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nsf.gov - Table 14 - NCSES Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2010 - US National Science Foundation (NSF) SAS Output
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Table 14. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship status, and employment sector: 2010
 

Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status                Sector of employment
Employed scientists and engineers Business/ industry 4-year college/ university Other educational institution Government
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All degree levels and occupationsa 65,000 500 70,000 500 50,000 500 49,000 2,000 70,000 500
U.S. citizen 65,000 500 70,000 500 52,000 1,000 50,000 2,000 70,000 500
Native-born 63,000 500 69,000 2,000 50,000 500 50,000 1,500 70,000 500
Naturalized 75,000 500 80,000 500 75,000 4,000 48,000 3,000 67,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 65,000 2,500 72,000 2,500 40,000 2,500 45,000 6,000 51,000 7,500
Permanent resident 70,000 3,000 72,000 3,500 62,000 4,500 36,000 10,000 60,000 5,500
Temporary resident 60,000 1,500 72,000 3,000 24,000 1,500 S S 41,000 5,000
S&E occupations 75,000 500 80,000 1,000 45,000 1,000 51,000 2,500 77,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 75,000 1,000 80,000 1,000 49,000 2,500 51,000 2,500 78,000 2,500
Native-born 74,000 1,500 79,000 2,000 45,000 1,000 50,000 1,500 78,000 3,000
Naturalized 88,000 2,500 93,000 2,000 73,000 2,500 56,000 8,000 79,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 2,000 80,000 3,000 37,000 3,000 51,000 5,500 61,000 5,000
Permanent resident 86,000 3,000 91,000 2,500 61,000 3,500 48,000 11,000 72,000 6,500
Temporary resident 60,000 3,000 74,000 1,500 24,000 1,500 51,000 8,000 40,000 6,000
Science occupations 71,000 2,000 79,000 2,000 45,000 1,000 51,000 2,500 72,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 71,000 1,500 78,000 2,500 48,000 3,000 51,000 4,000 72,000 2,500
Native-born 69,000 2,000 75,000 500 45,000 1,000 50,000 1,000 72,000 3,000
Naturalized 86,000 3,000 93,000 2,500 70,000 2,500 56,000 6,000 78,000 7,500
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 2,000 80,000 2,500 40,000 2,000 51,000 6,000 60,000 7,500
Permanent resident 87,000 3,500 92,000 3,500 60,000 1,000 49,000 11,000 73,000 15,500
Temporary resident 60,000 2,500 74,000 2,500 25,000 1,500 51,000 8,000 39,000 3,500
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 60,000 4,500 67,000 4,500 42,000 500 38,000 5,000 66,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 60,000 1,500 66,000 6,000 43,000 1,500 38,000 5,000 68,000 6,000
Native-born 59,000 3,500 65,000 5,500 40,000 500 43,000 5,500 65,000 6,500
Naturalized 79,000 1,500 80,000 10,000 71,000 5,000 S S 90,000 24,000
Non U.S. citizen 46,000 3,500 70,000 7,000 40,000 2,000 S S 44,000 10,000
Permanent resident 60,000 3,000 76,000 9,000 52,000 3,500 * * 70,000 18,000
Temporary resident 38,000 2,500 60,000 8,500 32,000 6,000 D D 38,000 17,000
Agricultural/ food sciences 59,000 7,500 63,000 6,500 38,000 3,500 D D 60,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 60,000 4,500 64,000 6,000 42,000 500 D D 60,000 7,500
Native-born 60,000 4,500 63,000 6,500 42,000 500 D D 60,000 6,000
Naturalized 54,000 20,000 94,000 14,000 S S D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D 20,000 9,000 D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S S S D D D D
Temporary resident S S 67,000 5,500 19,000 2,000 D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 60,000 4,000 70,000 4,500 39,000 1,500 37,000 5,500 69,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 60,000 2,500 70,000 5,000 37,000 1,500 36,000 4,000 70,000 6,500
Native-born 59,000 4,000 65,000 6,500 36,000 1,000 36,000 4,000 67,000 7,500
Naturalized 79,000 1,500 80,000 7,500 67,000 10,000 D D 100,000 33,500
Non U.S. citizen 45,000 3,000 75,000 6,500 40,000 1,500 D D 42,000 10,000
Permanent resident 59,000 3,500 83,000 7,500 49,000 2,500 D D 72,000 27,000
Temporary resident 39,000 2,500 52,000 7,000 33,000 6,500 D D 38,000 17,500
Environmental life scientists 58,000 8,500 56,000 20,500 S S D D 60,000 12,000
U.S. citizen 58,000 8,000 50,000 15,500 S S D D 60,000 12,000
Native-born 58,000 8,000 50,000 15,500 S S D D 60,000 12,000
Naturalized * * D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 58,000 4,500 D D 62,000 3,000 39,000 7,500 D D
U.S. citizen 58,000 2,000 D D 62,000 4,500 39,000 7,500 D D
Native-born 57,000 2,500 D D 60,000 1,500 44,000 5,500 D D
Naturalized 72,000 10,000 D D 90,000 14,500 S S D D
Non U.S. citizen 64,000 8,000 D D 69,000 10,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 76,000 11,000 D D 83,000 10,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 19,000 8,000 D D 18,000 6,000 D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 79,000 2,500 81,000 2,500 52,000 6,000 50,000 4,500 77,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 78,000 2,000 81,000 2,500 52,000 3,000 50,000 4,500 77,000 4,500
Native-born 75,000 1,000 80,000 2,000 50,000 2,500 48,000 6,000 77,000 5,000
Naturalized 90,000 3,000 95,000 2,500 73,000 3,500 S S 75,000 5,000
Non U.S. citizen 80,000 2,000 81,000 4,500 41,000 14,000 76,000 20,000 69,000 17,000
Permanent resident 92,000 3,500 94,000 4,500 75,000 1,500 77,000 35,000 70,000 16,000
Temporary resident 73,000 5,500 74,000 500 20,000 2,000 S S S S
Computer and information scientists 80,000 500 82,000 2,500 53,000 3,500 53,000 4,500 77,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 80,000 1,000 82,000 2,500 53,000 4,000 52,000 3,500 77,000 5,000
Native-born 76,000 3,000 80,000 2,500 50,000 4,000 52,000 4,000 78,000 5,000
Naturalized 93,000 2,500 96,000 3,000 62,000 12,500 39,000 4,000 74,000 5,000
Non U.S. citizen 80,000 3,500 81,000 4,500 S S S S S S
Permanent resident 94,000 4,000 95,000 4,500 76,000 3,000 D D 68,000 23,000
Temporary resident 74,000 1,500 74,000 1,000 22,000 2,500 D D S S
Mathematical scientists 69,000 9,000 79,000 10,500 42,000 8,000 S S 74,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 69,000 11,500 79,000 15,000 49,000 13,000 S S 75,000 4,500
Native-born 73,000 10,000 79,000 12,500 39,000 7,500 S S 73,000 5,000
Naturalized 56,000 12,500 S S 88,000 11,500 D D 77,000 5,000
Non U.S. citizen 69,000 2,500 80,000 5,000 S S D D S S
Permanent resident 70,000 9,000 82,000 9,500 55,000 5,500 D D S S
Temporary resident 57,000 4,500 79,000 3,500 20,000 7,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 43,000 3,000 D D 50,000 5,000 33,000 6,000 D D
U.S. citizen 43,000 3,000 D D 50,000 5,000 33,000 6,000 D D
Native-born 40,000 7,000 D D 45,000 10,000 34,000 6,000 D D
Naturalized 69,000 6,500 D D 79,000 7,000 22,000 8,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 44,000 17,500 D D 46,000 23,500 38,000 13,000 D D
Permanent resident 79,000 4,000 D D 80,000 5,500 * * D D
Temporary resident 18,000 2,500 D D 17,000 2,500 * * D D
Physical/ related scientists 65,000 1,000 75,000 1,000 45,000 5,000 39,000 8,000 72,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 66,000 2,500 75,000 2,500 48,000 5,000 39,000 9,000 72,000 4,000
Native-born 65,000 1,500 72,000 1,500 44,000 4,500 43,000 15,500 71,000 4,500
Naturalized 81,000 2,500 85,000 3,500 75,000 5,000 S S 81,000 11,000
Non U.S. citizen 55,000 2,500 88,000 5,000 42,000 5,000 S S 78,000 31,000
Permanent resident 75,000 3,000 93,000 7,500 64,000 4,500 S S 89,000 2,000
Temporary resident 34,000 6,000 77,000 12,500 24,000 3,500 * * S S
Chemists, except biochemists 70,000 4,000 75,000 500 30,000 3,000 S S 61,000 9,500
U.S. citizen 70,000 1,000 75,000 500 29,000 4,000 S S 65,000 11,000
Native-born 68,000 6,000 75,000 3,000 28,000 3,500 D D 61,000 11,000
Naturalized 80,000 2,500 83,000 4,500 54,000 14,000 D D 73,000 11,500
Non U.S. citizen 54,000 5,500 80,000 7,500 36,000 5,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 78,000 7,000 85,000 7,000 46,000 8,500 D D D D
Temporary resident 39,000 2,500 66,000 16,500 35,000 7,500 D D * *
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 69,000 2,500 75,000 7,000 49,000 8,500 D D 74,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 68,000 3,000 74,000 6,500 41,000 16,500 D D 73,000 7,500
Native-born 67,000 5,000 70,000 10,000 40,000 10,000 D D 72,000 8,000
Naturalized 85,000 5,500 92,000 8,500 75,000 18,000 D D 76,000 16,500
Non U.S. citizen 78,000 9,500 99,000 14,000 69,000 4,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 83,000 13,500 113,000 33,000 69,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 66,000 16,000 98,000 24,000 45,000 9,500 D D * *
Physicists and astronomers 72,000 5,000 114,000 6,500 S S D D 97,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 83,000 12,000 110,000 9,500 30,000 2,000 D D 107,000 11,000
Native-born 76,000 10,000 109,000 10,000 29,000 2,500 D D 107,000 12,500
Naturalized 107,000 4,500 118,000 12,000 49,000 8,500 D D 107,000 23,000
Non U.S. citizen 50,000 7,500 115,000 2,500 37,000 7,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 97,000 10,000 115,000 3,500 56,000 7,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 30,000 7,000 * * 30,000 4,500 D D S S
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 55,000 3,000 D D 55,000 1,500 46,000 11,000 D D
U.S. citizen 55,000 3,000 D D 56,000 5,000 46,000 13,000 D D
Native-born 53,000 4,500 D D 55,000 4,000 47,000 7,500 D D
Naturalized 77,000 5,000 D D 80,000 3,000 S S D D
Non U.S. citizen 50,000 17,000 D D 50,000 17,500 S S D D
Permanent resident 63,000 7,000 D D 63,000 7,000 S S D D
Temporary resident 18,000 2,500 D D 18,000 2,500 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 65,000 6,000 59,000 7,500 39,000 7,500 D D 71,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 65,000 6,000 59,000 8,500 44,000 17,500 D D 70,000 2,500
Native-born 64,000 5,000 56,000 8,000 37,000 4,000 D D 70,000 2,500
Naturalized 71,000 8,000 73,000 15,500 * * D D 69,000 27,500
Non U.S. citizen S S 73,000 20,000 S S D D S S
Permanent resident 74,000 6,500 * * D D D D S S
Temporary resident 34,000 10,500 * * S S D D D D
Social science, psychology 56,000 3,500 60,000 4,500 45,000 1,500 54,000 2,500 70,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 57,000 4,500 60,000 5,500 46,000 4,000 54,000 3,500 70,000 5,500
Native-born 56,000 4,000 60,000 5,500 45,000 1,500 54,000 3,000 71,000 5,500
Naturalized 65,000 2,000 68,000 13,000 64,000 4,000 63,000 5,500 65,000 2,500
Non U.S. citizen 45,000 13,000 S S S S S S S S
Permanent resident 62,000 2,000 75,000 15,500 57,000 7,000 * * S S
Temporary resident 34,000 1,500 S S 19,000 3,500 D D * *
Economists 77,000 10,000 98,000 12,000 22,000 3,500 D D 95,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 75,000 9,000 81,000 14,500 21,000 4,500 D D 95,000 4,500
Native-born 73,000 9,500 85,000 19,500 21,000 4,000 D D 94,000 6,500
Naturalized 83,000 15,500 68,000 26,500 * * D D 110,000 34,000
Non U.S. citizen 85,000 14,500 129,000 27,500 23,000 2,500 D D * *
Permanent resident 79,000 32,500 131,000 20,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 85,000 17,500 128,000 32,500 23,000 2,000 D D * *
Political scientists 70,000 500 S S 22,000 4,500 D D 108,000 36,000
U.S. citizen 70,000 500 S S 22,000 4,000 D D 108,000 36,500
Native-born 70,000 500 S S 22,000 4,000 D D 109,000 38,000
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 49,000 2,500 D D * * D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 53,000 3,000 D D 58,000 1,500 S S D D
U.S. citizen 55,000 4,000 D D 58,000 2,000 S S D D
Native-born 53,000 3,000 D D 58,000 1,500 S S D D
Naturalized 69,000 6,500 D D 69,000 2,000 S S D D
Non U.S. citizen 44,000 16,500 D D 44,000 15,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 60,000 6,500 D D 63,000 5,500 * * D D
Temporary resident 17,000 3,000 D D 17,000 3,000 D D D D
Psychologists 60,000 2,500 59,000 1,500 26,000 6,500 59,000 2,000 74,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 60,000 1,500 59,000 1,500 24,000 6,000 59,000 1,500 74,000 4,500
Native-born 60,000 2,500 59,000 1,500 23,000 4,000 59,000 2,000 78,000 7,000
Naturalized 59,000 4,000 58,000 17,000 34,000 10,000 61,000 9,000 65,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 51,000 4,500 56,000 2,500 35,000 2,500 D D * *
Permanent resident 59,000 10,500 62,000 6,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 50,000 9,000 S S 35,000 7,000 D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 35,000 5,000 53,000 7,500 20,000 5,000 D D 60,000 16,500
U.S. citizen 36,000 9,500 53,000 7,500 21,000 6,000 D D 60,000 19,500
Native-born 35,000 7,000 53,000 7,000 19,000 5,500 D D 60,000 18,000
Naturalized * * D D * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 17,000 7,500 * * S S D D D D
Permanent resident * * * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D * * D D D D
Other social and related scientists 50,000 8,000 46,000 13,000 23,000 8,000 S S 62,000 9,000
U.S. citizen 50,000 10,000 50,000 16,000 S S S S 61,000 11,500
Native-born 50,000 9,000 49,000 14,000 23,000 10,500 S S 60,000 14,000
Naturalized 71,000 5,500 80,000 16,500 44,000 17,500 D D 63,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 34,000 8,000 S S 18,000 2,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 61,000 11,000 75,000 26,500 S S D D S S
Temporary resident S S S S 14,000 3,500 D D D D
Engineering occupations 85,000 500 85,000 2,500 44,000 8,500 57,000 14,000 85,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 85,000 1,500 86,000 2,000 70,000 5,000 58,000 13,000 85,000 1,000
Native-born 85,000 500 85,000 500 60,000 7,000 59,000 8,000 87,000 3,000
Naturalized 90,000 1,000 92,000 4,000 95,000 4,500 S S 79,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 73,000 3,000 83,000 2,500 20,000 4,000 D D 69,000 5,000
Permanent resident 85,000 2,000 90,000 4,500 74,000 5,000 D D 65,000 8,000
Temporary resident 62,000 4,500 75,000 2,000 18,000 2,000 D D 71,000 2,500
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 100,000 2,000 100,000 2,000 S S D D 101,000 14,000
U.S. citizen 101,000 4,000 101,000 4,000 116,000 48,000 D D 102,000 14,500
Native-born 102,000 4,500 101,000 4,000 116,000 47,500 D D 104,000 16,500
Naturalized 100,000 2,500 100,000 2,500 * * D D 95,000 8,000
Non U.S. citizen 91,000 3,500 92,000 4,000 33,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 90,000 15,000 91,000 20,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 91,000 11,000 S S 33,000 1,500 D D D D
Chemical engineers 91,000 2,500 94,000 3,500 26,000 5,000 D D 81,000 19,000
U.S. citizen 94,000 3,000 95,000 2,500 24,000 1,000 D D 81,000 20,500
Native-born 92,000 4,000 94,000 4,000 24,000 2,000 D D 92,000 18,500
Naturalized 97,000 5,500 99,000 7,000 * * D D 75,000 12,500
Non U.S. citizen 84,000 4,500 87,000 6,000 29,000 5,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 91,000 6,000 91,000 7,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 70,000 4,000 74,000 2,500 27,000 4,000 D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 74,000 2,000 70,000 500 25,000 5,000 D D 79,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 75,000 1,000 70,000 1,000 S S D D 79,000 1,500
Native-born 75,000 1,500 70,000 1,500 S S D D 79,000 3,000
Naturalized 77,000 4,000 70,000 1,500 * * D D 80,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 64,000 6,000 62,000 7,000 24,000 2,500 D D 73,000 5,500
Permanent resident 62,000 10,500 59,000 13,000 * * D D 72,000 10,500
Temporary resident 65,000 4,500 68,000 5,000 21,000 4,000 D D * *
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 90,000 3,500 93,000 3,000 20,000 3,500 S S 87,000 9,500
U.S. citizen 92,000 3,500 94,000 3,000 58,000 7,000 S S 87,000 9,500
Native-born 92,000 5,000 92,000 3,500 61,000 8,000 D D 97,000 6,500
Naturalized 92,000 7,000 97,000 7,000 27,000 2,500 D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 82,000 5,000 93,000 6,500 18,000 2,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 99,000 4,000 100,000 2,500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 68,000 8,000 79,000 2,000 18,000 2,000 D D * *
Industrial engineers 78,000 6,000 79,000 6,000 39,000 9,000 D D 63,000 18,500
U.S. citizen 82,000 7,000 82,000 7,500 * * D D 63,000 18,500
Native-born 82,000 8,500 82,000 8,500 * * D D 63,000 16,000
Naturalized 84,000 11,500 83,000 11,500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 62,000 4,000 62,000 2,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 49,000 14,500 49,000 14,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 62,000 1,000 62,000 4,500 * * D D D D
Mechanical engineers 81,000 2,500 80,000 1,500 28,000 6,000 D D 90,000 500
U.S. citizen 82,000 2,500 80,000 1,500 30,000 5,000 D D 90,000 500
Native-born 80,000 2,000 79,000 1,000 30,000 4,500 D D 90,000 500
Naturalized 92,000 3,000 92,000 4,000 * * D D 84,000 7,000
Non U.S. citizen 74,000 3,000 79,000 4,500 20,000 8,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 85,000 7,500 85,000 7,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 69,000 5,500 74,000 3,500 20,000 7,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering 72,000 10,500 D D 75,000 8,000 S S D D
U.S. citizen 84,000 4,000 D D 90,000 2,000 S S D D
Native-born 78,000 4,500 D D 84,000 5,000 S S D D
Naturalized 102,000 5,000 D D 104,000 4,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident 80,000 5,000 D D 80,000 5,000 D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D S S D D D D
Other engineers 85,000 500 86,000 2,500 39,000 10,500 D D 84,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 85,000 2,000 87,000 3,500 39,000 17,000 D D 84,000 3,000
Native-born 85,000 1,000 85,000 3,500 S S D D 83,000 4,000
Naturalized 92,000 5,000 94,000 5,000 49,000 3,000 D D 91,000 11,000
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 10,000 85,000 3,000 38,000 9,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 85,000 7,500 89,000 6,500 49,000 5,500 D D * *
Temporary resident 67,000 10,500 81,000 8,500 26,000 3,000 D D * *
S&E-related occupations 65,000 1,000 70,000 1,500 58,000 2,000 50,000 1,500 70,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 65,000 1,000 71,000 2,500 58,000 2,500 50,000 1,500 70,000 1,000
Native-born 63,000 1,500 70,000 500 55,000 2,500 50,000 1,500 70,000 500
Naturalized 78,000 3,500 85,000 3,000 75,000 6,000 48,000 11,500 65,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 61,000 7,000 68,000 6,000 47,000 10,000 46,000 1,500 S S
Permanent resident 69,000 8,000 69,000 6,500 66,000 15,500 54,000 12,500 S S
Temporary resident 56,000 4,000 64,000 6,500 43,000 4,000 S S S S
Health and related 60,000 500 62,000 2,000 58,000 2,500 52,000 2,500 58,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 60,000 500 63,000 2,000 58,000 3,000 52,000 2,000 58,000 2,500
Native-born 60,000 500 60,000 1,500 54,000 2,500 52,000 1,000 58,000 2,500
Naturalized 78,000 4,500 80,000 2,500 79,000 7,000 33,000 1,000 55,000 15,000
Non U.S. citizen 54,000 3,500 54,000 3,000 67,000 17,500 S S S S
Permanent resident 53,000 6,000 53,000 4,500 76,000 20,000 S S S S
Temporary resident 55,000 3,500 55,000 3,000 S S D D S S
S&E manager 110,000 3,000 115,000 4,000 92,000 8,000 S S 103,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 110,000 3,000 115,000 4,000 92,000 9,500 S S 102,000 6,000
Native-born 108,000 3,000 113,000 5,500 90,000 9,500 S S 105,000 7,000
Naturalized 119,000 1,000 123,000 9,500 97,000 47,500 * * 99,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 104,000 11,500 105,000 12,500 92,000 2,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 125,000 7,000 125,000 7,500 92,000 3,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 70,000 11,000 70,000 11,000 D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 49,000 2,000 D D S S 49,000 2,000 S S
U.S. citizen 49,000 2,000 S S S S 49,000 2,000 D D
Native-born 49,000 2,000 S S S S 49,000 2,000 D D
Naturalized 50,000 13,000 D D D D 51,000 12,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 46,000 3,000 D D D D 46,000 3,000 D D
Permanent resident 54,000 5,500 D D D D 54,000 5,000 D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D S S D D
S&E technician/ technologist 68,000 3,000 70,000 1,000 37,000 2,500 26,000 11,000 69,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 67,000 3,500 70,000 2,500 40,000 2,000 S S 69,000 4,500
Native-born 68,000 4,000 69,000 3,500 39,000 3,000 S S 69,000 3,000
Naturalized 67,000 5,500 72,000 3,500 48,000 7,000 D D 63,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 69,000 6,000 70,000 1,500 24,000 3,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 69,000 1,000 70,000 3,500 31,000 1,500 D D S S
Temporary resident 57,000 6,000 68,000 7,500 23,000 1,000 D D D D
Other S&E-related 71,000 2,500 70,000 2,500 D D S S 79,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 70,000 2,500 70,000 3,000 D D S S 79,000 8,000
Native-born 70,000 2,500 68,000 3,500 D D D D 79,000 9,500
Naturalized 77,000 7,000 77,000 7,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 69,000 9,500 70,000 8,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 70,000 8,000 70,000 8,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 55,000 1,500 58,000 2,000 48,000 2,500 48,000 1,000 65,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 56,000 1,500 58,000 3,500 48,000 2,500 48,000 1,500 65,000 1,000
Native-born 56,000 1,500 60,000 4,500 45,000 2,000 49,000 1,500 65,000 1,500
Naturalized 54,000 3,500 54,000 5,500 69,000 8,000 43,000 7,000 58,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 50,000 2,500 51,000 7,000 45,000 9,000 22,000 8,500 40,000 2,500
Permanent resident 46,000 4,500 48,000 5,500 64,000 5,500 22,000 5,500 40,000 2,500
Temporary resident 64,000 13,000 72,000 12,500 20,000 4,500 46,000 12,000 S S
Arts/ humanities/ related 36,000 4,500 35,000 4,500 18,000 9,000 13,000 3,500 62,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 37,000 4,500 36,000 4,500 S S 13,000 3,000 62,000 8,000
Native-born 38,000 4,500 36,000 4,500 18,000 7,500 D D 60,000 9,000
Naturalized S S S S D D D D S S
Non U.S. citizen S S S S * * D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S * * D D D D
Temporary resident 79,000 14,500 82,000 15,000 D D D D D D
Management-related 74,000 2,500 75,000 4,000 53,000 5,000 45,000 7,000 75,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 73,000 2,500 75,000 2,500 53,000 4,500 48,000 9,000 75,000 3,500
Native-born 72,000 2,500 75,000 2,500 52,000 6,000 45,000 7,500 75,000 2,500
Naturalized 75,000 3,500 78,000 5,500 76,000 9,000 50,000 14,000 65,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 79,000 6,000 79,000 5,000 S S D D 75,000 8,000
Permanent resident 78,000 8,000 78,000 7,500 * * D D 74,000 6,500
Temporary resident 79,000 17,500 80,000 19,500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 102,000 3,000 110,000 2,500 95,000 5,500 86,000 3,500 93,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 100,000 3,500 109,000 2,500 96,000 5,500 86,000 4,000 93,000 3,000
Native-born 100,000 3,000 109,000 3,500 100,000 5,500 86,000 4,000 92,000 4,000
Naturalized 104,000 6,500 118,000 8,500 95,000 500 92,000 13,000 97,000 9,000
Non U.S. citizen 119,000 6,000 119,000 5,500 73,000 8,000 S S S S
Permanent resident 120,000 7,500 120,000 10,000 72,000 12,000 S S S S
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 50,000 1,500 S S 52,000 2,500 41,000 11,000 D D
U.S. citizen 49,000 2,500 S S 50,000 2,500 41,000 11,000 D D
Native-born 48,000 2,000 S S 49,000 2,500 40,000 13,000 D D
Naturalized 56,000 4,000 D D 60,000 9,000 43,000 18,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 64,000 3,500 D D 64,000 3,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 66,000 4,000 D D 66,000 4,000 D D D D
Temporary resident 41,000 20,500 D D 41,000 20,500 D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 47,000 1,500 24,000 5,000 D D 47,000 1,000 * *
U.S. citizen 47,000 1,000 24,000 5,000 D D 47,000 2,000 * *
Native-born 47,000 1,500 24,000 4,500 D D 48,000 1,500 * *
Naturalized 46,000 3,000 D D D D 46,000 2,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 6,000 D D D D 22,000 6,000 D D
Permanent resident 22,000 1,500 D D D D 22,000 1,500 D D
Temporary resident 49,000 9,500 D D D D S S D D
Sales/ marketing 52,000 3,000 52,000 3,500 41,000 7,500 D D 53,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 52,000 2,500 52,000 3,000 41,000 7,500 D D 53,000 3,500
Native-born 53,000 3,500 53,000 3,500 38,000 5,500 D D 59,000 12,000
Naturalized 46,000 2,500 46,000 2,500 D D D D 38,000 10,000
Non U.S. citizen 61,000 7,000 61,000 7,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 54,000 11,500 53,000 11,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 94,000 13,000 94,000 13,000 D D D D D D
Social service-related 41,000 1,500 37,000 1,500 43,000 1,000 49,000 2,000 47,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 42,000 1,500 38,000 1,500 43,000 1,000 49,000 2,500 47,000 3,000
Native-born 41,000 1,500 37,000 1,500 43,000 1,000 48,000 2,500 46,000 4,000
Naturalized 46,000 2,000 42,000 3,500 51,000 17,500 60,000 14,500 55,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 40,000 9,000 29,000 3,000 D D D D S S
Permanent resident 40,000 7,500 29,000 3,000 S S D D S S
Temporary resident D D S S D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 42,000 1,000 38,000 1,500 32,000 3,500 27,000 8,000 58,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 43,000 1,500 40,000 1,000 32,000 2,000 28,000 8,000 58,000 3,000
Native-born 45,000 1,500 40,000 1,000 32,000 2,500 31,000 4,500 60,000 2,500
Naturalized 34,000 2,000 30,000 2,500 39,000 2,500 13,000 6,000 50,000 3,000
Non U.S. citizen 25,000 2,500 23,000 4,000 22,000 10,000 S S 35,000 3,000
Permanent resident 25,000 1,500 25,000 3,000 26,000 12,500 S S 36,000 3,000
Temporary resident 19,000 4,500 19,000 4,500 19,000 8,000 D D D D
Bachelor's 57,000 1,000 60,000 500 38,000 2,000 40,000 1,000 62,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 57,000 1,000 60,000 500 40,000 1,500 40,000 500 62,000 1,500
Native-born 56,000 1,500 60,000 500 37,000 1,500 40,000 500 63,000 2,000
Naturalized 60,000 500 64,000 4,000 73,000 8,000 45,000 7,500 55,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 55,000 2,000 61,000 4,500 23,000 3,000 45,000 6,000 41,000 6,500
Permanent resident 53,000 3,000 55,000 5,500 25,000 6,500 34,000 8,500 50,000 7,500
Temporary resident 58,000 4,500 70,000 5,000 20,000 3,500 S S S S
S&E occupations 72,000 1,500 75,000 1,500 27,000 1,500 49,000 6,500 70,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 72,000 1,500 75,000 2,000 30,000 1,500 49,000 6,500 70,000 2,500
Native-born 72,000 1,500 75,000 500 29,000 1,500 43,000 2,000 70,000 3,000
Naturalized 78,000 2,500 82,000 4,000 51,000 10,500 S S 66,000 8,000
Non U.S. citizen 70,000 2,500 75,000 3,000 21,000 3,000 S S 64,000 7,500
Permanent resident 85,000 3,500 89,000 3,500 25,000 7,000 D D 64,000 8,000
Temporary resident 60,000 7,000 70,000 4,000 20,000 3,500 D D D D
Science occupations 70,000 2,000 75,000 1,000 27,000 1,500 48,000 7,000 65,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 69,000 2,000 75,000 2,000 30,000 1,500 48,000 7,000 65,000 4,000
Native-born 67,000 2,500 72,000 2,500 29,000 1,500 43,000 1,500 65,000 4,500
Naturalized 78,000 2,500 82,000 4,500 53,000 9,000 S S 58,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 71,000 3,500 75,000 3,500 23,000 1,500 S S S S
Permanent resident 90,000 5,500 97,000 8,000 25,000 4,500 D D S S
Temporary resident 61,000 10,000 70,000 4,000 22,000 2,000 D D D D
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 45,000 4,000 55,000 5,500 26,000 1,000 35,000 11,500 59,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 48,000 4,500 55,000 5,500 27,000 500 35,000 6,000 59,000 3,000
Native-born 48,000 5,000 55,000 6,500 26,000 1,000 35,000 6,000 60,000 2,500
Naturalized 52,000 10,500 64,000 11,000 42,000 7,000 D D 34,000 9,000
Non U.S. citizen 24,000 1,000 49,000 15,500 24,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 24,000 8,500 71,000 12,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 24,000 1,000 S S 24,000 500 D D D D
Agricultural/ food sciences 50,000 2,500 51,000 5,500 21,000 7,000 D D 51,000 11,000
U.S. citizen 50,000 3,000 52,000 5,500 28,000 4,000 D D 51,000 11,500
Native-born 51,000 3,500 52,000 4,000 S S D D 54,000 8,000
Naturalized S S S S D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 19,000 1,000 * * D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 46,000 7,000 56,000 8,000 26,000 1,000 D D 60,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 50,000 6,500 56,000 8,500 27,000 1,000 D D 60,000 4,500
Native-born 50,000 8,000 55,000 10,000 27,000 500 D D 60,000 5,000
Naturalized 61,000 10,500 69,000 11,000 44,000 15,000 D D 45,000 20,000
Non U.S. citizen 24,000 1,500 63,000 16,500 24,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 24,000 11,500 75,000 7,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 24,000 1,500 S S 24,000 1,000 D D D D
Environmental life scientists 54,000 6,000 S S D D D D 54,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 54,000 3,500 S S D D D D 54,000 2,000
Native-born 54,000 3,500 S S D D D D 54,000 2,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 18,000 2,500 D D 18,000 1,000 D D D D
U.S. citizen 18,000 4,500 D D 18,000 1,000 D D D D
Native-born 18,000 5,500 D D 18,000 1,000 D D D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 75,000 500 77,000 2,500 48,000 5,000 49,000 7,000 74,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 75,000 500 77,000 2,500 50,000 5,000 49,000 7,000 74,000 6,500
Native-born 75,000 2,500 75,000 1,500 46,000 5,000 43,000 2,000 77,000 8,000
Naturalized 80,000 3,000 84,000 3,000 57,000 7,000 S S 63,000 17,000
Non U.S. citizen 77,000 4,000 78,000 4,000 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 99,000 6,500 99,000 4,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 72,000 4,000 74,000 5,000 18,000 8,000 D D D D
Computer and information scientists 75,000 1,500 78,000 2,500 51,000 4,500 50,000 2,000 76,000 7,500
U.S. citizen 75,000 1,000 77,000 2,500 50,000 4,500 50,000 2,000 77,000 7,500
Native-born 75,000 1,500 75,000 2,000 50,000 3,000 50,000 2,000 77,000 6,500
Naturalized 84,000 2,500 86,000 3,500 58,000 8,500 D D 67,000 18,000
Non U.S. citizen 78,000 4,000 78,000 4,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 99,000 4,500 99,000 3,500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 74,000 5,000 74,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 56,000 2,000 54,000 9,000 21,000 4,000 D D 69,000 11,500
U.S. citizen 57,000 2,500 54,000 10,500 24,000 2,000 D D 69,000 11,500
Native-born 65,000 6,000 65,000 7,500 24,000 2,000 D D 69,000 6,500
Naturalized S S S S D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S 53,000 13,500 S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 20,000 2,500 D D 19,000 1,000 21,000 5,500 D D
U.S. citizen 20,000 2,000 D D 19,000 1,000 21,000 5,500 D D
Native-born 20,000 2,000 D D 19,000 2,000 21,000 5,000 D D
Naturalized S S D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D S S D D D D
Physical/ related scientists 52,000 2,500 59,000 1,500 22,000 500 D D 61,000 7,500
U.S. citizen 53,000 1,500 59,000 1,500 22,000 1,500 D D 61,000 7,500
Native-born 52,000 2,000 59,000 2,500 22,000 1,500 D D 63,000 7,000
Naturalized 58,000 2,000 59,000 6,000 23,000 2,500 D D 56,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 1,500 S S 21,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 24,000 12,000 S S 25,000 1,500 D D D D
Temporary resident 22,000 1,000 D D 21,000 1,500 D D D D
Chemists, except biochemists 53,000 2,500 60,000 5,000 25,000 2,000 D D 55,000 7,000
U.S. citizen 54,000 3,000 61,000 4,000 25,000 1,000 D D 55,000 7,000
Native-born 54,000 3,000 62,000 4,500 25,000 1,000 D D 54,000 13,500
Naturalized 56,000 5,000 59,000 5,500 D D D D 54,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 8,000 S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D D D D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 60,000 1,000 60,000 1,500 22,000 7,500 D D 64,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 60,000 1,000 59,000 1,500 23,000 9,000 D D 64,000 6,500
Native-born 60,000 1,500 59,000 1,500 23,000 9,000 D D 65,000 6,000
Naturalized * * * * D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * * * D D D D D D
Permanent resident * * * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D D D D D D D
Physicists and astronomers 29,000 5,000 S S 21,000 2,000 D D S S
U.S. citizen S S 71,000 19,500 21,000 2,000 D D S S
Native-born S S 70,000 11,000 21,000 2,000 D D S S
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 25,000 2,500 D D 24,000 4,500 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 21,000 6,000 D D 21,000 5,500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 20,000 2,000 D D 20,000 1,000 D D D D
U.S. citizen 20,000 2,000 D D 20,000 1,500 D D D D
Native-born 20,000 2,000 D D 20,000 1,000 D D D D
Naturalized * * D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 21,000 1,500 D D 21,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D * * D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 55,000 3,500 52,000 8,000 28,000 6,000 D D 66,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 56,000 4,000 52,000 8,500 S S D D 66,000 8,000
Native-born 55,000 4,000 50,000 6,000 S S D D 67,000 8,000
Naturalized 58,000 28,500 D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Social science, psychology 31,000 9,500 34,000 6,500 16,000 2,500 50,000 5,000 44,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 29,000 8,500 41,000 9,000 16,000 1,500 50,000 5,000 44,000 10,500
Native-born 29,000 10,000 39,000 8,500 16,000 1,500 S S 44,000 13,000
Naturalized 53,000 5,000 49,000 7,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 34,000 8,500 S S 14,000 2,500 D D D D
Permanent resident D D S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Economists 49,000 7,000 51,000 10,000 S S D D 60,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 50,000 9,500 48,000 16,000 S S D D 60,000 10,000
Native-born 48,000 11,500 S S S S D D 58,000 7,500
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Political scientists 41,000 2,000 42,000 3,500 S S D D D D
U.S. citizen 41,000 1,500 41,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Native-born 41,000 1,500 41,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 13,000 2,500 D D 12,000 1,500 D D D D
U.S. citizen 13,000 3,000 D D 12,000 1,000 D D D D
Native-born 14,000 3,500 D D 12,000 1,000 D D D D
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D S S D D D D
Psychologists 38,000 11,000 58,000 18,500 19,000 1,000 52,000 3,000 S S
U.S. citizen 37,000 11,000 60,000 27,500 19,000 1,000 52,000 3,000 S S
Native-born S S 60,000 30,000 19,000 1,000 51,000 1,500 D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 28,000 14,000 42,000 13,500 S S D D S S
U.S. citizen 28,000 14,000 42,000 13,500 S S D D S S
Native-born 28,000 13,500 42,000 13,500 S S D D S S
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other social and related scientists 34,000 10,500 34,000 7,500 16,000 500 D D S S
U.S. citizen S S S S 16,000 500 D D 38,000 12,000
Native-born S S S S 16,000 500 D D 34,000 14,000
Naturalized 53,000 16,000 D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Engineering occupations 80,000 1,000 80,000 500 20,000 5,000 57,000 22,500 80,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 80,000 500 80,000 500 28,000 5,500 57,000 22,500 81,000 3,500
Native-born 80,000 500 80,000 500 29,000 6,500 S S 83,000 4,000
Naturalized 80,000 2,000 83,000 5,000 27,000 1,500 D D 73,000 9,500
Non U.S. citizen 63,000 8,500 74,000 6,500 S S D D 70,000 9,000
Permanent resident 72,000 10,000 75,000 12,500 S S D D 69,000 11,000
Temporary resident 57,000 12,500 70,000 10,000 S S D D D D
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 95,000 4,500 97,000 4,000 S S D D 70,000 24,000
U.S. citizen 96,000 5,000 98,000 4,000 S S D D 70,000 24,000
Native-born 96,000 6,500 99,000 4,000 S S D D 70,000 21,500
Naturalized 93,000 18,000 90,000 18,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 91,000 2,500 91,000 2,500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 86,000 23,500 D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Chemical engineers 89,000 1,000 90,000 2,000 24,000 2,000 D D 61,000 5,500
U.S. citizen 89,000 1,500 90,000 2,000 24,000 2,000 D D 61,000 5,500
Native-born 90,000 2,000 90,000 2,000 22,000 7,000 D D 76,000 27,000
Naturalized 79,000 11,500 89,000 14,000 * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 74,000 9,000 76,000 18,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 106,000 12,500 107,000 12,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D S S D D D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 71,000 2,500 67,000 3,000 22,000 4,500 D D 79,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 72,000 2,000 68,000 2,500 21,000 3,500 D D 79,000 2,500
Native-born 72,000 3,000 67,000 2,500 21,000 3,500 D D 79,000 3,500
Naturalized 71,000 3,000 69,000 3,000 D D D D 78,000 3,000
Non U.S. citizen 51,000 13,000 45,000 12,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 46,000 15,000 44,000 12,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 63,000 11,000 D D D D D D D D
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 84,000 3,500 85,000 2,500 24,000 4,000 D D 80,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 84,000 3,500 85,000 3,000 26,000 7,000 D D 80,000 7,000
Native-born 85,000 3,000 85,000 3,500 S S D D 83,000 3,000
Naturalized 80,000 8,500 88,000 6,500 D D D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 83,000 2,500 84,000 3,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 96,000 14,500 96,000 12,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 72,000 15,000 79,000 5,500 D D D D D D
Industrial engineers 75,000 7,500 75,000 8,500 * * D D 59,000 11,000
U.S. citizen 78,000 8,000 79,000 8,500 * * D D 59,000 11,000
Native-born 79,000 9,000 80,000 9,500 * * D D 59,000 11,000
Naturalized 70,000 18,500 70,000 18,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 60,000 8,000 60,000 8,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 49,000 4,500 49,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Mechanical engineers 78,000 2,000 77,000 2,500 25,000 8,500 D D 89,000 500
U.S. citizen 79,000 2,000 77,000 2,000 30,000 7,500 D D 89,000 500
Native-born 78,000 2,000 76,000 3,000 30,000 8,500 D D 89,000 500
Naturalized 89,000 4,500 90,000 4,000 D D D D 75,000 17,000
Non U.S. citizen 69,000 2,500 70,000 6,000 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 79,000 11,500 76,000 14,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 61,000 11,000 70,000 6,000 S S D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering S S D D S S S S D D
U.S. citizen S S D D 47,000 18,500 S S D D
Native-born S S D D 46,000 21,000 S S D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other engineers 80,000 2,500 81,000 3,500 S S D D 78,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 80,000 5,000 82,000 4,500 S S D D 78,000 5,000
Native-born 80,000 3,000 81,000 4,000 S S D D 78,000 5,000
Naturalized 90,000 3,500 90,000 3,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 64,000 8,000 69,000 17,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 63,000 10,000 74,000 23,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 60,000 11,000 64,000 12,000 * * D D D D
S&E-related occupations 55,000 1,000 60,000 500 50,000 3,500 41,000 2,500 59,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 55,000 1,000 60,000 1,000 50,000 3,500 40,000 2,000 59,000 2,500
Native-born 54,000 1,500 59,000 2,500 43,000 6,500 40,000 1,500 59,000 3,000
Naturalized 62,000 3,500 64,000 6,000 75,000 5,500 47,000 5,000 55,000 14,000
Non U.S. citizen 60,000 7,500 66,000 7,500 54,000 23,000 45,000 1,000 S S
Permanent resident 60,000 10,000 66,000 11,500 S S 40,000 7,000 S S
Temporary resident 56,000 9,500 65,000 7,500 S S S S D D
Health and related 50,000 500 50,000 500 49,000 3,500 47,000 2,000 51,000 7,500
U.S. citizen 50,000 500 50,000 500 49,000 4,500 48,000 2,000 52,000 5,000
Native-born 49,000 2,000 50,000 3,500 42,000 3,500 48,000 2,000 54,000 3,500
Naturalized 59,000 2,000 59,000 2,000 78,000 5,000 D D 40,000 8,000
Non U.S. citizen 55,000 3,500 55,000 3,000 S S D D S S
Permanent resident 52,000 5,000 52,000 4,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 55,000 10,500 55,000 14,000 S S D D D D
S&E manager 95,000 4,000 99,000 3,000 82,000 7,500 S S 88,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 95,000 3,500 99,000 3,500 82,000 6,000 S S 88,000 4,000
Native-born 94,000 3,500 98,000 5,000 82,000 6,500 S S 87,000 4,000
Naturalized 116,000 9,500 118,000 7,000 D D D D 99,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 97,000 26,000 98,000 27,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 135,000 43,000 139,000 44,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 69,000 6,500 69,000 6,500 D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 40,000 1,500 S S D D 40,000 1,500 D D
U.S. citizen 40,000 1,000 S S D D 40,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 40,000 1,000 S S D D 40,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized S S D D D D S S D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D D D S S D D
Permanent resident 54,000 15,500 D D D D 54,000 14,500 D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D S S D D
S&E technician/ technologist 65,000 2,000 65,000 2,500 36,000 1,500 S S 69,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 65,000 2,000 65,000 2,000 37,000 6,500 S S 69,000 4,500
Native-born 65,000 2,500 65,000 3,000 36,000 4,500 S S 69,000 3,500
Naturalized 60,000 3,500 59,000 5,500 45,000 8,000 D D 63,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 69,000 3,000 70,000 500 20,000 2,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 69,000 3,500 69,000 500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 66,000 8,500 70,000 8,000 22,000 2,500 D D D D
Other S&E-related 71,000 3,500 71,000 3,500 D D D D 79,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 71,000 4,000 70,000 3,500 D D D D 79,000 8,000
Native-born 70,000 3,500 69,000 4,000 D D D D D D
Naturalized 78,000 14,500 85,000 14,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 48,000 1,500 50,000 2,000 37,000 2,000 36,000 2,500 59,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 49,000 1,500 50,000 500 37,000 2,500 37,000 3,000 59,000 2,000
Native-born 50,000 1,000 50,000 500 37,000 5,000 38,000 2,500 60,000 1,000
Naturalized 44,000 3,500 43,000 4,000 67,000 29,500 24,000 9,000 52,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 40,000 2,500 42,000 2,500 14,000 1,000 24,000 7,000 40,000 3,000
Permanent resident 38,000 5,000 39,000 5,500 S S 23,000 9,000 40,000 1,500
Temporary resident 42,000 20,500 47,000 24,000 S S D D D D
Arts/ humanities/ related 35,000 4,000 35,000 4,500 S S S S 56,000 17,500
U.S. citizen 36,000 4,000 36,000 4,000 S S S S 56,000 17,500
Native-born 36,000 4,000 36,000 3,500 S S D D 54,000 16,500
Naturalized S S 38,000 18,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Management-related 65,000 1,000 64,000 1,500 50,000 9,000 45,000 12,500 71,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 65,000 1,000 64,000 1,500 50,000 9,000 50,000 12,500 71,000 4,000
Native-born 64,000 1,000 64,000 1,500 49,000 9,000 43,000 18,500 72,000 5,000
Naturalized 65,000 5,500 67,000 6,000 47,000 23,500 D D 58,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 64,000 19,000 66,000 19,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 72,000 19,500 72,000 19,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 99,000 2,500 100,000 500 88,000 29,000 72,000 2,000 89,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 98,000 3,000 100,000 500 88,000 29,000 72,000 2,000 89,000 6,500
Native-born 100,000 2,500 100,000 500 65,000 17,500 72,000 2,000 89,000 7,000
Naturalized 93,000 9,500 85,000 10,000 S S D D 94,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 113,000 22,500 111,000 24,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 100,000 28,500 100,000 29,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 17,000 5,000 D D 15,000 3,000 S S D D
U.S. citizen 18,000 5,500 D D 15,000 4,000 S S D D
Native-born 18,000 5,500 D D 15,000 3,000 S S D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 38,000 3,500 22,000 8,000 D D 40,000 4,000 D D
U.S. citizen 40,000 5,000 22,000 8,000 D D 40,000 3,000 D D
Native-born 40,000 4,500 24,000 9,000 D D 40,000 3,000 D D
Naturalized 37,000 14,500 D D D D 38,000 13,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 23,000 5,000 D D D D 23,000 5,000 D D
Permanent resident 22,000 5,500 D D D D 22,000 5,500 D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sales/ marketing 50,000 500 50,000 500 S S S S 53,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 50,000 500 50,000 500 S S S S 52,000 4,000
Native-born 50,000 500 50,000 500 S S S S 53,000 7,500
Naturalized 41,000 4,500 41,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 46,000 7,000 45,000 7,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 40,000 5,000 40,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 90,000 12,000 90,000 12,000 D D D D D D
Social service-related 35,000 1,500 30,000 500 43,000 1,000 36,000 2,000 41,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 35,000 1,500 30,000 500 43,000 1,000 36,000 2,500 41,000 7,000
Native-born 34,000 1,500 30,000 500 43,000 1,000 35,000 2,500 40,000 4,000
Naturalized 41,000 5,500 32,000 10,000 D D D D 56,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 32,000 5,000 D D D D D D S S
Permanent resident 32,000 5,000 D D D D D D S S
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 35,000 1,500 30,000 1,000 30,000 4,000 16,000 4,500 53,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 35,000 2,000 31,000 1,500 31,000 7,000 16,000 5,500 53,000 2,500
Native-born 36,000 1,500 32,000 1,000 30,000 4,500 19,000 8,500 54,000 2,500
Naturalized 30,000 1,000 29,000 2,000 36,000 2,500 13,000 1,500 49,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 24,000 3,500 22,000 4,000 S S S S 35,000 3,000
Permanent resident 25,000 1,000 25,000 1,500 D D S S 36,000 3,000
Temporary resident 18,000 1,500 18,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Master's 68,000 1,500 80,000 500 42,000 1,500 55,000 1,000 77,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 68,000 1,500 80,000 500 45,000 4,500 55,000 1,000 78,000 2,500
Native-born 65,000 2,000 78,000 2,000 45,000 1,500 55,000 1,500 78,000 2,500
Naturalized 85,000 2,000 92,000 3,500 55,000 3,500 64,000 7,000 79,000 3,000
Non U.S. citizen 70,000 2,500 80,000 1,500 20,000 1,000 37,000 18,000 50,000 2,500
Permanent resident 76,000 6,000 82,000 4,500 45,000 4,000 S S 50,000 10,000
Temporary resident 64,000 2,000 75,000 2,500 20,000 1,000 53,000 9,000 S S
S&E occupations 80,000 500 90,000 1,500 25,000 1,500 52,000 2,500 80,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 80,000 500 90,000 2,000 30,000 2,000 52,000 2,500 80,000 2,000
Native-born 77,000 3,000 89,000 2,500 30,000 2,500 52,000 3,000 80,000 1,000
Naturalized 95,000 3,000 100,000 2,000 42,000 7,000 39,000 5,500 86,000 2,500
Non U.S. citizen 74,000 1,500 83,000 3,500 20,000 500 51,000 6,500 47,000 12,000
Permanent resident 89,000 3,500 90,000 1,000 35,000 15,000 S S 65,000 20,000
Temporary resident 64,000 2,000 74,000 500 19,000 2,000 48,000 7,000 S S
Science occupations 73,000 2,000 85,000 2,500 25,000 1,500 52,000 2,500 75,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 73,000 2,500 86,000 4,000 30,000 2,500 52,000 2,500 77,000 4,500
Native-born 68,000 2,500 80,000 2,500 28,000 6,500 52,000 2,500 75,000 4,500
Naturalized 96,000 3,000 100,000 1,000 43,000 7,000 40,000 11,500 87,000 8,500
Non U.S. citizen 74,000 1,500 83,000 4,000 20,000 1,000 51,000 6,500 42,000 8,000
Permanent resident 89,000 3,000 90,000 1,500 41,000 18,500 S S 72,000 26,500
Temporary resident 64,000 1,500 75,000 1,000 20,000 1,500 48,000 7,000 S S
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 64,000 5,000 68,000 5,500 32,000 6,000 43,000 9,000 75,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 65,000 3,000 70,000 4,000 36,000 1,500 43,000 10,000 77,000 6,000
Native-born 63,000 4,500 65,000 3,000 35,000 1,500 43,000 10,000 74,000 7,000
Naturalized 80,000 6,000 80,000 2,000 37,000 6,500 D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 27,000 8,000 57,000 14,500 23,000 1,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 46,000 20,500 S S S S D D S S
Temporary resident 25,000 3,500 69,000 16,500 23,000 2,500 D D D D
Agricultural/ food sciences 64,000 3,000 64,000 1,000 41,000 2,500 D D 68,000 19,000
U.S. citizen 64,000 500 64,000 2,000 42,000 4,500 D D 68,000 19,000
Native-born 64,000 500 64,000 1,000 42,000 5,500 D D 62,000 19,500
Naturalized 91,000 26,500 S S D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident 17,000 6,500 D D S S D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 65,000 5,000 73,000 7,500 29,000 1,500 S S 72,000 9,500
U.S. citizen 70,000 4,500 74,000 6,500 35,000 5,000 S S 75,000 13,500
Native-born 64,000 6,000 70,000 5,000 31,000 4,500 S S 72,000 6,500
Naturalized 80,000 5,500 80,000 500 40,000 10,500 D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 33,000 8,500 60,000 10,000 24,000 2,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 55,000 4,000 69,000 15,000 D D D D S S
Temporary resident 25,000 3,000 51,000 8,500 24,000 1,500 D D D D
Environmental life scientists 76,000 15,000 S S D D D D 77,000 11,500
U.S. citizen 73,000 16,000 S S S S D D 77,000 11,500
Native-born 73,000 16,000 S S S S D D 77,000 11,500
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 36,000 5,000 D D 30,000 13,000 44,000 6,000 D D
U.S. citizen 39,000 4,500 D D 35,000 7,000 44,000 6,500 D D
Native-born 39,000 4,500 D D 35,000 8,500 44,000 6,500 D D
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 18,000 5,500 D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 85,000 2,000 90,000 2,000 38,000 9,000 51,000 6,500 80,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 88,000 3,500 95,000 3,500 46,000 5,500 50,000 6,000 80,000 3,500
Native-born 80,000 3,000 90,000 2,500 44,000 8,000 52,000 6,500 80,000 4,500
Naturalized 100,000 500 100,000 1,500 59,000 1,500 39,000 7,000 86,000 10,000
Non U.S. citizen 80,000 3,500 85,000 3,000 20,000 2,500 69,000 22,000 S S
Permanent resident 89,000 1,500 90,000 4,000 56,000 5,500 S S S S
Temporary resident 72,000 4,000 75,000 1,000 20,000 2,000 D D S S
Computer and information scientists 90,000 1,000 92,000 3,000 55,000 2,500 79,000 12,000 79,000 5,500
U.S. citizen 93,000 3,000 97,000 3,000 57,000 4,000 77,000 16,000 80,000 5,000
Native-born 89,000 3,000 92,000 4,500 56,000 2,500 78,000 18,500 80,000 5,500
Naturalized 100,000 500 100,000 1,500 60,000 5,500 S S 85,000 12,000
Non U.S. citizen 83,000 5,000 85,000 3,000 24,000 4,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 90,000 3,000 90,000 5,500 62,000 5,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 74,000 1,000 75,000 1,000 23,000 2,500 D D D D
Mathematical scientists 78,000 12,500 80,000 9,500 29,000 12,500 S S 78,000 7,000
U.S. citizen 80,000 11,500 79,000 13,500 49,000 15,500 D D 80,000 5,500
Native-born 80,000 16,000 79,000 19,000 49,000 23,000 D D 80,000 9,000
Naturalized 97,000 5,000 109,000 7,000 * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 63,000 18,500 70,000 13,000 20,000 2,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 68,000 2,000 69,000 10,500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 41,000 14,000 78,000 5,500 20,000 1,500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 24,000 6,500 D D 19,000 2,500 40,000 9,000 D D
U.S. citizen 30,000 7,500 D D 20,000 9,000 40,000 8,500 D D
Native-born 30,000 8,000 D D 20,000 9,000 41,000 6,500 D D
Naturalized 26,000 8,000 D D 41,000 19,000 22,000 6,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 17,000 2,000 D D 17,000 1,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 56,000 24,000 D D S S * * D D
Temporary resident 17,000 1,000 D D 17,000 1,500 D D D D
Physical/ related scientists 63,000 3,500 79,000 6,500 21,000 3,500 S S 74,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 68,000 6,000 78,000 7,000 24,000 5,500 S S 74,000 4,500
Native-born 67,000 6,000 79,000 8,000 23,000 6,000 35,000 17,000 74,000 6,000
Naturalized 70,000 3,500 76,000 5,000 31,000 14,500 D D 70,000 11,500
Non U.S. citizen 24,000 6,000 83,000 19,500 19,000 4,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 84,000 23,500 83,000 19,000 * * D D S S
Temporary resident 19,000 3,500 70,000 27,500 18,000 3,500 D D D D
Chemists, except biochemists 72,000 5,500 76,000 6,000 25,000 4,000 D D 52,000 16,500
U.S. citizen 74,000 1,500 76,000 6,000 30,000 4,000 D D 52,000 16,500
Native-born 74,000 2,000 77,000 10,000 28,000 7,500 D D 49,000 15,500
Naturalized 74,000 4,000 74,000 4,500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 43,000 13,500 76,000 24,000 23,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 72,000 29,000 82,000 21,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 24,000 3,500 * * 23,000 1,000 D D D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 75,000 8,000 83,000 8,000 41,000 12,500 D D 73,000 12,000
U.S. citizen 74,000 8,000 83,000 7,500 48,000 13,500 D D 66,000 16,000
Native-born 74,000 8,000 82,000 10,000 50,000 15,000 D D 70,000 14,000
Naturalized 73,000 36,500 83,000 6,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 10,500 S S * * D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D * * D D D D
Physicists and astronomers 50,000 24,500 104,000 4,000 27,000 500 D D 97,000 25,000
U.S. citizen 96,000 10,500 104,000 4,000 27,000 500 D D 117,000 16,000
Native-born 98,000 9,000 104,000 4,000 27,000 500 D D S S
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 25,000 6,500 D D 28,000 5,500 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 21,000 5,500 D D 28,000 5,500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 20,000 500 D D 19,000 1,000 S S D D
U.S. citizen 20,000 4,000 D D S S S S D D
Native-born 20,000 4,500 D D S S 35,000 17,500 D D
Naturalized S S D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 16,000 1,000 D D 15,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D * * D D D D
Temporary resident 16,000 1,000 D D 15,000 1,500 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 71,000 2,000 71,000 3,500 28,000 12,000 D D 80,000 22,500
U.S. citizen 72,000 1,500 71,000 2,500 * * D D 81,000 22,000
Native-born 72,000 1,500 71,000 3,000 * * D D 90,000 26,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 30,000 10,500 D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Social science, psychology 50,000 2,500 55,000 8,500 20,000 2,000 54,000 4,000 74,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 50,000 2,500 55,000 9,500 20,000 1,000 55,000 3,000 74,000 4,000
Native-born 50,000 2,500 55,000 9,500 20,000 1,000 54,000 4,000 75,000 5,000
Naturalized 48,000 15,500 42,000 17,500 17,000 6,500 60,000 16,000 65,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 24,000 7,000 75,000 17,500 18,000 500 D D S S
Permanent resident S S S S 19,000 1,500 D D D D
Temporary resident 20,000 1,000 63,000 24,500 17,000 2,000 D D * *
Economists 63,000 9,500 68,000 9,000 21,000 1,000 D D 96,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 68,000 6,500 67,000 3,000 21,000 500 D D 96,000 2,500
Native-born 67,000 10,500 67,000 4,000 21,000 500 D D 96,000 3,500
Naturalized * * D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 23,000 11,000 124,000 47,500 19,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident S S 107,000 49,000 19,000 2,000 D D D D
Political scientists 69,000 13,000 65,000 17,500 22,000 3,000 D D 97,000 32,000
U.S. citizen 70,000 12,000 65,000 22,000 D D D D 97,000 32,000
Native-born 70,000 12,000 64,000 22,500 D D D D 99,000 34,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 24,000 4,500 D D 17,000 2,500 S S D D
U.S. citizen 25,000 3,000 D D 17,000 2,500 S S D D
Native-born 25,000 2,000 D D 18,000 2,000 S S D D
Naturalized 15,000 5,000 D D S S D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 4,500 D D 16,000 6,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 11,000 1,500 D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident 17,000 3,500 D D 17,000 3,500 D D D D
Psychologists 52,000 3,000 45,000 4,000 18,000 1,500 59,000 2,500 62,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 52,000 2,500 45,000 4,500 18,000 2,000 59,000 2,000 62,000 5,000
Native-born 52,000 5,500 46,000 4,500 17,000 1,000 59,000 2,500 61,000 3,000
Naturalized 41,000 6,500 D D D D 62,000 17,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 38,000 18,000 D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 40,000 7,500 55,000 14,000 23,000 7,000 D D 69,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 40,000 8,500 55,000 14,000 25,000 8,500 D D 70,000 9,500
Native-born 40,000 8,500 55,000 14,000 25,000 8,500 D D 70,000 9,500
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D * * D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Other social and related scientists 67,000 6,000 67,000 13,000 30,000 12,000 D D 78,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 67,000 6,500 67,000 15,500 31,000 9,500 D D 74,000 10,500
Native-born 67,000 7,500 67,000 20,000 31,000 9,500 D D 78,000 10,000
Naturalized 68,000 9,000 73,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 76,000 26,000 S S 13,000 2,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 91,000 10,500 S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident 29,000 11,500 * * 14,000 3,500 D D D D
Engineering occupations 91,000 2,000 94,000 2,000 23,000 3,000 D D 90,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 95,000 1,500 96,000 2,000 44,000 12,500 D D 90,000 2,000
Native-born 95,000 1,000 96,000 1,500 S S D D 93,000 5,000
Naturalized 93,000 5,500 96,000 6,000 S S D D 86,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 3,500 80,000 4,500 18,000 1,500 D D 57,000 13,500
Permanent resident 85,000 5,500 88,000 5,000 S S D D 56,000 12,500
Temporary resident 61,000 7,000 72,000 2,000 18,000 1,500 D D D D
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 104,000 3,000 102,000 5,000 S S D D 115,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 104,000 2,500 102,000 4,500 S S D D 115,000 6,000
Native-born 103,000 3,500 100,000 3,500 S S D D 115,000 6,500
Naturalized 114,000 27,500 120,000 28,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 86,000 20,000 103,000 31,500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 93,000 41,500 97,000 40,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Chemical engineers 91,000 5,000 94,000 5,500 24,000 2,500 D D 86,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 96,000 3,500 98,000 4,500 S S D D 86,000 13,000
Native-born 96,000 4,000 99,000 4,000 S S D D S S
Naturalized 93,000 6,000 93,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 80,000 7,000 81,000 3,500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 86,000 4,500 86,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 70,000 14,000 73,000 7,000 * * D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 79,000 1,500 78,000 2,500 24,000 1,500 D D 81,000 7,000
U.S. citizen 80,000 1,500 79,000 1,500 * * D D 84,000 6,000
Native-born 78,000 3,000 78,000 2,500 * * D D 79,000 11,000
Naturalized 86,000 2,500 89,000 2,000 D D D D 83,000 5,000
Non U.S. citizen 68,000 3,500 68,000 2,000 * * D D 68,000 24,000
Permanent resident 74,000 8,500 80,000 14,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 63,000 4,000 65,000 2,500 * * D D D D
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 100,000 4,500 100,000 2,000 18,000 2,000 D D 113,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 105,000 4,500 105,000 4,500 57,000 9,500 D D 115,000 9,500
Native-born 107,000 3,000 106,000 3,000 62,000 25,500 D D 121,000 7,500
Naturalized 99,000 10,000 100,000 10,500 D D D D 92,000 10,000
Non U.S. citizen 70,000 5,000 81,000 10,500 18,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 89,000 18,000 92,000 17,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 52,000 22,500 74,000 3,500 18,000 1,500 D D D D
Industrial engineers 83,000 10,000 84,000 10,500 * * D D S S
U.S. citizen 93,000 9,000 93,000 8,000 * * D D S S
Native-born 92,000 9,500 92,000 9,000 * * D D S S
Naturalized 99,000 26,500 99,000 27,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 71,000 5,000 72,000 4,500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 73,000 7,000 73,000 7,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 66,000 8,500 71,000 6,000 * * D D D D
Mechanical engineers 87,000 5,000 89,000 3,000 25,000 1,000 D D 93,000 11,500
U.S. citizen 89,000 3,500 89,000 3,000 S S D D 93,000 11,500
Native-born 88,000 4,500 88,000 3,500 28,000 9,000 D D 95,000 11,000
Naturalized 90,000 4,500 91,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 79,000 7,000 83,000 7,000 20,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 87,000 7,500 88,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 72,000 4,000 75,000 10,500 D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering S S D D 23,000 7,500 D D D D
U.S. citizen 53,000 5,500 D D 52,000 12,000 D D D D
Native-born 54,000 5,500 D D 52,000 11,500 D D D D
Naturalized * * D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 2,500 D D 14,000 2,500 D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident 12,000 3,000 D D 12,000 3,000 D D D D
Other engineers 92,000 3,500 94,000 3,500 25,000 2,000 D D 87,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 94,000 3,000 96,000 4,000 28,000 8,000 D D 87,000 4,500
Native-born 94,000 3,500 97,000 4,500 27,000 13,000 D D 84,000 4,500
Naturalized 89,000 5,000 90,000 9,000 29,000 8,500 D D 88,000 8,000
Non U.S. citizen 82,000 13,000 85,000 7,000 20,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 91,000 12,500 92,000 11,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 70,000 9,000 71,000 10,000 20,000 1,000 D D D D
S&E-related occupations 67,000 1,500 77,000 3,000 60,000 500 57,000 2,500 86,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 67,000 2,000 77,000 3,000 60,000 1,000 57,000 2,500 87,000 5,000
Native-born 65,000 1,500 75,000 2,000 60,000 1,000 55,000 2,500 89,000 4,000
Naturalized 79,000 6,500 86,000 6,000 60,000 8,500 72,000 8,000 80,000 5,000
Non U.S. citizen 60,000 5,500 69,000 8,500 30,000 11,000 58,000 5,500 S S
Permanent resident 63,000 9,500 71,000 14,500 51,000 13,500 58,000 5,000 S S
Temporary resident 55,000 3,500 64,000 7,000 23,000 2,000 D D D D
Health and related 63,000 2,000 65,000 1,500 60,000 500 55,000 1,500 70,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 64,000 1,500 66,000 2,500 60,000 1,000 55,000 2,000 70,000 3,000
Native-born 63,000 1,500 65,000 1,500 60,000 1,000 55,000 2,000 70,000 3,500
Naturalized 75,000 5,000 79,000 7,500 60,000 16,500 D D 64,000 11,500
Non U.S. citizen 45,000 14,500 S S 50,000 8,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 39,000 14,000 33,000 13,500 60,000 6,500 D D S S
Temporary resident 55,000 9,000 58,000 6,500 S S D D D D
S&E manager 115,000 6,500 120,000 5,000 83,000 3,500 73,000 10,000 114,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 115,000 6,000 120,000 6,000 83,000 3,500 73,000 10,000 114,000 8,500
Native-born 115,000 7,000 119,000 7,000 82,000 3,500 72,000 10,000 120,000 10,500
Naturalized 112,000 8,000 122,000 11,000 D D D D 99,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 112,000 13,500 112,000 13,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 124,000 7,500 124,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 84,000 5,000 84,000 5,000 D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 57,000 2,500 D D D D 57,000 2,500 D D
U.S. citizen 57,000 2,500 D D D D 57,000 2,500 D D
Native-born 55,000 3,000 D D D D 55,000 3,000 D D
Naturalized 73,000 8,000 D D D D 74,000 8,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 54,000 8,000 D D D D 54,000 8,000 D D
Permanent resident 55,000 9,000 D D D D 55,000 9,000 D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
S&E technician/ technologist 72,000 1,500 74,000 6,500 38,000 5,500 S S 68,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 73,000 3,500 75,000 8,000 47,000 8,500 S S 68,000 8,500
Native-born 71,000 5,500 75,000 8,500 47,000 8,500 D D 69,000 13,000
Naturalized 73,000 8,500 77,000 12,000 40,000 15,000 D D 61,000 8,500
Non U.S. citizen 56,000 6,500 69,000 9,500 24,000 3,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 71,000 6,500 78,000 17,000 40,000 14,500 D D D D
Temporary resident 50,000 6,500 55,000 4,500 23,000 1,500 D D D D
Other S&E-related 69,000 5,000 67,000 11,000 D D D D 74,000 14,500
U.S. citizen 70,000 3,500 69,000 9,500 D D D D 74,000 14,500
Native-born 69,000 4,000 68,000 10,000 D D D D 70,000 10,500
Naturalized 70,000 8,500 69,000 24,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 47,000 13,500 S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 62,000 2,000 72,000 3,500 44,000 2,000 54,000 1,000 70,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 61,000 3,000 70,000 3,500 45,000 1,500 54,000 500 70,000 2,000
Native-born 60,000 1,000 70,000 2,000 44,000 2,000 54,000 1,000 70,000 2,500
Naturalized 73,000 6,500 84,000 8,500 59,000 6,500 57,000 5,000 70,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 66,000 10,000 79,000 6,500 20,000 9,500 S S 48,000 10,000
Permanent resident 62,000 10,000 78,000 14,000 S S 22,000 5,500 42,000 12,000
Temporary resident 78,000 18,500 94,000 16,500 19,000 1,000 S S D D
Arts/ humanities/ related 40,000 14,000 32,000 15,000 45,000 10,000 D D 64,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 39,000 17,000 31,000 13,500 45,000 10,000 D D 65,000 3,000
Native-born 44,000 16,000 33,000 17,000 45,000 10,000 D D 65,000 3,000
Naturalized 12,000 6,000 9,000 3,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident 33,000 8,500 D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Management-related 85,000 4,500 92,000 4,000 46,000 10,500 45,000 6,500 77,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 88,000 4,000 95,000 3,000 48,000 14,500 45,000 6,500 78,000 5,000
Native-born 86,000 4,500 95,000 5,500 45,000 11,500 45,000 6,500 79,000 6,500
Naturalized 90,000 4,000 95,000 3,000 77,000 8,500 D D 69,000 9,000
Non U.S. citizen 79,000 1,000 79,000 1,500 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 78,000 3,000 77,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 99,000 10,000 100,000 5,500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 109,000 4,000 120,000 7,000 91,000 12,000 86,000 3,500 99,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 107,000 4,000 120,000 6,000 95,000 12,000 86,000 3,500 99,000 6,500
Native-born 106,000 4,000 120,000 2,000 97,000 7,500 86,000 3,500 99,000 6,000
Naturalized 115,000 8,000 134,000 14,000 65,000 3,500 88,000 16,500 94,000 10,000
Non U.S. citizen 120,000 17,000 123,000 20,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 139,000 14,000 145,000 12,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 30,000 2,500 D D 28,000 4,500 S S D D
U.S. citizen 30,000 5,000 D D 30,000 6,000 S S D D
Native-born 29,000 3,000 D D 28,000 3,500 30,000 15,000 D D
Naturalized 40,000 8,000 D D 40,000 9,000 S S D D
Non U.S. citizen 18,000 1,500 D D 18,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident 17,000 1,500 D D 17,000 1,500 D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 52,000 2,500 S S D D 52,000 2,500 D D
U.S. citizen 52,000 2,000 S S D D 52,000 2,000 D D
Native-born 52,000 2,000 S S D D 52,000 2,000 D D
Naturalized 57,000 5,000 D D D D 57,000 5,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 11,000 D D D D 22,000 11,000 D D
Permanent resident 22,000 4,000 D D D D 22,000 4,000 D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D S S D D
Sales/ marketing 78,000 5,500 79,000 5,500 52,000 22,000 D D 66,000 23,500
U.S. citizen 78,000 6,000 79,000 5,000 52,000 22,000 D D 66,000 23,500
Native-born 79,000 4,000 79,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Naturalized 52,000 10,000 54,000 12,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 84,000 27,500 84,000 27,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 60,000 28,000 60,000 28,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Social service-related 47,000 2,000 43,000 2,000 45,000 2,000 53,000 2,000 50,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 47,000 1,000 43,000 2,500 44,000 2,500 53,000 2,000 51,000 2,500
Native-born 47,000 2,000 42,000 2,500 44,000 2,500 52,000 2,000 50,000 2,500
Naturalized 47,000 500 46,000 2,500 S S 68,000 20,500 51,000 5,500
Non U.S. citizen 34,000 13,500 30,000 11,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 33,000 11,500 28,000 11,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 36,000 3,000 28,000 4,000 30,000 6,000 40,000 17,000 58,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 38,000 3,000 29,000 3,500 34,000 6,500 40,000 17,500 59,000 3,500
Native-born 38,000 4,500 26,000 6,500 34,000 8,000 36,000 13,000 59,000 2,000
Naturalized 39,000 500 38,000 3,500 42,000 4,500 S S 49,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 8,500 S S 24,000 8,500 D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident 47,000 17,500 50,000 7,000 S S D D D D
Doctorate 85,000 1,500 101,000 3,000 72,000 1,500 70,000 6,500 98,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 89,000 2,000 106,000 3,500 76,000 2,000 69,000 6,500 100,000 500
Native-born 83,000 3,500 100,000 1,500 74,000 2,000 68,000 7,500 100,000 2,000
Naturalized 103,000 3,000 120,000 1,500 90,000 1,500 69,000 2,000 100,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 76,000 3,500 97,000 5,000 60,000 2,000 86,000 32,000 69,000 5,000
Permanent resident 85,000 3,500 100,000 4,500 70,000 1,500 S S 92,000 1,500
Temporary resident 60,000 3,000 90,000 3,000 45,000 1,500 * * 57,000 5,500
S&E occupations 85,000 1,000 103,000 3,000 70,000 500 60,000 1,000 96,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 87,000 2,000 108,000 2,000 73,000 1,500 60,000 500 100,000 500
Native-born 82,000 2,000 102,000 2,500 70,000 1,000 59,000 1,500 100,000 1,500
Naturalized 103,000 2,500 120,000 5,000 88,000 5,000 72,000 5,500 98,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 75,000 1,500 98,000 3,000 56,000 2,000 47,000 9,500 69,000 3,500
Permanent resident 85,000 1,000 100,000 3,000 70,000 1,500 46,000 10,500 91,000 1,500
Temporary resident 55,000 5,000 88,000 4,000 45,000 1,000 * * 54,000 7,000
Science occupations 80,000 500 100,000 500 67,000 2,000 60,000 1,500 94,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 82,000 2,500 102,000 2,000 70,000 1,500 60,000 1,000 97,000 3,000
Native-born 78,000 1,500 100,000 1,000 69,000 2,000 59,000 2,000 98,000 3,500
Naturalized 100,000 1,000 114,000 4,000 83,000 3,500 73,000 7,000 96,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 69,000 2,500 94,000 3,000 55,000 1,000 50,000 10,000 67,000 7,500
Permanent resident 80,000 2,500 100,000 3,500 67,000 4,500 49,000 10,000 92,000 1,500
Temporary resident 52,000 2,000 85,000 4,000 45,000 1,000 * * 50,000 4,000
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 74,000 2,500 96,000 3,500 60,000 500 56,000 2,500 90,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 81,000 3,000 104,000 3,000 69,000 1,000 57,000 3,000 92,000 5,000
Native-born 78,000 1,500 100,000 2,000 66,000 3,500 57,000 3,000 91,000 5,500
Naturalized 98,000 3,500 107,000 7,000 79,000 6,000 * * 96,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 53,000 3,500 79,000 3,000 50,000 1,500 * * 60,000 5,000
Permanent resident 70,000 4,500 91,000 5,000 59,000 4,500 * * 91,000 11,500
Temporary resident 43,000 2,000 59,000 8,500 42,000 500 D D 49,000 3,000
Agricultural/ food sciences 82,000 4,000 89,000 6,500 68,000 10,000 D D 93,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 90,000 4,000 94,000 5,500 74,000 3,000 D D 95,000 4,500
Native-born 87,000 5,500 90,000 5,000 74,000 3,500 D D 99,000 3,500
Naturalized 90,000 6,500 96,000 2,500 * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 67,000 5,000 75,000 5,000 39,000 14,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 72,000 8,500 76,000 6,500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident S S * * * * D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 70,000 2,500 98,000 4,000 48,000 2,000 * * 89,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 83,000 4,000 105,000 2,000 51,000 3,500 * * 91,000 5,500
Native-born 77,000 4,500 103,000 3,000 46,000 2,000 * * 89,000 7,500
Naturalized 99,000 3,500 110,000 7,000 73,000 6,000 D D 97,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 50,000 1,500 79,000 4,000 45,000 2,000 D D 59,000 7,000
Permanent resident 62,000 9,500 91,000 6,000 50,000 2,000 D D 93,000 4,500
Temporary resident 43,000 2,000 59,000 8,500 42,000 500 D D 49,000 3,000
Environmental life scientists 75,000 6,500 82,000 9,500 * * D D 91,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 80,000 5,000 83,000 10,000 * * D D 92,000 7,500
Native-born 78,000 8,000 82,000 11,000 * * D D 88,000 10,000
Naturalized * * D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 78,000 1,500 D D 79,000 1,500 55,000 2,000 D D
U.S. citizen 78,000 1,000 D D 79,000 1,500 56,000 2,500 D D
Native-born 75,000 3,000 D D 78,000 1,500 56,000 2,500 D D
Naturalized 93,000 14,000 D D 97,000 15,500 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 76,000 8,000 D D 79,000 8,500 * * D D
Permanent resident 82,000 12,000 D D 84,000 9,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 59,000 10,500 D D 59,000 10,500 D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 95,000 2,500 112,000 4,000 77,000 5,500 59,000 3,000 108,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 95,000 4,000 117,000 5,000 78,000 7,000 59,000 2,500 109,000 3,000
Native-born 88,000 7,000 110,000 6,500 71,000 8,500 58,000 3,500 115,000 5,000
Naturalized 109,000 2,000 119,000 1,000 91,000 4,500 73,000 8,000 103,000 5,000
Non U.S. citizen 95,000 2,500 101,000 9,500 75,000 5,000 * * * *
Permanent resident 99,000 1,500 112,000 5,000 84,000 3,000 * * * *
Temporary resident 89,000 6,000 100,000 5,000 58,000 4,000 D D * *
Computer and information scientists 103,000 7,000 112,000 4,000 S S D D 105,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 103,000 8,500 114,000 6,000 S S D D 107,000 4,500
Native-born 95,000 12,500 110,000 8,500 S S D D 114,000 6,500
Naturalized 118,000 5,500 119,000 2,000 106,000 18,500 D D 98,000 13,500
Non U.S. citizen 100,000 9,000 107,000 7,500 57,000 7,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 114,000 5,000 115,000 5,000 * * D D * *
Temporary resident 97,000 3,000 98,000 1,500 54,000 4,000 D D * *
Mathematical scientists 103,000 4,000 112,000 10,500 61,000 15,000 D D 109,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 113,000 7,500 124,000 4,500 69,000 22,000 D D 110,000 5,000
Native-born 105,000 6,000 119,000 5,500 48,000 7,500 D D 116,000 6,500
Naturalized 123,000 6,000 140,000 5,500 102,000 12,500 D D 105,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 89,000 4,000 96,000 5,500 59,000 10,500 D D * *
Permanent resident 95,000 4,000 103,000 9,500 67,000 9,000 D D * *
Temporary resident 79,000 11,500 89,000 6,000 56,000 1,500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 79,000 1,500 D D 82,000 2,500 58,000 5,000 D D
U.S. citizen 79,000 2,000 D D 82,000 1,500 59,000 3,000 D D
Native-born 75,000 2,500 D D 79,000 1,500 58,000 4,000 D D
Naturalized 90,000 5,000 D D 91,000 1,500 61,000 9,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 79,000 2,500 D D 80,000 4,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 85,000 2,500 D D 86,000 2,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 62,000 2,500 D D 63,000 2,000 D D D D
Physical/ related scientists 84,000 2,500 107,000 2,500 69,000 3,000 59,000 1,000 98,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 90,000 500 110,000 1,500 73,000 2,500 59,000 1,500 106,000 3,000
Native-born 88,000 2,500 110,000 1,000 70,000 2,500 59,000 1,000 107,000 3,000
Naturalized 101,000 3,500 113,000 5,000 81,000 2,500 * * 101,000 11,500
Non U.S. citizen 70,000 4,000 92,000 4,500 56,000 4,500 65,000 24,000 90,000 24,000
Permanent resident 77,000 5,500 103,000 9,500 69,000 3,500 S S 91,000 4,500
Temporary resident 50,000 5,500 74,000 14,500 46,000 5,500 D D 57,000 8,000
Chemists, except biochemists 95,000 4,000 104,000 2,500 43,000 4,000 D D 85,000 9,500
U.S. citizen 104,000 2,000 109,000 2,000 48,000 5,000 D D 90,000 5,500
Native-born 100,000 2,000 106,000 3,000 47,000 3,500 D D 88,000 5,000
Naturalized 109,000 3,500 113,000 4,500 * * D D 94,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 59,000 13,000 85,000 5,000 39,000 3,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 85,000 5,500 92,000 3,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 39,000 6,000 S S S S D D D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 90,000 3,000 109,000 5,000 69,000 2,500 D D 102,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 100,000 2,000 110,000 7,000 63,000 8,500 D D 106,000 6,500
Native-born 99,000 2,500 110,000 6,500 57,000 9,500 D D 109,000 7,500
Naturalized 102,000 8,500 111,000 15,000 * * D D 93,000 22,000
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 5,000 95,000 14,000 69,000 1,500 D D * *
Permanent resident 71,000 5,000 153,000 61,500 69,000 1,000 D D * *
Temporary resident 76,000 17,000 91,000 11,500 58,000 18,500 D D * *
Physicists and astronomers 100,000 4,500 120,000 4,500 55,000 6,000 D D 108,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 108,000 2,000 120,000 2,000 61,000 5,000 D D 117,000 6,000
Native-born 107,000 2,500 120,000 4,000 60,000 3,500 D D 117,000 5,000
Naturalized 111,000 12,500 116,000 12,000 * * D D 116,000 28,000
Non U.S. citizen 67,000 12,000 114,000 6,500 53,000 4,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 97,000 10,000 117,000 7,500 59,000 9,500 D D D D
Temporary resident 52,000 5,500 * * 47,000 5,000 D D * *
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 72,000 2,000 D D 74,000 2,500 59,000 1,500 D D
U.S. citizen 73,000 2,000 D D 75,000 2,000 59,000 1,500 D D
Native-born 72,000 3,000 D D 74,000 2,000 59,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized 81,000 2,500 D D 82,000 5,500 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 64,000 6,500 D D 64,000 6,500 S S D D
Permanent resident 66,000 10,000 D D 66,000 10,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 56,000 3,500 D D 57,000 3,000 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 92,000 3,500 99,000 8,500 58,000 18,500 D D 92,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 99,000 6,000 97,000 11,000 * * D D 106,000 14,500
Native-born 100,000 8,000 100,000 13,000 * * D D 103,000 7,500
Naturalized 90,000 34,500 D D * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 82,000 5,500 * * * * D D S S
Permanent resident S S * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Social science, psychology 73,000 2,500 84,000 4,000 69,000 1,500 60,000 4,500 93,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 73,000 2,500 80,000 1,000 70,000 2,500 60,000 4,500 94,000 2,500
Native-born 72,000 2,000 80,000 1,000 68,000 3,000 58,000 3,000 94,000 2,000
Naturalized 80,000 4,000 83,000 2,000 77,000 7,000 88,000 8,000 86,000 29,000
Non U.S. citizen 70,000 4,500 101,000 11,500 60,000 4,000 * * * *
Permanent resident 70,000 5,000 98,000 4,000 65,000 7,000 * * * *
Temporary resident 69,000 11,000 109,000 43,500 60,000 3,000 D D * *
Economists 122,000 7,000 134,000 19,500 79,000 14,500 D D 126,000 7,000
U.S. citizen 124,000 5,500 129,000 11,500 85,000 9,000 D D 126,000 7,500
Native-born 124,000 6,500 134,000 11,000 91,000 9,500 D D 125,000 8,000
Naturalized 120,000 11,500 * * * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 117,000 40,000 140,000 27,500 50,000 19,500 D D * *
Permanent resident 125,000 35,500 126,000 23,500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 104,000 47,500 148,000 41,000 * * D D D D
Political scientists 105,000 10,000 * * 62,000 11,500 D D S S
U.S. citizen 106,000 6,000 * * * * D D S S
Native-born 106,000 4,000 * * * * D D * *
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 69,000 1,000 D D 70,000 2,000 53,000 3,500 D D
U.S. citizen 69,000 2,500 D D 70,000 1,000 53,000 4,000 D D
Native-born 68,000 2,500 D D 69,000 2,000 52,000 4,000 D D
Naturalized 79,000 3,500 D D 79,000 4,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 66,000 4,000 D D 67,000 4,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 66,000 5,500 D D 67,000 6,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 66,000 7,000 D D 66,000 7,000 D D D D
Psychologists 75,000 500 75,000 2,000 58,000 6,000 67,000 10,000 84,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 75,000 500 75,000 2,000 60,000 2,000 67,000 10,000 85,000 3,000
Native-born 75,000 1,000 75,000 2,000 60,000 4,000 64,000 8,500 88,000 3,500
Naturalized 64,000 13,000 78,000 10,500 46,000 14,000 * * S S
Non U.S. citizen 57,000 11,500 78,000 18,000 51,000 10,500 D D * *
Permanent resident 71,000 18,500 67,000 19,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 45,000 15,500 D D 48,000 14,000 D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 70,000 5,500 68,000 11,500 60,000 6,500 D D 100,000 5,500
U.S. citizen 74,000 6,000 69,000 12,000 63,000 7,500 D D 102,000 6,000
Native-born 74,000 6,000 70,000 11,000 59,000 8,500 D D 103,000 6,000
Naturalized * * D D * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen * * * * * * D D D D
Permanent resident * * * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Other social and related scientists 87,000 8,500 97,000 6,500 67,000 13,500 * * 92,000 5,500
U.S. citizen 90,000 1,500 99,000 9,500 78,000 17,000 * * 92,000 5,500
Native-born 90,000 3,500 100,000 10,500 78,000 18,500 D D 90,000 5,500
Naturalized 90,000 1,500 * * * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 43,000 20,500 S S S S D D D D
Permanent resident S S 98,000 4,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D D D D D
Engineering occupations 105,000 2,000 113,000 4,000 90,000 1,000 * * 110,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 115,000 1,500 120,000 500 100,000 2,500 * * 116,000 2,500
Native-born 115,000 5,500 120,000 1,000 100,000 1,000 * * 119,000 3,500
Naturalized 116,000 3,500 120,000 4,000 105,000 4,000 D D 100,000 14,000
Non U.S. citizen 91,000 2,000 100,000 500 69,000 5,500 D D 70,000 2,000
Permanent resident 97,000 3,000 101,000 6,500 82,000 3,500 D D * *
Temporary resident 80,000 5,000 97,000 4,000 44,000 2,500 D D 69,000 5,000
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 119,000 4,500 123,000 7,500 * * D D 121,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 124,000 4,000 126,000 6,000 * * D D 121,000 3,000
Native-born 125,000 4,500 134,000 5,000 * * D D 120,000 2,500
Naturalized 112,000 14,000 110,000 12,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 83,000 500 * * * * D D D D
Permanent resident 83,000 4,000 * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Chemical engineers 111,000 7,500 115,000 7,000 S S D D * *
U.S. citizen 119,000 500 120,000 500 * * D D * *
Native-born 119,000 500 119,000 500 * * D D * *
Naturalized 128,000 5,000 129,000 4,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 91,000 1,000 91,000 2,500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 91,000 2,500 91,000 2,500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 84,000 8,500 93,000 3,500 * * D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 86,000 6,000 90,000 8,500 62,000 26,500 D D 83,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 99,000 4,500 100,000 8,000 * * D D 89,000 5,500
Native-born 97,000 7,000 90,000 7,500 * * D D * *
Naturalized 99,000 8,000 115,000 8,000 D D D D 86,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 78,000 2,500 80,000 4,000 * * D D * *
Permanent resident 94,000 6,000 99,000 3,500 * * D D * *
Temporary resident 69,000 6,500 76,000 3,000 * * D D D D
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 120,000 500 120,000 1,500 84,000 1,000 D D 120,000 14,500
U.S. citizen 130,000 500 130,000 3,000 100,000 7,500 D D 127,000 13,500
Native-born 130,000 1,500 134,000 5,000 98,000 8,000 D D 127,000 8,000
Naturalized 129,000 1,000 129,000 1,500 * * D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 107,000 4,000 110,000 3,000 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 112,000 7,000 118,000 5,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 99,000 1,000 100,000 2,000 * * D D D D
Industrial engineers 111,000 13,000 102,000 7,500 D D D D * *
U.S. citizen 124,000 14,000 107,000 30,500 D D D D * *
Native-born 124,000 11,500 * * D D D D * *
Naturalized * * * * D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * * * D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D D D D D D D
Mechanical engineers 100,000 1,000 100,000 1,500 68,000 21,000 D D 115,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 114,000 5,500 114,000 7,000 104,000 16,000 D D 121,000 10,000
Native-born 107,000 3,000 106,000 3,000 * * D D * *
Naturalized 119,000 2,500 119,000 4,500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 80,000 7,000 86,000 5,000 53,000 8,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 90,000 6,500 93,000 6,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 63,000 13,500 76,000 8,000 53,000 7,500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering 100,000 1,000 D D 100,000 500 * * D D
U.S. citizen 103,000 2,000 D D 103,000 2,000 * * D D
Native-born 102,000 2,500 D D 103,000 2,000 * * D D
Naturalized 105,000 4,000 D D 105,000 4,000 D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 82,000 5,500 D D 82,000 5,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 85,000 7,500 D D 85,000 7,500 D D D D
Temporary resident 72,000 5,500 D D 72,000 5,500 D D D D
Other engineers 100,000 1,000 109,000 5,000 45,000 4,000 D D 104,000 9,500
U.S. citizen 109,000 5,000 110,000 1,500 66,000 5,500 D D 111,000 13,500
Native-born 106,000 6,000 110,000 4,000 62,000 8,500 D D 110,000 15,500
Naturalized 109,000 1,500 110,000 1,000 S S D D 106,000 13,500
Non U.S. citizen 84,000 19,500 100,000 6,500 40,000 5,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 87,000 18,500 99,000 9,000 58,000 16,000 D D D D
Temporary resident 70,000 25,500 120,000 57,500 37,000 9,000 D D * *
S&E-related occupations 86,000 9,000 100,000 7,500 85,000 2,500 64,000 16,000 100,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 90,000 8,500 120,000 9,000 89,000 3,500 59,000 18,500 100,000 4,000
Native-born 82,000 7,000 106,000 14,000 85,000 5,000 60,000 21,500 105,000 7,500
Naturalized 110,000 11,000 130,000 4,000 96,000 11,000 56,000 7,500 96,000 7,000
Non U.S. citizen 75,000 29,500 S S 60,000 22,000 S S S S
Permanent resident 78,000 34,500 S S 87,000 10,500 S S * *
Temporary resident 62,000 17,000 104,000 5,500 45,000 6,500 D D D D
Health and related 75,000 8,500 54,000 6,000 88,000 4,500 S S 95,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 85,000 4,500 70,000 10,500 88,000 5,000 78,000 4,500 95,000 5,000
Native-born 83,000 3,500 70,000 10,000 85,000 2,000 77,000 6,000 95,000 500
Naturalized 100,000 7,500 S S 100,000 6,500 D D 95,000 2,500
Non U.S. citizen 50,000 10,000 47,000 8,500 86,000 9,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 48,000 13,000 47,000 9,500 90,000 13,000 D D * *
Temporary resident 61,000 7,000 S S 50,000 2,000 D D D D
S&E manager 130,000 9,500 130,000 12,000 100,000 7,000 D D 125,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 131,000 7,000 140,000 9,500 107,000 9,000 D D 124,000 2,000
Native-born 129,000 7,500 132,000 13,500 109,000 6,000 D D 124,000 2,500
Naturalized 144,000 8,500 149,000 4,000 97,000 16,500 D D 129,000 11,000
Non U.S. citizen 100,000 18,000 100,000 25,500 92,000 8,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 100,000 17,500 100,000 24,500 95,000 4,500 D D D D
Temporary resident * * * * D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 55,000 19,500 D D D D 55,000 19,500 D D
U.S. citizen 57,000 20,500 D D D D 56,000 20,500 D D
Native-born 58,000 23,000 D D D D 58,000 23,000 D D
Naturalized 55,000 5,500 D D D D 55,000 5,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D * * D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D * * D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
S&E technician/ technologist 89,000 14,500 105,000 6,000 40,000 4,500 D D S S
U.S. citizen 96,000 11,500 112,000 9,500 67,000 2,500 D D S S
Native-born 90,000 15,500 98,000 18,500 * * D D * *
Naturalized 96,000 17,500 115,000 11,500 D D D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 78,000 26,500 104,000 3,500 33,000 6,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 77,000 29,000 124,000 30,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Other S&E-related S S S S D D D D D D
U.S. citizen * * * * D D D D D D
Native-born * * D D D D D D D D
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 90,000 2,000 100,000 2,500 82,000 4,000 80,000 8,500 100,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 90,000 3,000 100,000 3,000 83,000 3,500 80,000 9,000 100,000 4,500
Native-born 90,000 6,000 99,000 6,500 80,000 4,000 84,000 8,500 100,000 3,500
Naturalized 100,000 5,500 110,000 13,000 98,000 7,000 69,000 500 105,000 12,000
Non U.S. citizen 87,000 6,500 99,000 8,500 70,000 11,000 * * * *
Permanent resident 88,000 13,000 104,000 12,000 69,000 7,500 * * * *
Temporary resident 87,000 5,500 87,000 5,500 88,000 25,500 D D D D
Arts/ humanities/ related 52,000 8,000 50,000 7,000 59,000 4,500 D D * *
U.S. citizen 49,000 4,500 46,000 7,000 56,000 4,000 D D * *
Native-born 49,000 4,000 46,000 8,000 56,000 4,000 D D * *
Naturalized S S S S D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 70,000 17,000 S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Management-related 105,000 5,000 110,000 6,500 89,000 11,000 * * 101,000 7,500
U.S. citizen 104,000 5,000 107,000 9,000 89,000 11,000 * * 103,000 7,500
Native-born 99,000 7,000 103,000 7,500 92,000 12,000 * * 100,000 8,500
Naturalized 118,000 7,000 119,000 7,000 81,000 4,500 * * 106,000 14,500
Non U.S. citizen 120,000 11,000 120,000 22,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 119,000 14,000 120,000 20,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 120,000 21,500 124,000 31,000 D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 129,000 3,500 139,000 11,500 124,000 3,000 110,000 17,500 123,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 129,000 2,000 139,000 10,000 124,000 4,500 110,000 17,500 123,000 5,000
Native-born 129,000 2,000 146,000 12,000 123,000 2,500 111,000 20,500 123,000 17,500
Naturalized 133,000 19,000 125,000 22,000 154,000 12,000 * * * *
Non U.S. citizen 116,000 27,000 119,000 46,000 71,000 35,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 119,000 37,500 135,000 57,500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 71,000 2,000 D D 72,000 2,000 65,000 9,000 D D
U.S. citizen 71,000 2,000 D D 72,000 2,000 60,000 11,000 D D
Native-born 70,000 2,000 D D 70,000 2,500 67,000 4,500 D D
Naturalized 81,000 6,000 D D 84,000 6,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 79,000 17,000 D D 78,000 19,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 69,000 11,000 D D 68,000 10,500 * * D D
Temporary resident 93,000 23,500 D D 93,000 23,500 D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 69,000 12,500 D D D D 69,000 12,500 D D
U.S. citizen 69,000 12,000 D D D D 69,000 12,000 D D
Native-born 69,000 22,000 D D D D 69,000 22,000 D D
Naturalized S S D D D D S S D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sales/ marketing 103,000 13,000 103,000 13,000 D D D D D D
U.S. citizen 99,000 18,000 99,000 18,500 D D D D D D
Native-born 87,000 28,000 86,000 28,000 D D D D D D
Naturalized 112,000 21,500 112,000 21,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 109,000 4,500 109,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 109,000 5,000 109,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * * * D D D D D D
Social service-related 56,000 8,500 50,000 3,500 42,000 10,000 82,000 8,500 S S
U.S. citizen 57,000 7,500 50,000 5,000 42,000 8,500 82,000 8,500 S S
Native-born 58,000 6,500 50,000 5,500 45,000 14,000 78,000 4,500 S S
Naturalized S S S S D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 48,000 14,000 35,000 10,000 49,000 14,000 * * 97,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 49,000 1,500 47,000 17,500 54,000 3,500 * * 97,000 1,500
Native-born 49,000 2,500 42,000 18,500 54,000 1,500 * * 98,000 1,500
Naturalized 49,000 11,500 43,000 16,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 29,000 13,000 S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S * * D D D D D D

Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Salaries are for principal job and rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors for salaries are rounded up to the nearest $500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2010.
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of 22 September 2014.