000 2,000
Economics 60,000 2,000 59,000 13,000 64,000 4,500 67,000 8,500 27,000 1,000 53,000 8,000
Business/ industry 60,000 3,000 54,000 17,500 64,000 4,500 69,000 3,000 27,000 500 57,000 8,500
4-year college/ university 44,000 4,000 D D 45,000 3,000 42,000 18,000 S S 60,000 14,000
Other educational institution 39,000 3,500 D D 51,000 15,500 S S 34,000 3,000 D D
Government 61,000 9,500 69,000 18,500 69,000 2,500 58,000 3,000 S S 49,000 4,000
Political/ related sciences 52,000 2,500 58,000 11,500 55,000 4,000 52,000 2,500 38,000 6,000 46,000 4,000
Business/ industry 52,000 2,500 62,000 21,500 55,000 1,500 52,000 4,000 31,000 14,500 45,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 35,000 4,000 D D 40,000 9,500 13,000 6,000 S S S S
Other educational institution 39,000 5,500 D D 42,000 1,500 32,000 12,500 38,000 5,500 31,000 1,000
Government 60,000 3,000 D D 65,000 5,500 62,000 5,500 64,000 13,000 52,000 8,500
Psychology 39,000 2,500 48,000 8,000 42,000 1,500 43,000 3,000 34,000 2,000 35,000 1,500
Business/ industry 36,000 2,500 51,000 9,000 40,000 2,000 50,000 3,000 26,000 2,500 30,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 30,000 4,000 D D 35,000 5,000 23,000 5,000 S S 24,000 4,500
Other educational institution 36,000 3,000 D D 38,000 5,500 39,000 6,000 38,000 2,500 36,000 1,500
Government 50,000 3,000 37,000 5,000 52,000 5,000 47,000 3,500 42,000 5,500 45,000 6,000
Sociology/ anthropology 43,000 2,500 52,000 9,500 48,000 3,500 44,000 2,500 37,000 4,000 39,000 1,500
Business/ industry 39,000 2,000 66,000 20,000 42,000 3,500 44,000 1,500 25,000 4,000 36,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 34,000 4,500 D D 39,000 2,500 12,000 3,000 30,000 11,500 34,000 5,000
Other educational institution 40,000 4,000 D D 41,000 14,000 65,000 16,000 40,000 7,000 36,000 5,500
Government 60,000 4,000 60,000 5,500 63,000 4,500 58,000 9,500 56,000 4,500 49,000 5,000
Other social sciences 43,000 4,000 46,000 3,000 45,000 1,000 40,000 6,000 44,000 7,000 36,000 7,000
Business/ industry 39,000 3,500 46,000 8,500 44,000 3,000 40,000 5,500 44,000 9,500 34,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 30,000 7,500 D D 44,000 16,000 11,000 2,000 S S 25,000 10,000
Other educational institution 45,000 7,500 D D 46,000 6,000 33,000 2,000 46,000 4,500 S S
Government 55,000 4,000 D D 55,000 5,000 49,000 10,500 S S 55,000 9,500
Engineering 80,000 1,000 85,000 2,000 86,000 2,000 81,000 2,500 40,000 6,500 72,000 3,500
Business/ industry 83,000 1,500 85,000 2,500 88,000 2,500 83,000 1,000 59,000 8,000 75,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 25,000 3,000 55,000 15,000 62,000 7,000 25,000 1,500 15,000 2,500 S S
Other educational institution 35,000 4,000 D D 47,000 4,000 S S 25,000 12,000 32,000 5,500
Government 78,000 2,500 72,000 4,500 82,000 5,500 80,000 4,000 S S 73,000 6,000
Aerospace/ related engineering 78,000 4,500 88,000 5,000 77,000 13,500 95,000 8,000 66,000 16,000 70,000 10,000
Business/ industry 91,000 9,500 89,000 5,000 95,000 4,500 96,000 9,500 70,000 33,000 80,000 10,500
4-year college/ university 24,000 5,500 * * * * 23,000 2,500 D D D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D S S D D
Government 72,000 7,000 D D S S 106,000 4,000 * * S S
Chemical engineering 88,000 3,500 85,000 14,000 93,000 6,000 90,000 4,000 38,000 11,000 84,000 2,500
Business/ industry 91,000 4,000 87,000 14,000 95,000 5,500 95,000 2,500 102,000 25,500 86,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 24,000 1,500 D D S S 24,000 1,000 D D * *
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 77,000 9,500 S S 86,000 18,500 74,000 4,000 D D 65,000 15,000
Civil/ architectural engineering 76,000 1,500 74,000 5,500 80,000 5,000 71,000 3,000 50,000 13,000 73,000 7,000
Business/ industry 74,000 3,500 76,000 8,500 78,000 3,000 70,000 1,000 S S 74,000 11,000
4-year college/ university 20,000 3,500 D D S S 16,000 2,000 S S * *
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D D D D D
Government 85,000 2,000 75,000 5,000 86,000 2,500 77,000 6,500 S S 73,000 6,500
Electrical/ computer engineering 87,000 2,500 85,000 3,500 93,000 3,500 89,000 2,500 S S 72,000 5,000
Business/ industry 90,000 2,000 87,000 4,000 93,000 3,500 90,000 2,000 S S 75,000 5,000
4-year college/ university S S 60,000 27,500 72,000 4,500 44,000 21,500 S S S S
Other educational institution 44,000 5,000 S S 44,000 3,000 S S S S S S
Government 80,000 3,000 73,000 9,500 91,000 12,000 80,000 3,500 D D 74,000 7,000
Industrial engineering 78,000 2,000 85,000 9,000 78,000 2,500 75,000 4,500 48,000 9,000 66,000 6,500
Business/ industry 79,000 3,000 86,000 8,500 81,000 3,000 75,000 5,000 56,000 26,500 68,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 54,000 4,500 D D * * S S D D * *
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D 16,000 7,500 D D
Government 76,000 6,500 * * 76,000 4,000 S S D D 56,000 23,000
Mechanical engineering 80,000 1,000 80,000 2,500 87,000 3,500 76,000 3,000 S S 69,000 5,000
Business/ industry 80,000 1,500 81,000 4,500 88,000 3,500 76,000 3,000 69,000 21,500 67,000 5,000
4-year college/ university S S D D S S S S 15,000 4,000 S S
Other educational institution 27,000 5,500 D D S S D D 24,000 1,500 S S
Government 84,000 1,500 62,000 18,000 85,000 5,500 84,000 7,000 D D 92,000 16,500
Other engineering 73,000 5,000 70,000 3,500 81,000 4,000 68,000 3,500 49,000 16,000 72,000 6,500
Business/ industry 78,000 5,500 72,000 9,000 84,000 3,500 74,000 3,500 42,000 11,500 72,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 23,000 1,000 38,000 16,000 39,000 7,000 23,000 500 D D 21,000 7,500
Other educational institution S S D D S S S S S S D D
Government 67,000 13,500 59,000 5,500 64,000 21,500 60,000 6,500 S S 78,000 8,000
S&E-related field 58,000 1,500 75,000 1,500 64,000 3,000 60,000 3,500 50,000 500 56,000 2,000
Business/ industry 60,000 1,000 75,000 1,500 65,000 4,000 65,000 1,500 54,000 5,000 56,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 60,000 3,500 69,000 5,000 63,000 6,500 50,000 2,000 64,000 5,500 60,000 4,000
Other educational institution 40,000 2,000 S S 41,000 4,000 37,000 1,500 40,000 1,000 41,000 7,500
Government 63,000 3,500 88,000 9,500 70,000 3,500 64,000 8,000 58,000 6,500 59,000 2,000
Health 56,000 2,000 64,000 8,000 64,000 3,000 55,000 4,000 55,000 2,000 55,000 1,500
Business/ industry 58,000 2,500 64,000 9,000 65,000 2,000 60,000 2,000 55,000 2,000 55,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 60,000 5,000 D D 64,000 5,500 50,000 2,000 67,000 6,000 61,000 4,500
Other educational institution 41,000 4,500 D D 46,000 12,500 S S 46,000 4,500 44,000 8,000
Government 59,000 2,000 58,000 18,000 67,000 5,000 55,000 2,000 59,000 8,000 58,000 3,000
Science/ mathematics teacher education 39,000 2,000 S S 41,000 2,000 39,000 9,000 38,000 1,500 38,000 4,500
Business/ industry 40,000 4,000 D D 41,000 5,500 72,000 23,500 S S 40,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 14,000 2,000 D D S S D D S S D D
Other educational institution 38,000 2,000 D D 40,000 2,500 37,000 2,000 39,000 2,000 33,000 8,000
Government 53,000 8,500 D D 54,000 12,500 D D D D S S
Technology/ technical fields 70,000 2,000 84,000 4,000 71,000 4,500 75,000 6,500 36,000 16,000 65,000 10,500
Business/ industry 70,000 2,000 80,000 6,000 70,000 5,000 71,000 4,500 S S 67,000 11,500
4-year college/ university 69,000 4,500 69,000 4,000 68,000 14,500 D D D D D D
Other educational institution 46,000 3,000 D D 54,000 16,000 45,000 10,000 42,000 13,000 D D
Government 79,000 1,000 87,000 1,000 78,000 8,000 89,000 500 D D 60,000 2,500
Other S&E-related fields 67,000 2,500 57,000 14,500 71,000 4,000 63,000 7,500 S S 66,000 3,500
Business/ industry 67,000 2,500 68,000 14,000 72,000 5,000 63,000 8,000 D D 66,000 3,000
4-year college/ university S S D D S S S S D D S S
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D 18,000 2,500 D D
Government 71,000 11,500 D D 76,000 11,500 59,000 11,000 D D 73,000 19,000
Non-S&E field 51,000 4,000 62,000 5,500 54,000 5,000 60,000 3,000 40,000 1,500 45,000 2,000
Business/ industry 60,000 1,000 68,000 4,000 59,000 2,500 64,000 3,500 42,000 11,500 45,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 36,000 7,500 43,000 1,000 37,000 7,500 S S S S 36,000 2,000
Other educational institution 40,000 2,500 30,000 11,000 40,000 6,000 50,000 5,000 40,000 1,500 37,000 7,500
Government 55,000 7,000 69,000 14,000 45,000 13,500 59,000 7,000 S S 45,000 7,000
Art/ humanities fields 45,000 4,500 59,000 8,500 44,000 8,500 49,000 9,500 38,000 5,000 44,000 5,000
Business/ industry 49,000 9,500 59,000 4,500 55,000 12,000 44,000 14,500 S S 53,000 16,000
4-year college/ university 38,000 13,500 D D S S S S D D D D
Other educational institution 38,000 5,000 D D 30,000 9,000 48,000 2,500 38,000 6,500 D D
Government 59,000 10,500 S S 54,000 13,500 S S D D S S
Education, except science/ math teacher education 42,000 2,500 55,000 2,000 44,000 7,000 41,000 8,000 41,000 3,500 24,000 5,000
Business/ industry 38,000 14,000 S S 54,000 12,000 S S S S 24,000 6,500
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution 42,000 4,500 D D 44,000 12,000 S S 41,000 4,500 D D
Government S S D D S S D D D D S S
Management/ administration 63,000 3,500 67,000 5,000 68,000 5,000 69,000 6,500 40,000 4,000 55,000 5,500
Business/ industry 68,000 4,500 71,000 8,000 68,000 4,500 71,000 7,500 44,000 7,000 58,000 12,500
4-year college/ university 40,000 8,500 S S 41,000 12,500 D D D D S S
Other educational institution 40,000 12,500 S S D D D D S S D D
Government 56,000 2,500 60,000 14,500 61,000 6,000 67,000 18,000 D D S S
Sales/ marketing 44,000 9,000 88,000 17,000 42,000 12,000 59,000 23,000 S S S S
Business/ industry 52,000 13,500 88,000 17,000 45,000 15,000 59,000 20,000 D D S S
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Social service/ related 45,000 5,500 46,000 11,000 S S 42,000 5,500 50,000 16,000 37,000 10,500
Business/ industry 44,000 7,000 46,000 12,000 S S D D S S 32,000 5,000
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D D D D D
Government 44,000 14,000 D D S S D D D D D D
Other non-S&E fields 44,000 6,000 48,000 20,000 38,000 9,000 59,000 7,500 35,000 10,000 37,000 5,000
Business/ industry 54,000 11,000 70,000 34,000 43,000 16,000 62,000 8,500 S S 41,000 10,500
4-year college/ university 29,000 11,000 D D S S S S D D S S
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D 30,000 15,000 D D
Government 40,000 14,500 D D S S 40,000 6,500 D D 48,000 12,500
Master's 68,000 1,500 84,000 3,000 79,000 2,000 75,000 1,500 52,000 1,000 60,000 2,000
Business/ industry 80,000 500 90,000 1,500 88,000 2,500 90,000 2,500 50,000 1,500 65,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 42,000 1,500 45,000 10,500 55,000 2,500 30,000 1,500 36,000 3,500 52,000 1,000
Other educational institution 55,000 1,000 48,000 11,500 60,000 2,000 51,000 3,500 54,000 1,000 55,000 1,500
Government 77,000 3,000 72,000 4,000 83,000 6,500 80,000 1,500 61,000 3,000 70,000 2,000
S&E field 75,000 500 90,000 500 80,000 2,500 80,000 2,000 42,000 2,500 60,000 2,000
Business/ industry 85,000 1,500 94,000 1,500 87,000 2,500 92,000 2,500 34,000 4,500 60,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 30,000 2,000 45,000 4,000 51,000 9,500 26,000 2,000 20,000 1,000 40,000 3,500
Other educational institution 53,000 1,500 58,000 5,500 61,000 4,500 50,000 3,000 50,000 2,000 56,000 2,500
Government 80,000 3,000 80,000 4,000 88,000 2,500 83,000 3,500 61,000 6,000 70,000 2,000
Sciences 65,000 1,500 86,000 3,500 75,000 3,000 72,000 2,500 41,000 4,000 54,000 3,000
Business/ industry 75,000 3,000 91,000 2,000 78,000 3,000 87,000 4,000 33,000 2,000 52,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 31,000 2,500 51,000 6,000 49,000 5,500 29,000 3,500 20,000 2,000 40,000 4,500
Other educational institution 53,000 2,000 58,000 5,000 61,000 4,000 48,000 4,500 50,000 2,500 56,000 2,500
Government 78,000 4,500 77,000 6,000 83,000 7,000 80,000 3,500 61,000 9,000 64,000 4,000
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences degree fields 62,000 2,500 80,000 5,000 68,000 4,000 64,000 5,000 49,000 4,500 55,000 4,500
Business/ industry 65,000 2,500 80,000 500 65,000 2,500 68,000 4,000 52,000 14,500 54,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 35,000 4,000 27,000 4,500 54,000 9,000 30,000 2,500 22,000 10,000 55,000 12,500
Other educational institution 51,000 5,000 D D 68,000 6,500 53,000 12,500 47,000 7,000 43,000 9,000
Government 72,000 5,500 64,000 19,000 79,000 8,500 79,000 8,000 61,000 500 64,000 6,000
Agricultural/ food sciences 64,000 3,000 S S 66,000 14,000 65,000 6,000 42,000 6,000 64,000 5,500
Business/ industry 64,000 1,000 D D 64,000 2,000 64,000 1,000 S S 65,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 42,000 9,000 D D 59,000 5,000 S S 43,000 19,000 D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D S S D D
Government S S D D S S S S D D 56,000 12,000
Biological sciences 59,000 4,000 80,000 6,500 65,000 4,500 57,000 7,000 49,000 4,500 53,000 3,500
Business/ industry 68,000 3,500 80,000 2,500 65,000 4,500 75,000 5,500 49,000 11,000 53,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 35,000 4,500 33,000 12,000 46,000 6,500 30,000 3,500 20,000 6,000 53,000 11,500
Other educational institution 51,000 5,000 D D 69,000 7,000 50,000 10,500 50,000 4,000 42,000 12,000
Government 62,000 5,000 49,000 14,000 69,000 6,500 63,000 6,500 D D 63,000 6,500
Environmental life sciences 69,000 11,000 S S 83,000 18,000 65,000 22,000 61,000 7,000 57,000 13,000
Business/ industry 64,000 17,500 D D 73,000 17,000 56,000 15,500 D D S S
4-year college/ university 31,000 5,000 D D S S 25,000 10,500 D D D D
Other educational institution 40,000 14,000 D D D D D D D D D D
Government 78,000 29,500 D D 92,000 27,000 S S D D 71,000 7,500
Computer/ mathematical sciences degree fields 89,000 5,500 91,000 1,500 93,000 4,500 94,000 1,500 44,000 5,500 80,000 9,000
Business/ industry 95,000 1,500 94,000 1,500 100,000 3,500 97,000 5,500 70,000 10,000 82,000 11,500
4-year college/ university 41,000 9,000 64,000 7,000 76,000 8,000 41,000 15,000 18,000 3,500 61,000 13,500
Other educational institution 59,000 8,500 58,000 3,000 63,000 6,500 48,000 5,500 50,000 10,500 70,000 20,500
Government 90,000 6,500 77,000 6,500 96,000 12,500 87,000 9,000 S S 79,000 3,500
Computer/ information sciences 91,000 2,500 91,000 5,000 94,000 5,000 95,000 1,500 49,000 15,000 80,000 12,000
Business/ industry 95,000 1,500 94,000 2,000 99,000 3,000 96,000 6,500 71,000 8,000 82,000 15,500
4-year college/ university 62,000 7,000 70,000 3,000 77,000 6,500 51,000 11,500 24,000 12,000 69,000 24,000
Other educational institution 61,000 9,500 58,000 3,500 62,000 9,500 69,000 17,000 50,000 22,000 S S
Government 91,000 7,500 77,000 7,000 97,000 17,000 87,000 12,500 D D 79,000 2,000
Mathematics/ statistics 75,000 6,000 82,000 4,000 87,000 4,500 83,000 5,500 43,000 5,500 72,000 18,500
Business/ industry 91,000 8,000 86,000 8,500 95,000 13,000 100,000 11,500 S S 90,000 27,000
4-year college/ university 20,000 4,500 S S 65,000 15,000 24,000 2,000 17,000 4,500 60,000 7,500
Other educational institution 51,000 8,000 D D 65,000 10,000 40,000 2,500 50,000 5,500 63,000 16,000
Government 80,000 5,500 75,000 27,500 80,000 18,000 83,000 13,000 D D 85,000 25,000
Physical sciences degree fields 72,000 3,500 74,000 15,500 86,000 5,000 72,000 5,500 44,000 4,500 73,000 7,500
Business/ industry 88,000 3,500 80,000 12,500 90,000 3,500 89,000 3,000 20,000 4,500 83,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 27,000 3,000 29,000 6,500 35,000 3,000 27,000 2,500 18,000 3,500 S S
Other educational institution 52,000 4,500 D D 56,000 7,500 45,000 3,000 52,000 5,000 43,000 10,000
Government 75,000 7,000 62,000 26,000 91,000 3,000 71,000 7,500 D D 74,000 16,000
Chemistry, except biochemistry 66,000 6,500 60,000 3,500 86,000 12,000 64,000 8,000 51,000 8,500 67,000 10,000
Business/ industry 86,000 4,000 57,000 15,500 95,000 13,000 88,000 4,500 * * 77,000 11,500
4-year college/ university 25,000 5,000 D D S S 25,000 5,000 16,000 6,000 S S
Other educational institution 57,000 4,500 D D S S S S 58,000 3,500 S S
Government 70,000 8,500 D D 96,000 8,500 61,000 9,000 D D 58,000 8,500
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 78,000 4,000 S S 86,000 9,500 79,000 8,000 39,000 17,000 75,000 9,000
Business/ industry 89,000 3,500 88,000 20,000 88,000 5,000 95,000 10,000 17,000 5,500 86,000 6,500
4-year college/ university 27,000 11,000 S S * * 29,000 12,500 17,000 7,500 S S
Other educational institution 53,000 13,000 D D S S D D 48,000 8,000 D D
Government 73,000 9,500 D D 81,000 15,500 65,000 15,000 D D 74,000 14,000
Physics/ astronomy 74,000 11,500 79,000 4,000 77,000 18,000 77,000 11,000 38,000 7,000 89,000 12,500
Business/ industry 90,000 6,500 88,000 17,000 83,000 21,000 86,000 13,000 D D 92,000 13,500
4-year college/ university 27,000 2,000 27,000 2,000 * * 26,000 3,000 19,000 4,000 * *
Other educational institution 39,000 3,000 D D S S S S 39,000 3,500 D D
Government 96,000 3,500 D D S S 84,000 8,500 D D D D
Other physical sciences S S D D D D S S * * S S
Business/ industry S S D D D D D D D D D D
4-year college/ university * * D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government S S D D S S * * D D D D
Social sciences degree fields 53,000 2,000 64,000 6,500 62,000 2,000 57,000 5,000 36,000 6,000 50,000 1,000
Business/ industry 54,000 3,500 69,000 6,500 61,000 4,500 70,000 8,000 33,000 5,000 48,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 30,000 5,000 31,000 9,500 41,000 2,500 25,000 7,000 20,000 1,000 37,000 4,000
Other educational institution 53,000 1,500 S S 57,000 3,500 48,000 7,500 48,000 6,500 56,000 2,000
Government 75,000 4,500 80,000 15,000 84,000 9,500 79,000 8,000 51,000 7,500 60,000 3,000
Economics 87,000 14,500 80,000 14,500 97,000 10,500 121,000 27,500 31,000 5,000 S S
Business/ industry 92,000 22,500 82,000 7,500 90,000 17,000 139,000 59,500 S S S S
4-year college/ university 22,000 5,500 19,000 2,500 S S 21,000 500 25,000 5,500 43,000 13,000
Other educational institution 50,000 20,500 D D D D D D S S S S
Government 103,000 2,500 77,000 4,500 101,000 2,500 86,000 10,000 D D 93,000 32,000
Political/ related sciences 75,000 9,000 74,000 5,000 80,000 1,500 64,000 7,000 S S 78,000 14,500
Business/ industry 79,000 5,000 74,000 8,000 79,000 3,000 74,000 9,500 S S 79,000 10,000
4-year college/ university S S D D 41,000 3,000 15,000 3,500 16,000 1,000 40,000 2,000
Other educational institution 52,000 2,500 D D S S 52,000 1,500 50,000 3,000 S S
Government 90,000 4,500 * * 93,000 6,500 85,000 6,000 S S 77,000 10,500
Psychology 49,000 1,500 41,000 4,500 54,000 2,500 50,000 1,500 43,000 4,500 48,000 1,000
Business/ industry 45,000 1,500 41,000 6,000 50,000 1,000 50,000 3,500 30,000 7,000 44,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 22,000 4,500 D D S S 23,000 8,500 23,000 4,000 22,000 4,000
Other educational institution 53,000 3,500 S S 57,000 5,500 56,000 4,500 49,000 7,500 56,000 1,500
Government 61,000 5,000 D D 71,000 4,500 69,000 14,500 47,000 6,500 49,000 2,500
Sociology/ anthropology 50,000 11,000 73,000 13,000 62,000 1,000 35,000 9,000 26,000 3,000 45,000 7,000
Business/ industry 61,000 3,000 S S 61,000 1,500 60,000 7,000 * * 35,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 30,000 9,500 S S 36,000 12,000 32,000 2,500 S S S S
Other educational institution S S D D S S S S S S S S
Government 64,000 4,500 D D 63,000 3,000 73,000 17,000 S S S S
Other social sciences 50,000 3,000 64,000 5,000 55,000 7,000 51,000 12,000 33,000 3,500 50,000 7,000
Business/ industry 42,000 13,000 64,000 6,000 49,000 12,000 67,000 4,000 S S 33,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 41,000 7,500 D D 39,000 12,000 48,000 9,500 19,000 3,000 48,000 5,500
Other educational institution 48,000 13,500 D D 47,000 8,500 S S 52,000 13,500 S S
Government 79,000 5,000 S S 79,000 7,500 78,000 18,000 D D 74,000 6,000
Engineering 95,000 2,000 96,000 2,500 103,000 3,500 94,000 2,000 50,000 2,000 89,000 2,000
Business/ industry 100,000 500 98,000 3,000 105,000 1,500 98,000 3,500 102,000 22,500 90,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 24,000 1,500 24,000 500 85,000 13,500 24,000 500 24,000 1,000 44,000 21,000
Other educational institution 50,000 1,500 D D S S 52,000 14,500 50,000 1,000 S S
Government 95,000 2,500 87,000 5,500 100,000 4,000 95,000 4,000 S S 89,000 4,000
Aerospace/ related engineering 104,000 4,000 110,000 11,500 115,000 11,000 103,000 4,500 S S S S
Business/ industry 109,000 5,000 109,000 15,000 119,000 10,000 108,000 5,000 D D S S
4-year college/ university S S * * S S 42,000 19,500 S S D D
Other educational institution * * D D D D D D * * D D
Government 102,000 7,500 * * 103,000 6,500 93,000 4,500 D D * *
Chemical engineering 93,000 6,500 93,000 13,000 109,000 7,500 85,000 5,500 S S 94,000 10,000
Business/ industry 99,000 5,500 98,000 15,500 109,000 10,000 85,000 7,500 D D 99,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 24,000 1,000 * * D D 24,000 1,000 * * * *
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 87,000 24,000 D D 108,000 10,000 107,000 11,500 D D 82,000 32,500
Civil/ architectural engineering 84,000 4,000 82,000 8,500 90,000 1,000 77,000 3,500 S S 85,000 5,500
Business/ industry 88,000 5,000 84,000 9,500 93,000 9,500 75,000 10,000 D D 89,000 8,500
4-year college/ university 23,000 500 * * * * 23,000 500 S S D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 84,000 3,000 D D 83,000 5,500 85,000 6,000 D D 83,000 5,000
Electrical/ computer engineering 100,000 2,500 100,000 2,000 114,000 4,000 100,000 2,000 S S 89,000 3,500
Business/ industry 104,000 3,000 100,000 500 114,000 4,000 104,000 3,500 96,000 36,500 89,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 24,000 1,500 22,000 3,500 82,000 10,500 21,000 6,000 16,000 5,500 S S
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 118,000 18,500 88,000 18,000 131,000 3,500 107,000 19,000 D D 124,000 13,000
Industrial engineering 96,000 4,500 103,000 5,500 107,000 6,500 92,000 5,500 48,000 15,500 85,000 26,500
Business/ industry 99,000 5,500 106,000 6,500 105,000 9,000 94,000 2,500 * * 98,000 15,500
4-year college/ university 34,000 15,000 * * * * 24,000 12,000 S S S S
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S S S
Government 111,000 14,500 * * 113,000 5,500 89,000 3,500 D D S S
Mechanical engineering 90,000 2,000 79,000 2,500 100,000 3,500 90,000 2,000 51,000 6,500 85,000 4,000
Business/ industry 92,000 3,000 80,000 6,000 100,000 4,000 92,000 3,500 S S 84,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 25,000 1,500 25,000 2,500 53,000 17,000 25,000 2,500 S S * *
Other educational institution 56,000 8,500 D D D D D D 52,000 5,000 D D
Government 100,000 12,000 D D 108,000 13,500 106,000 10,000 D D 90,000 4,500
Other engineering 92,000 3,500 85,000 8,000 100,000 2,000 90,000 2,500 90,000 2,000 89,000 6,500
Business/ industry 95,000 4,000 83,000 11,500 99,000 2,500 93,000 3,000 98,000 11,000 95,000 10,000
4-year college/ university 24,000 3,000 25,000 2,500 47,000 23,500 24,000 1,000 25,000 4,000 * *
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government 99,000 8,000 S S 105,000 10,000 100,000 14,000 D D 86,000 7,500
S&E-related field 65,000 2,500 65,000 11,500 70,000 2,000 67,000 3,000 58,000 2,000 67,000 1,500
Business/ industry 69,000 1,000 71,000 7,500 74,000 3,000 70,000 4,500 60,000 1,000 69,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 58,000 2,500 S S 59,000 5,500 50,000 4,000 52,000 4,000 68,000 8,500
Other educational institution 58,000 2,000 D D 59,000 3,000 55,000 4,500 57,000 3,000 56,000 2,500
Government 77,000 5,000 71,000 3,000 84,000 5,500 75,000 13,000 68,000 9,000 76,000 3,000
Health 67,000 1,500 61,000 6,000 74,000 5,000 65,000 3,500 58,000 3,500 67,000 2,500
Business/ industry 70,000 1,000 58,000 7,000 75,000 2,000 69,000 2,000 61,000 3,500 69,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 61,000 2,500 54,000 6,000 71,000 10,500 52,000 4,000 59,000 1,500 69,000 5,500
Other educational institution 56,000 1,000 D D 60,000 6,000 55,000 1,500 53,000 2,000 56,000 1,000
Government 75,000 3,000 71,000 1,000 78,000 7,500 72,000 3,500 66,000 10,500 76,000 2,500
Science/ mathematics teacher education 58,000 4,000 43,000 17,500 57,000 3,000 55,000 10,000 58,000 4,000 58,000 11,500
Business/ industry 25,000 4,500 D D 24,000 3,500 55,000 11,000 D D S S
4-year college/ university 33,000 14,500 D D 46,000 4,500 43,000 5,000 14,000 5,500 D D
Other educational institution 60,000 5,500 D D 59,000 3,500 55,000 16,500 59,000 5,500 60,000 6,000
Government 53,000 14,000 D D D D D D D D S S
Technology/ technical fields 86,000 9,500 79,000 16,000 93,000 12,500 96,000 4,000 39,000 13,500 77,000 15,500
Business/ industry 96,000 4,500 89,000 13,000 96,000 10,000 100,000 4,500 D D 73,000 18,500
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution 48,000 7,500 D D D D D D 43,000 12,500 D D
Government 114,000 13,500 D D D D S S D D D D
Other S&E-related fields 67,000 6,500 S S 69,000 8,000 67,000 7,000 S S 76,000 6,500
Business/ industry 59,000 7,000 S S 67,000 9,500 55,000 8,500 D D 71,000 10,500
4-year college/ university 19,000 7,000 D D S S D D 18,000 5,000 D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government 88,000 9,500 S S 93,000 15,000 88,000 30,500 D D 80,000 10,000
Non-S&E field 65,000 1,000 73,000 2,000 78,000 3,000 70,000 3,000 52,000 1,500 58,000 3,000
Business/ industry 80,000 4,000 84,000 5,500 93,000 3,500 89,000 5,500 42,000 3,500 60,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 47,000 4,500 56,000 26,500 53,000 6,000 36,000 8,000 44,000 3,500 47,000 5,000
Other educational institution 54,000 1,500 48,000 11,000 60,000 3,500 50,000 2,000 53,000 1,500 52,000 3,000
Government 71,000 3,500 60,000 15,500 78,000 5,000 70,000 2,500 58,000 6,000 63,000 3,500
Art/ humanities fields 50,000 3,000 S S 53,000 3,500 52,000 8,500 48,000 5,500 39,000 8,500
Business/ industry 49,000 8,500 87,000 5,500 53,000 9,000 50,000 12,500 39,000 11,000 35,000 11,500
4-year college/ university 30,000 13,500 S S 47,000 12,000 20,000 1,000 26,000 12,000 S S
Other educational institution 51,000 4,500 D D 55,000 2,500 52,000 7,000 51,000 4,500 49,000 10,000
Government S S D D S S S S D D D D
Education, except science/ math teacher education 54,000 1,000 48,000 18,500 59,000 3,000 52,000 1,500 54,000 1,000 50,000 1,500
Business/ industry 30,000 9,500 66,000 6,000 36,000 15,500 45,000 6,500 S S 29,000 11,000
4-year college/ university 44,000 2,000 S S 46,000 4,000 S S 42,000 3,000 44,000 2,500
Other educational institution 55,000 2,000 S S 62,000 3,500 53,000 2,000 54,000 1,500 52,000 3,500
Government 56,000 4,000 D D 58,000 4,500 64,000 13,500 S S 54,000 4,500
Management/ administration 97,000 3,500 80,000 5,500 102,000 3,500 91,000 4,000 48,000 4,000 95,000 5,000
Business/ industry 100,000 1,500 85,000 6,000 108,000 3,000 96,000 6,000 46,000 10,500 100,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 58,000 10,000 59,000 1,000 68,000 3,000 S S S S 44,000 11,500
Other educational institution 49,000 2,000 D D 69,000 15,500 S S 48,000 5,500 49,000 15,500
Government 83,000 9,000 S S 90,000 5,000 87,000 9,500 81,000 20,000 77,000 12,500
Sales/ marketing 84,000 15,000 71,000 9,500 94,000 14,500 100,000 1,000 53,000 3,500 78,000 32,000
Business/ industry 93,000 15,000 76,000 1,500 94,000 14,500 100,000 2,500 D D 92,000 34,000
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government * * D D * * D D D D D D
Social service/ related 50,000 4,000 61,000 6,000 52,000 2,000 52,000 5,000 50,000 4,000 50,000 3,500
Business/ industry 47,000 3,000 63,000 32,000 50,000 3,000 54,000 13,000 50,000 4,500 46,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 52,000 5,000 D D 52,000 4,000 S S 50,000 12,000 52,000 2,500
Other educational institution 52,000 2,500 D D 53,000 13,000 46,000 14,500 48,000 8,500 56,000 10,500
Government 60,000 2,500 D D 60,000 3,000 59,000 6,500 47,000 7,000 58,000 3,500
Other non-S&E fields 54,000 5,000 77,000 17,500 65,000 8,000 44,000 6,000 48,000 5,500 60,000 12,000
Business/ industry 50,000 9,000 95,000 7,000 61,000 14,000 S S 39,000 1,000 55,000 13,000
4-year college/ university 44,000 9,000 D D 44,000 7,500 45,000 16,000 57,000 7,500 S S
Other educational institution 43,000 3,500 D D 43,000 1,000 41,000 1,500 48,000 2,500 49,000 2,500
Government 73,000 1,500 99,000 22,500 80,000 3,000 58,000 6,500 70,000 11,000 68,000 4,000
Doctorate 85,000 1,500 100,000 500 100,000 500 90,000 500 71,000 2,000 78,000 4,000
Business/ industry 101,000 3,000 107,000 6,000 115,000 3,000 110,000 500 57,000 8,000 80,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 72,000 1,500 65,000 6,000 82,000 3,500 74,000 1,500 74,000 1,500 67,000 3,500
Other educational institution 70,000 6,500 64,000 3,500 80,000 9,500 55,000 23,500 60,000 7,000 75,000 5,500
Government 98,000 3,000 80,000 11,500 106,000 2,500 99,000 3,000 90,000 10,500 95,000 1,000
S&E field 91,000 2,000 100,000 500 105,000 1,000 94,000 2,000 75,000 1,000 86,000 2,000
Business/ industry 109,000 2,500 109,000 5,000 120,000 1,000 110,000 2,000 73,000 6,000 95,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 74,000 1,500 63,000 6,000 85,000 2,500 74,000 2,000 76,000 1,500 70,000 2,000
Other educational institution 62,000 4,000 61,000 9,500 69,000 2,000 77,000 25,000 56,000 2,500 75,000 9,500
Government 100,000 500 94,000 2,000 106,000 1,500 100,000 1,000 82,000 14,500 94,000 2,500
Sciences 86,000 1,000 100,000 500 100,000 500 89,000 2,000 72,000 500 85,000 1,500
Business/ industry 103,000 2,500 103,000 8,500 115,000 3,500 110,000 2,000 71,000 6,000 90,000 500
4-year college/ university 72,000 500 65,000 4,500 84,000 1,500 72,000 500 74,000 2,000 70,000 1,500
Other educational institution 63,000 4,500 * * 70,000 3,000 77,000 27,000 56,000 3,500 75,000 10,500
Government 98,000 2,500 94,000 1,000 105,000 2,500 98,000 2,500 78,000 15,500 91,000 3,000
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences degree fields 82,000 2,500 89,000 8,000 99,000 3,000 81,000 3,000 73,000 2,500 100,000 2,500
Business/ industry 100,000 1,500 96,000 4,500 112,000 5,500 101,000 4,500 85,000 8,500 105,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 68,000 2,000 58,000 9,000 80,000 2,500 65,000 2,000 75,000 1,000 78,000 6,000
Other educational institution 65,000 15,000 D D 60,000 5,000 S S 55,000 3,000 S S
Government 94,000 2,500 93,000 2,000 103,000 3,000 91,000 4,500 90,000 15,500 98,000 2,500
Agricultural/ food sciences 82,000 3,500 * * 91,000 6,000 84,000 3,000 74,000 2,000 70,000 500
Business/ industry 91,000 6,000 * * 99,000 3,500 95,000 5,000 * * 69,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 76,000 2,500 D D 86,000 4,000 75,000 2,000 75,000 1,500 79,000 6,500
Other educational institution * * D D * * D D * * * *
Government 74,000 15,500 D D 84,000 22,000 74,000 19,000 D D 64,000 5,500
Biological sciences 83,000 2,500 89,000 9,000 100,000 1,000 81,000 3,500 73,000 2,500 104,000 5,500
Business/ industry 103,000 4,500 95,000 4,000 115,000 2,000 104,000 3,000 85,000 10,000 112,000 12,000
4-year college/ university 66,000 3,500 59,000 6,500 80,000 3,000 64,000 3,000 75,000 2,500 79,000 4,000
Other educational institution 67,000 20,000 D D 61,000 4,500 S S 54,000 3,000 S S
Government 95,000 2,500 94,000 1,000 107,000 3,500 92,000 4,500 99,000 16,000 100,000 2,500
Environmental life sciences 75,000 2,000 82,000 12,500 87,000 6,500 75,000 4,500 63,000 7,500 75,000 6,500
Business/ industry 85,000 9,000 * * 102,000 13,500 79,000 3,500 * * * *
4-year college/ university 68,000 6,000 * * 67,000 7,000 63,000 7,000 67,000 8,500 72,000 1,500
Other educational institution * * D D D D D D * * D D
Government 91,000 5,500 * * 96,000 6,000 91,000 7,000 D D * *
Computer/ mathematical sciences degree fields 100,000 500 105,000 10,500 110,000 14,500 104,000 3,000 80,000 1,000 96,000 5,000
Business/ industry 120,000 5,500 110,000 12,000 120,000 26,000 125,000 2,000 * * 112,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 84,000 2,000 80,000 8,000 95,000 3,500 85,000 1,500 81,000 4,000 82,000 6,500
Other educational institution 59,000 4,500 D D * * 64,000 8,000 58,000 4,000 * *
Government 119,000 7,500 107,000 9,000 125,000 4,500 119,000 5,000 D D * *
Computer/ information sciences 108,000 12,000 105,000 16,500 100,000 26,500 120,000 2,000 88,000 4,000 110,000 14,500
Business/ industry 120,000 10,500 110,000 17,000 100,000 37,000 130,000 6,000 D D 122,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 90,000 1,000 73,000 9,500 99,000 7,500 91,000 3,500 89,000 3,500 * *
Other educational institution * * D D D D D D * * D D
Government 126,000 10,500 * * * * 129,000 8,000 D D D D
Mathematics/ statistics 94,000 2,000 106,000 6,500 119,000 8,000 97,000 4,000 75,000 3,000 92,000 6,500
Business/ industry 117,000 6,000 110,000 7,500 131,000 8,000 117,000 5,500 * * 105,000 6,500
4-year college/ university 80,000 1,500 85,000 5,500 95,000 4,500 80,000 1,500 78,000 2,500 76,000 12,000
Other educational institution 58,000 5,000 D D * * 64,000 8,000 56,000 7,000 * *
Government 115,000 9,000 104,000 11,000 122,000 6,500 116,000 9,000 D D * *
Physical sciences degree fields 95,000 2,500 90,000 4,000 118,000 4,000 95,000 3,500 72,000 2,500 92,000 3,000
Business/ industry 114,000 3,000 101,000 3,000 130,000 2,000 110,000 1,000 71,000 27,000 100,000 1,000
4-year college/ university 72,000 3,000 59,000 1,500 90,000 2,000 71,000 4,000 75,000 1,000 73,000 5,000
Other educational institution 59,000 1,500 D D 61,000 8,500 60,000 8,000 59,000 3,000 53,000 11,000
Government 100,000 2,000 83,000 11,000 117,000 7,500 100,000 4,500 * * 90,000 5,500
Chemistry, except biochemistry 94,000 2,500 67,000 23,000 119,000 4,500 95,000 2,500 65,000 3,500 91,000 1,500
Business/ industry 109,000 1,000 S S 126,000 7,000 107,000 3,500 S S 99,000 1,000
4-year college/ university 65,000 3,000 * * 89,000 5,000 64,000 5,500 68,000 4,000 70,000 5,500
Other educational institution 59,000 500 D D 65,000 11,000 * * 59,000 1,500 59,000 19,000
Government 94,000 6,000 * * 110,000 13,500 94,000 6,000 * * 81,000 7,000
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 89,000 4,500 84,000 6,000 101,000 6,000 90,000 1,000 78,000 3,500 69,000 5,000
Business/ industry 112,000 9,500 100,000 11,000 136,000 21,000 114,000 9,500 * * 72,000 13,000
4-year college/ university 77,000 3,500 50,000 8,500 84,000 7,500 77,000 5,000 78,000 4,000 69,000 2,500
Other educational institution 60,000 13,000 D D * * D D 59,000 10,000 D D
Government 101,000 5,500 * * 106,000 5,000 106,000 7,500 D D 76,000 18,500
Physics/ astronomy 100,000 1,000 96,000 4,500 124,000 5,500 100,000 1,000 75,000 2,500 107,000 6,000
Business/ industry 120,000 2,000 109,000 8,500 138,000 8,500 119,000 4,500 * * 119,000 9,500
4-year college/ university 74,000 3,500 60,000 1,500 92,000 10,500 72,000 4,000 78,000 3,500 93,000 12,500
Other educational institution 52,000 7,000 D D 59,000 25,000 D D 50,000 10,500 D D
Government 104,000 10,500 92,000 25,500 140,000 11,000 99,000 11,000 D D 117,000 3,500
Other physical sciences 89,000 10,000 * * 99,000 4,000 83,000 4,500 62,000 6,500 65,000 9,500
Business/ industry 99,000 2,500 D D 99,000 1,000 107,000 4,500 D D * *
4-year college/ university 63,000 3,000 D D * * 61,000 6,500 64,000 7,500 * *
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government 91,000 8,000 D D * * 84,000 9,000 D D * *
Social sciences degree fields 80,000 500 98,000 3,500 90,000 500 83,000 3,500 70,000 500 75,000 2,000
Business/ industry 86,000 2,000 117,000 18,500 95,000 3,000 101,000 4,000 60,000 7,500 79,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 72,000 2,500 72,000 8,000 82,000 3,000 75,000 500 70,000 500 67,000 1,000
Other educational institution 65,000 2,500 * * 75,000 5,000 58,000 2,000 56,000 3,000 73,000 4,500
Government 96,000 2,500 93,000 4,000 100,000 1,500 104,000 5,500 70,000 25,000 89,000 4,000
Economics 110,000 5,000 126,000 34,000 126,000 7,000 110,000 5,500 90,000 3,500 139,000 28,000
Business/ industry 136,000 14,500 146,000 43,000 139,000 5,500 142,000 18,000 * * 148,000 16,000
4-year college/ university 95,000 3,000 * * 118,000 9,000 97,000 4,000 93,000 3,000 86,000 5,000
Other educational institution 63,000 5,000 D D * * * * * * D D
Government 126,000 6,000 * * 125,000 6,500 125,000 8,000 D D 145,000 21,500
Political/ related sciences 80,000 2,500 * * 99,000 3,000 80,000 2,500 70,000 1,500 80,000 8,500
Business/ industry 102,000 11,500 * * 130,000 12,000 99,000 6,500 * * 97,000 24,500
4-year college/ university 73,000 3,500 D D 85,000 4,000 75,000 5,000 70,000 1,500 67,000 1,000
Other educational institution 73,000 10,500 D D * * * * 60,000 8,500 * *
Government 106,000 1,500 D D 103,000 11,000 106,000 2,500 * * * *
Psychology 76,000 3,000 87,000 11,000 84,000 2,000 80,000 500 68,000 2,000 75,000 1,000
Business/ industry 79,000 500 107,000 14,500 85,000 3,000 99,000 5,500 70,000 6,000 74,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 70,000 500 55,000 13,500 78,000 2,500 74,000 3,500 68,000 2,000 63,000 3,000
Other educational institution 67,000 4,000 * * 74,000 6,000 59,000 6,000 55,000 5,000 71,000 5,500
Government 90,000 2,500 * * 100,000 2,500 93,000 2,500 67,000 23,500 85,000 3,000
Sociology/ anthropology 71,000 3,000 92,000 8,000 85,000 4,500 72,000 3,000 65,000 2,500 68,000 4,000
Business/ industry 74,000 5,500 * * 89,000 11,000 84,000 6,000 * * 48,000 12,500
4-year college/ university 68,000 3,000 * * 82,000 6,000 69,000 3,000 65,000 2,500 65,000 3,500
Other educational institution 53,000 6,500 D D * * S S 54,000 6,500 * *
Government 100,000 5,000 * * 100,000 4,000 98,000 10,500 D D 100,000 14,000
Other social sciences 72,000 4,000 94,000 9,000 92,000 10,000 75,000 3,000 67,000 1,000 67,000 7,500
Business/ industry 95,000 14,000 * * 114,000 13,500 88,000 15,500 * * 72,000 17,500
4-year college/ university 69,000 3,000 D D 79,000 6,500 72,000 3,500 67,000 1,500 67,000 7,500
Other educational institution 60,000 11,500 D D 71,000 7,000 * * 57,000 12,000 * *
Government 84,000 7,500 * * 93,000 6,500 83,000 20,000 D D 74,000 22,000
Engineering 110,000 1,000 105,000 3,500 125,000 1,500 110,000 1,000 94,000 3,500 103,000 5,500
Business/ industry 120,000 500 112,000 3,000 130,000 2,500 119,000 3,500 92,000 7,000 109,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 87,000 4,000 55,000 11,000 110,000 3,000 85,000 4,000 97,000 3,000 80,000 6,000
Other educational institution 51,000 7,000 D D * * * * 51,000 6,500 * *
Government 108,000 4,000 100,000 7,500 113,000 6,500 113,000 5,000 * * 99,000 500
Aerospace/ related engineering 110,000 8,000 111,000 17,500 126,000 15,500 110,000 8,000 95,000 9,000 * *
Business/ industry 110,000 12,500 110,000 21,000 131,000 16,500 112,000 13,000 D D * *
4-year college/ university 82,000 16,500 D D * * 80,000 12,000 91,000 15,500 D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government 131,000 10,000 * * * * 131,000 9,500 D D D D
Chemical engineering 115,000 5,500 107,000 6,500 125,000 9,500 113,000 4,500 96,000 4,500 119,000 7,500
Business/ industry 120,000 500 112,000 3,500 128,000 7,500 119,000 1,500 * * 133,000 14,500
4-year college/ university 81,000 5,000 * * 86,000 12,500 80,000 7,500 99,000 6,000 * *
Other educational institution * * D D D D D D * * D D
Government 106,000 8,500 * * * * 120,000 13,500 D D * *
Civil/ architectural engineering 100,000 1,500 96,000 10,000 119,000 9,500 99,000 3,000 90,000 6,500 92,000 11,000
Business/ industry 116,000 15,000 99,000 8,500 128,000 13,500 108,000 17,500 D D 88,000 16,000
4-year college/ university 90,000 4,500 D D 91,000 11,500 91,000 8,500 90,000 6,500 * *
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government 86,000 7,500 * * 100,000 13,000 85,000 6,500 D D * *
Electrical/ computer engineering 120,000 500 113,000 6,000 134,000 3,500 120,000 500 99,000 3,000 106,000 6,500
Business/ industry 125,000 4,500 118,000 4,000 139,000 3,500 124,000 4,000 * * 107,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 97,000 5,500 67,000 6,000 115,000 7,500 99,000 6,500 102,000 5,000 97,000 17,000
Other educational institution * * D D D D D D * * D D
Government 118,000 3,000 * * 118,000 5,500 117,000 4,000 D D D D
Industrial engineering 115,000 15,000 108,000 9,500 135,000 17,000 120,000 17,500 84,000 7,000 104,000 12,000
Business/ industry 134,000 15,000 104,000 10,000 S S 137,000 15,500 D D * *
4-year college/ university 85,000 7,500 D D 73,000 11,500 89,000 2,500 84,000 7,000 * *
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government * * D D * * * * D D D D
Mechanical engineering 100,000 4,000 100,000 3,000 119,000 4,000 100,000 2,000 88,000 5,500 98,000 4,500
Business/ industry 106,000 5,500 105,000 7,000 119,000 5,500 105,000 6,000 * * 104,000 10,000
4-year college/ university 89,000 4,000 * * 108,000 17,500 88,000 4,500 92,000 7,500 * *
Other educational institution * * D D D D D D * * D D
Government 118,000 6,500 * * 124,000 9,000 116,000 6,500 D D * *
Other engineering 100,000 2,500 92,000 16,500 120,000 4,000 100,000 1,500 94,000 7,000 100,000 5,500
Business/ industry 109,000 3,000 112,000 5,500 120,000 7,500 106,000 6,000 101,000 13,000 106,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 75,000 8,500 S S 123,000 11,500 72,000 10,500 97,000 6,500 73,000 18,500
Other educational institution 65,000 16,500 D D * * D D 57,000 10,500 * *
Government 104,000 5,500 89,000 34,000 99,000 7,000 116,000 7,000 * * 98,000 1,000
S&E-related field 69,000 3,500 S S 85,000 8,000 75,000 8,500 69,000 3,000 53,000 8,000
Business/ industry 61,000 10,500 100,000 6,500 78,000 15,000 80,000 30,500 S S 52,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 74,000 4,000 * * 85,000 8,000 74,000 3,500 70,000 3,000 70,000 3,500
Other educational institution 69,000 2,500 D D 69,000 6,500 * * 68,000 6,000 S S
Government 74,000 23,500 S S 111,000 13,500 56,000 17,500 S S 99,000 1,500
Health 69,000 5,500 54,000 1,500 87,000 6,500 72,000 9,000 73,000 4,500 52,000 7,000
Business/ industry 59,000 10,000 S S 77,000 11,000 75,000 35,500 59,000 3,000 51,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 76,000 3,000 * * 91,000 5,000 74,000 4,000 76,000 4,500 75,000 7,000
Other educational institution 67,000 4,000 D D 68,000 7,500 * * 61,000 5,000 * *
Government 72,000 23,500 S S 113,000 13,000 56,000 13,000 S S 99,000 1,500
Science/ mathematics teacher education 52,000 5,000 D D 56,000 10,500 47,000 4,500 54,000 6,500 D D
Business/ industry S S D D D D D D D D D D
4-year college/ university 58,000 7,000 D D 62,000 6,500 60,000 10,500 57,000 8,000 D D
Other educational institution 70,000 6,000 D D D D D D 70,000 6,000 D D
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Technology/ technical fields 103,000 8,500 90,000 17,000 109,000 30,500 99,000 6,000 D D D D
Business/ industry 107,000 6,500 D D D D 101,000 10,000 D D D D
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other S&E-related fields 118,000 4,000 D D 118,000 28,500 118,000 1,500 D D D D
Business/ industry D D D D S S D D D D D D
4-year college/ university 92,000 28,000 D D S S 68,000 11,500 D D D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E field 72,000 3,500 68,000 7,000 78,000 8,500 74,000 6,000 64,000 5,000 60,000 7,000
Business/ industry 74,000 4,000 S S 96,000 30,500 102,000 21,000 46,000 6,500 64,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 69,000 3,500 D D 69,000 7,000 73,000 3,500 69,000 3,000 49,000 8,500
Other educational institution 70,000 7,000 D D 88,000 16,000 S S 61,000 13,500 78,000 12,000
Government 94,000 3,500 D D 92,000 21,500 91,000 21,000 D D 90,000 6,500
Art/ humanities fields 55,000 7,000 D D 49,000 9,500 64,000 11,000 57,000 4,500 45,000 7,500
Business/ industry S S D D S S S S D D D D
4-year college/ university 54,000 8,500 D D S S 64,000 10,500 59,000 4,000 S S
Other educational institution 61,000 11,500 D D D D D D 61,000 11,500 D D
Government S S D D D D D D D D D D
Education, except science/ math teacher education 75,000 5,000 S S 89,000 4,500 77,000 4,000 70,000 1,500 68,000 10,500
Business/ industry 66,000 9,000 S S 85,000 35,000 S S S S 64,000 16,000
4-year college/ university 72,000 2,500 D D 72,000 11,500 74,000 6,500 70,000 2,500 59,000 14,500
Other educational institution 82,000 5,500 D D 104,000 10,500 82,000 10,000 70,000 3,000 84,000 4,000
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Management/ administration 105,000 16,000 D D 72,000 31,000 128,000 25,000 72,000 29,500 60,000 4,500
Business/ industry 113,000 6,500 D D 120,000 17,000 D D D D D D
4-year college/ university 115,000 9,500 D D 97,000 11,000 121,000 16,000 105,000 11,500 S S
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Sales/ marketing 94,000 20,500 D D D D 99,000 9,000 86,000 22,000 D D
Business/ industry D D D D D D D D D D D D
4-year college/ university 88,000 22,000 D D D D 97,000 14,500 86,000 22,000 D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government D D D D D D D D D D D D
Social service/ related 60,000 12,000 D D 73,000 6,000 S S 49,000 13,500 60,000 19,500
Business/ industry 72,000 8,500 D D 73,000 4,000 D D 57,000 10,000 51,000 16,500
4-year college/ university 69,000 7,500 D D 52,000 7,000 71,000 1,500 67,000 7,000 65,000 26,500
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government S S D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E fields 62,000 3,500 D D 104,000 10,000 61,000 3,000 56,000 3,000 123,000 22,000
Business/ industry 107,000 18,000 D D 111,000 23,000 D D D D 126,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 60,000 4,500 D D 58,000 13,500 57,000 6,000 60,000 4,500 D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government D D D D * * S S D D D D

Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Salaries are for principal job and rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors for salaries are rounded up to the nearest $500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2010.
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of 22 September 2014.