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nsf.gov - Table 3 - NCSES Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2010 - US National Science Foundation (NSF) SAS Output
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Table 3. Broad occupation category of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level and field of highest degree: 2010
 

Level and field of highest degree              All occupations S&E occupations S&E-related occupations  
  Biological/ agricultural/
other life scientists		 Computer/ mathematical
scientists
Physical/ related scientists
 Social/ related scientists
 Engineers

Health occupations

S&E managers, including health S&E pre-college teachers S&E technicians and technologists Other S&E-related occupations Non-S&E occupations
Number SE Percent Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE Percent SE
All degree levels and fieldsa 21,903,000 154,500 100.0 2.7 0.15 10.9 0.25 1.5 0.05 2.4 0.10 7.2 0.15 19.7 0.30 3.9 0.20 4.2 0.25 3.0 0.15 0.9 0.10 43.6 0.35
S&E fields 11,401,000 92,500 100.0 4.1 0.15 13.8 0.30 2.6 0.10 3.2 0.10 11.3 0.20 4.7 0.20 3.7 0.20 1.7 0.15 3.6 0.15 0.3 0.05 51.0 0.45
Sciences 8,721,000 83,000 100.0 5.2 0.20 14.0 0.30 3.1 0.10 4.1 0.15 1.6 0.10 5.8 0.25 2.4 0.15 2.1 0.15 3.0 0.15 0.3 0.10 58.1 0.50
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences 1,766,000 35,500 100.0 22.4 0.80 2.9 0.30 2.7 0.20 0.3 0.10 1.6 0.25 15.1 0.75 2.7 0.30 3.5 0.55 4.8 0.40 D D 43.9 1.20
Agricultural/ food sciences 302,000 20,000 100.0 19.2 2.35 2.3 0.65 1.3 0.40 * * 1.7 0.65 4.0 0.95 1.3 0.25 1.0 0.35 2.6 0.70 D D 66.9 2.65
Biological sciences 1,300,000 27,500 100.0 23.8 0.80 2.8 0.30 2.4 0.25 0.3 0.10 1.2 0.25 19.2 1.00 3.0 0.40 4.3 0.75 5.4 0.45 D D 37.7 1.35
Environmental life sciences 164,000 11,500 100.0 17.7 3.20 6.1 1.20 7.9 1.10 0.6 0.25 4.3 1.30 2.4 0.80 3.0 0.90 1.2 0.45 4.3 1.05 D D 51.2 3.40
Computer/ mathematical sciences 1,889,000 40,500 100.0 0.2 0.10 50.8 1.20 0.2 0.05 0.3 0.10 2.2 0.25 1.0 0.25 5.1 0.50 2.9 0.35 6.0 0.50 1.1 0.25 30.3 1.10
Computer/ information sciences 1,397,000 37,000 100.0 0.1 0.05 57.1 1.40 * * 0.1 0.05 2.0 0.25 1.0 0.30 6.2 0.65 0.8 0.40 6.9 0.60 0.3 0.15 25.5 1.20
Mathematics/ statistics 493,000 19,500 100.0 0.4 0.20 33.1 1.70 0.4 0.20 0.6 0.20 2.8 0.40 0.8 0.40 2.0 0.50 8.7 0.85 3.4 0.60 3.4 0.80 43.8 1.90
Physical/ related sciences 694,000 18,500 100.0 5.0 0.40 7.1 0.60 30.5 1.00 0.3 0.10 7.9 0.60 4.5 0.75 3.2 0.40 2.9 0.45 4.2 0.50 S S 34.1 1.50
Chemistry, except biochemistry 313,000 11,000 100.0 7.7 0.70 4.5 0.85 31.3 1.40 * * 5.4 0.70 6.7 1.20 2.6 0.40 3.5 0.75 4.2 0.75 D D 33.9 2.00
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 184,000 12,000 100.0 1.6 0.35 5.4 1.15 34.2 2.30 S S 7.6 1.20 S S 3.8 0.95 2.2 0.55 4.3 1.20 D D 38.0 3.45
Physics/ astronomy 166,000 7,500 100.0 3.6 0.60 14.5 1.65 28.9 1.50 * * 12.7 1.35 0.6 0.20 4.2 0.90 2.4 0.70 3.6 0.85 D D 28.3 2.25
Other physical sciences 30,000 4,000 100.0 6.7 2.00 3.3 1.55 10.0 2.10 D D 10.0 4.40 16.7 6.90 * * 3.3 0.75 6.7 2.55 D D 46.7 6.90
Social/ related sciences 4,372,000 62,500 100.0 0.5 0.10 3.8 0.30 0.2 0.05 8.0 0.25 0.4 0.10 4.5 0.30 1.1 0.20 1.1 0.15 0.8 0.15 0.1 0.05 79.6 0.55
Economics 729,000 32,000 100.0 0.4 0.15 4.3 0.50 * * 5.3 0.40 0.8 0.25 1.2 0.40 1.1 0.30 0.3 0.10 1.4 0.40 D D 85.2 1.05
Political/ related sciences 732,000 23,000 100.0 D D 5.6 1.40 0.3 0.10 5.9 0.70 0.4 0.15 2.7 0.55 S S 1.6 0.30 0.8 0.30 D D 81.6 1.65
Psychology 1,663,000 38,500 100.0 0.6 0.15 2.6 0.40 S S 11.8 0.50 0.2 0.10 7.0 0.55 1.2 0.25 0.7 0.25 0.5 0.15 S S 75.3 0.85
Sociology/ anthropology 740,000 26,000 100.0 0.5 0.15 2.3 0.40 S S 6.4 0.65 0.1 0.10 4.5 0.75 0.8 0.30 1.1 0.30 0.4 0.25 D D 83.8 1.15
Other social sciences 507,000 22,500 100.0 1.0 0.35 6.1 1.20 0.8 0.20 4.9 0.90 0.6 0.20 3.2 0.70 1.0 0.30 3.4 0.55 2.0 0.45 D D 77.3 1.80
Engineers 2,680,000 37,500 100.0 0.4 0.05 13.2 0.50 0.9 0.10 0.1 0.10 42.9 0.65 0.8 0.20 7.6 0.45 0.4 0.10 5.3 0.35 0.3 0.10 28.0 0.75
Aerospace/ related engineering 106,000 12,000 100.0 * * 6.6 1.60 * * D D 33.0 4.20 D D 6.6 1.70 * * S S D D 45.3 5.75
Chemical engineering 178,000 9,500 100.0 1.1 0.25 3.4 0.60 2.8 0.60 D D 46.6 2.40 S S 8.4 1.50 S S 3.4 0.60 D D 32.6 2.85
Civil/ architectural engineering 407,000 15,000 100.0 D D 2.7 0.75 0.7 0.35 D D 51.6 1.90 S S 12.3 1.15 D D 2.5 0.50 1.2 0.40 28.3 1.95
Electrical/ computer engineering 914,000 22,000 100.0 0.1 0.05 28.0 1.10 0.2 0.05 S S 35.9 1.00 0.4 0.20 6.6 0.70 0.2 0.10 7.3 0.70 D D 21.1 1.00
Industrial engineering 159,000 9,500 100.0 D D 11.9 1.50 * * * * 30.2 2.05 S S 5.0 1.30 S S 5.0 1.10 D D 45.3 2.55
Mechanical engineering 544,000 15,000 100.0 * * 6.1 0.70 0.6 0.20 S S 52.6 1.55 S S 7.0 1.05 S S 4.6 0.60 D D 27.8 1.50
Other engineering 372,000 14,000 100.0 2.2 0.30 6.5 0.80 3.0 0.45 0.3 0.10 43.5 1.75 1.3 0.35 7.0 0.90 0.8 0.45 4.6 0.80 D D 30.6 2.15
S&E-related fields 5,275,000 71,000 100.0 1.3 0.15 2.5 0.15 0.2 0.10 0.4 0.10 1.7 0.20 60.5 0.75 4.4 0.30 3.5 0.35 1.5 0.20 2.8 0.30 21.1 0.70
Health 4,147,000 52,000 100.0 1.5 0.15 0.7 0.10 0.1 0.05 0.3 0.05 0.1 0.05 76.6 0.65 4.9 0.35 0.2 0.10 0.4 0.10 D D 15.1 0.60
Science/ mathematics teacher education 355,000 23,500 100.0 0.3 0.15 4.5 0.75 0.3 0.10 0.6 0.25 0.8 0.45 1.7 0.65 D D 48.2 3.60 1.1 0.45 D D 41.7 3.35
Technology/ technical fields 426,000 29,000 100.0 D D 18.3 1.65 D D D D 17.1 1.90 0.7 0.30 2.8 0.75 0.7 0.35 13.6 1.85 D D 46.9 3.20
Other S&E-related fields 347,000 21,000 100.0 S S 1.7 0.55 S S 2.3 0.60 2.9 0.60 D D 4.6 0.90 D D 1.4 0.55 42.4 3.10 40.3 2.65
Non-S&E fields 5,227,000 102,500 100.0 1.1 0.35 13.1 0.75 0.3 0.05 2.5 0.35 3.5 0.40 11.6 0.80 4.1 0.50 10.3 0.80 3.2 0.50 S S 50.0 1.00
Art/ humanities fields 551,000 50,000 100.0 S S 23.0 3.30 S S 1.3 0.35 S S 22.1 3.75 D D 19.4 3.90 S S D D 18.0 2.35
Education, except science/ math teacher education 1,123,000 47,000 100.0 0.2 0.10 2.7 0.40 0.2 0.10 1.7 0.70 0.3 0.10 9.0 1.40 0.6 0.20 30.5 2.25 2.3 0.80 D D 52.6 2.00
Management/ administration 1,740,000 60,500 100.0 0.5 0.15 22.6 1.60 0.3 0.10 1.4 0.60 7.8 0.85 9.8 1.45 8.9 1.25 2.5 0.95 5.0 1.10 0.3 0.20 40.7 1.55
Sales/ marketing 150,000 16,500 100.0 D D 22.0 5.75 D D 2.0 0.75 4.0 1.30 15.3 6.90 S S D D 0.7 0.35 D D 48.7 5.65
Social services/ related 382,000 20,500 100.0 0.3 0.20 7.1 2.40 D D 6.8 1.05 0.8 0.35 10.2 1.80 3.1 1.15 S S 1.3 0.60 D D 67.8 2.95
Other non-S&E fields 1,280,000 45,500 100.0 1.9 0.60 5.7 1.10 0.5 0.15 4.0 1.00 0.9 0.30 11.5 1.90 S S 2.3 0.75 2.2 0.75 D D 69.2 2.20
Bachelor's 12,420,000 134,000 100.0 1.9 0.20 12.7 0.40 1.1 0.05 0.8 0.15 7.9 0.25 19.1 0.45 3.5 0.20 3.3 0.35 4.0 0.25 1.0 0.15 44.7 0.55
S&E fields 8,173,000 83,500 100.0 2.2 0.15 12.7 0.35 1.6 0.10 0.8 0.10 10.3 0.25 5.2 0.25 3.2 0.20 1.7 0.15 3.8 0.20 0.3 0.05 58.1 0.55
Sciences 6,288,000 78,000 100.0 2.8 0.15 12.8 0.40 1.8 0.10 1.0 0.10 1.4 0.15 6.5 0.30 2.0 0.20 2.1 0.20 3.2 0.20 0.3 0.10 66.0 0.60
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences 1,261,000 31,500 100.0 11.7 0.75 2.9 0.35 2.6 0.30 0.2 0.10 1.7 0.35 16.7 1.00 2.2 0.40 3.9 0.75 5.2 0.50 D D 52.9 1.45
Agricultural/ food sciences 237,000 17,000 100.0 9.3 1.30 2.1 0.75 0.8 0.50 D D 1.7 0.80 3.8 1.05 0.4 0.30 0.8 0.35 3.0 0.85 D D 78.1 2.25
Biological sciences 904,000 25,000 100.0 12.5 0.95 2.8 0.40 2.5 0.35 0.2 0.10 1.3 0.35 21.8 1.35 2.5 0.55 5.1 1.00 5.8 0.60 D D 45.4 1.80
Environmental life sciences 120,000 10,000 100.0 10.8 2.15 5.0 1.30 6.7 1.30 0.8 0.25 5.0 1.65 3.3 1.05 2.5 1.10 1.7 0.50 5.0 1.40 D D 59.2 3.65
Computer/ mathematical sciences 1,283,000 31,500 100.0 0.1 0.05 47.9 1.35 0.2 0.10 0.2 0.10 1.7 0.25 1.2 0.30 4.4 0.60 2.8 0.35 7.0 0.70 1.2 0.30 33.4 1.30
Computer/ information sciences 942,000 27,500 100.0 D D 57.0 1.50 D D S S 1.6 0.30 1.3 0.45 5.2 0.75 0.4 0.15 8.1 0.85 0.3 0.20 25.9 1.30
Mathematics/ statistics 342,000 17,000 100.0 * * 22.8 1.80 0.6 0.25 0.6 0.30 2.0 0.45 0.6 0.30 2.0 0.65 9.6 1.10 3.8 0.80 3.8 0.90 53.8 2.20
Physical/ related sciences 398,000 15,500 100.0 3.3 0.45 7.0 0.90 19.1 1.05 S S 7.5 0.85 6.8 1.20 2.5 0.55 2.3 0.45 5.3 0.80 D D 45.7 2.00
Chemistry, except biochemistry 180,000 8,500 100.0 5.0 0.70 5.6 1.40 22.2 1.50 D D 5.6 1.00 10.0 1.90 1.1 0.50 2.8 0.75 5.0 1.10 D D 42.8 2.50
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 114,000 10,500 100.0 1.8 0.50 3.5 1.30 21.1 2.20 S S 8.8 1.60 S S 3.5 1.35 1.8 0.50 5.3 1.85 D D 50.0 4.55
Physics/ astronomy 80,000 6,000 100.0 2.5 0.80 16.3 2.80 12.5 1.95 D D 12.5 2.00 * * 3.8 1.70 2.5 0.95 5.0 1.50 D D 43.8 3.95
Other physical sciences 24,000 4,000 100.0 S S 4.2 1.95 8.3 2.35 D D S S S S D D * * 8.3 3.20 D D 54.2 8.20
Social/ related sciences 3,346,000 62,000 100.0 0.4 0.10 3.8 0.35 0.1 0.05 1.8 0.20 0.4 0.10 4.7 0.35 0.9 0.20 1.1 0.15 0.9 0.15 0.1 0.05 85.9 0.55
Economics 606,000 31,500 100.0 0.3 0.15 4.1 0.60 D D 1.5 0.30 0.8 0.30 0.8 0.30 1.0 0.30 0.3 0.15 1.2 0.40 D D 89.6 1.05
Political/ related sciences 582,000 20,500 100.0 D D 4.8 1.15 S S 1.4 0.25 0.3 0.15 2.9 0.70 D D 1.2 0.30 0.9 0.35 D D 87.1 1.55
Psychology 1,140,000 35,500 100.0 0.5 0.20 3.2 0.60 D D 2.5 0.40 0.2 0.10 8.0 0.75 0.9 0.35 0.8 0.35 0.5 0.20 D D 83.2 1.05
Sociology/ anthropology 652,000 25,000 100.0 0.3 0.10 2.3 0.45 S S 1.5 0.30 0.2 0.10 4.9 0.85 0.9 0.30 1.2 0.35 0.5 0.25 D D 88.0 1.10
Other social sciences 367,000 20,500 100.0 0.8 0.45 6.0 1.50 0.5 0.25 1.4 0.35 0.5 0.25 3.5 0.90 0.5 0.25 2.7 0.55 1.9 0.55 D D 82.0 2.00
Engineers 1,885,000 34,000 100.0 0.2 0.05 12.4 0.65 0.5 0.15 0.2 0.10 40.0 0.85 1.0 0.25 7.6 0.60 0.4 0.10 5.7 0.50 0.2 0.10 31.9 1.00
Aerospace/ related engineering 74,000 11,500 100.0 D D 5.4 1.95 D D D D 25.7 4.80 D D 4.1 1.60 D D S S D D 54.1 7.10
Chemical engineering 133,000 9,500 100.0 0.8 0.25 2.3 0.65 3.0 0.75 D D 44.4 2.95 S S 9.0 1.95 * * 3.0 0.60 D D 35.3 3.65
Civil/ architectural engineering 308,000 14,000 100.0 D D 2.3 0.90 D D D D 49.0 2.30 S S 12.0 1.45 D D 2.6 0.65 1.0 0.40 31.5 2.40
Electrical/ computer engineering 627,000 19,500 100.0 D D 27.8 1.45 D D D D 32.4 1.35 0.5 0.25 6.7 0.90 0.3 0.10 8.3 0.90 D D 23.8 1.40
Industrial engineering 110,000 8,500 100.0 D D 9.1 1.70 D D D D 28.2 2.50 D D 4.5 1.60 S S 6.4 1.50 D D 50.0 3.05
Mechanical engineering 426,000 14,500 100.0 D D 5.4 0.75 S S D D 50.0 1.85 D D 6.8 1.25 S S 4.5 0.65 D D 31.0 1.80
Other engineering 207,000 12,500 100.0 1.0 0.30 6.3 1.20 1.4 0.45 D D 37.7 2.40 1.4 0.60 6.3 1.25 S S 5.3 1.20 D D 39.1 3.20
S&E-related fields 2,740,000 61,500 100.0 0.7 0.20 3.1 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.1 0.10 2.5 0.30 55.4 1.15 3.1 0.30 2.5 0.40 2.5 0.35 3.4 0.55 26.7 1.10
Health 1,981,000 45,000 100.0 0.9 0.25 1.0 0.15 0.1 0.05 D D 0.1 0.05 76.1 1.05 3.2 0.40 0.2 0.10 0.5 0.15 D D 17.9 1.05
Science/ mathematics teacher education 172,000 17,500 100.0 D D 3.5 1.10 D D D D 1.7 0.85 S S D D 35.5 4.70 S S D D 54.1 4.80
Technology/ technical fields 366,000 29,000 100.0 D D 15.3 1.60 D D D D 15.8 2.00 S S 2.5 0.75 0.5 0.30 14.8 2.15 D D 50.3 3.35
Other S&E-related fields 221,000 18,500 100.0 D D 1.8 0.75 D D 1.4 0.60 1.8 0.60 D D 4.5 1.20 D D 0.9 0.55 41.6 4.30 45.7 3.75
Non-S&E fields 1,507,000 82,500 100.0 2.5 1.15 30.0 2.30 0.1 0.05 2.2 0.75 4.9 1.15 28.5 2.75 5.5 1.20 13.7 2.40 7.7 1.30 S S 4.2 0.55
Art/ humanities fields 390,000 49,000 100.0 S S 27.2 4.65 D D 0.8 0.40 S S 27.9 5.30 D D 21.8 5.05 S S D D 2.3 0.70
Education, except science/ math teacher education 211,000 30,500 100.0 D D 5.7 1.65 D D D D 0.9 0.40 26.1 6.30 0.9 0.50 41.2 8.00 11.4 4.00 D D 9.5 2.05
Management/ administration 572,000 47,000 100.0 0.2 0.10 43.4 4.20 D D S S 7.7 2.20 21.0 4.05 9.6 2.40 S S 8.4 2.00 D D 4.4 0.85
Sales/ marketing 63,000 14,000 100.0 D D 42.9 13.20 D D D D 6.3 3.10 S S D D D D D D D D S S
Social services/ related 39,000 8,500 100.0 D D 33.3 8.75 D D S S D D 43.6 10.05 D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E fields 232,000 31,000 100.0 6.5 2.85 19.8 4.70 0.4 0.15 1.7 0.90 S S 45.3 7.80 S S S S 9.1 3.80 D D 3.4 1.05
Master's 6,372,000 64,000 100.0 2.4 0.25 11.1 0.45 1.3 0.10 3.4 0.20 7.4 0.25 12.2 0.35 4.4 0.35 7.5 0.60 2.2 0.25 1.1 0.15 46.9 0.60
S&E fields 2,358,000 32,500 100.0 4.9 0.50 19.2 0.70 2.7 0.15 5.9 0.35 14.6 0.45 2.8 0.25 4.8 0.40 2.3 0.30 3.5 0.25 0.4 0.10 38.8 0.90
Sciences 1,720,000 32,000 100.0 6.6 0.70 20.3 0.90 3.3 0.20 8.0 0.50 2.1 0.25 3.7 0.35 3.5 0.45 3.0 0.45 3.1 0.25 0.4 0.15 46.0 1.15
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences 258,000 14,500 100.0 38.8 3.25 3.9 0.85 2.7 0.40 0.4 0.20 1.2 0.30 10.5 1.40 2.3 0.60 4.3 0.80 6.2 0.95 D D 29.1 2.55
Agricultural/ food sciences 44,000 8,000 100.0 54.5 9.00 2.3 1.60 2.3 0.55 D D D D 4.5 2.20 D D S S 2.3 0.85 D D 29.5 6.80
Biological sciences 179,000 10,500 100.0 36.3 2.35 3.4 0.90 2.2 0.50 0.6 0.30 1.1 0.35 14.0 1.85 2.2 0.70 5.0 1.00 7.8 1.35 D D 27.9 2.65
Environmental life sciences 36,000 6,500 100.0 33.3 10.40 8.3 3.60 8.3 2.00 D D 2.8 1.45 D D S S D D 2.8 1.45 D D 33.3 6.70
Computer/ mathematical sciences 537,000 23,000 100.0 0.4 0.20 54.7 2.40 * * 0.2 0.10 3.4 0.55 S S 6.9 1.25 3.4 1.00 4.3 0.55 0.9 0.40 25.3 2.40
Computer/ information sciences 425,000 22,500 100.0 * * 56.2 2.75 D D S S 2.8 0.55 0.2 0.15 8.0 1.55 S S 4.7 0.65 D D 25.6 2.85
Mathematics/ statistics 113,000 8,500 100.0 S S 48.7 4.00 D D 0.9 0.25 5.3 1.15 S S 1.8 0.80 8.8 1.80 3.5 1.05 4.4 1.60 23.9 3.20
Physical/ related sciences 135,000 8,000 100.0 5.2 1.05 8.9 1.50 34.8 2.55 * * 8.9 1.60 1.5 0.65 4.4 1.00 6.7 1.70 4.4 1.05 D D 24.4 3.45
Chemistry, except biochemistry 52,000 6,000 100.0 9.6 2.35 S S 30.8 4.40 D D 3.8 1.30 3.8 1.70 3.8 1.55 11.5 3.60 5.8 1.80 D D 30.8 7.40
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 49,000 4,000 100.0 2.0 0.55 10.2 2.75 46.9 3.70 D D 6.1 2.35 D D 4.1 1.55 4.1 1.55 S S D D 22.4 4.10
Physics/ astronomy 30,000 3,500 100.0 S S 20.0 4.10 26.7 3.75 D D 16.7 4.45 D D 6.7 2.45 6.7 2.85 6.7 1.90 D D 16.7 4.00
Other physical sciences 3,000 1,500 100.0 D D D D * * D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Social/ related sciences 789,000 23,000 100.0 0.5 0.15 4.1 1.10 0.3 0.10 17.2 1.10 0.4 0.15 4.1 0.55 1.6 0.35 1.6 0.30 1.0 0.25 D D 69.3 1.60
Economics 96,000 12,000 100.0 1.0 0.40 5.2 1.35 D D 12.5 2.20 * * S S D D D D 3.1 1.15 D D 74.0 3.90
Political/ related sciences 127,000 12,000 100.0 D D S S D D 15.7 3.40 S S 1.6 0.70 1.6 0.70 3.1 0.95 S S D D 64.6 5.55
Psychology 388,000 15,000 100.0 0.3 0.15 1.3 0.35 D D 18.8 1.20 0.3 0.10 5.9 0.90 1.5 0.50 0.3 0.15 D D D D 71.1 1.50
Sociology/ anthropology 59,000 8,000 100.0 S S 1.7 1.15 D D 28.8 5.50 D D D D D D * * D D D D 64.4 5.45
Other social sciences 119,000 12,000 100.0 0.8 0.25 6.7 1.85 0.8 0.30 10.9 3.40 0.8 0.45 2.5 1.00 1.7 0.95 5.9 1.60 1.7 0.85 D D 67.2 4.00
Engineers 637,000 13,000 100.0 0.5 0.10 16.3 0.95 1.1 0.20 0.2 0.10 48.2 1.20 0.3 0.15 8.3 0.75 0.6 0.20 4.7 0.55 0.3 0.15 19.5 1.05
Aerospace/ related engineering 26,000 3,500 100.0 D D S S * * D D 46.2 5.85 D D 11.5 4.75 D D S S D D 26.9 6.20
Chemical engineering 26,000 3,000 100.0 * * 7.7 2.40 3.8 1.10 D D 46.2 4.75 D D 7.7 1.90 D D 3.8 1.75 D D 26.9 4.90
Civil/ architectural engineering 87,000 5,000 100.0 D D 3.4 1.50 S S D D 57.5 2.85 D D 13.8 2.15 D D 2.3 0.80 S S 18.4 2.35
Electrical/ computer engineering 240,000 9,500 100.0 D D 30.4 1.75 * * D D 41.7 1.95 D D 6.7 1.10 * * 5.8 0.90 D D 15.0 1.55
Industrial engineering 43,000 4,500 100.0 D D 18.6 3.60 D D D D 34.9 3.75 S S 7.0 2.30 D D 2.3 1.00 D D 34.9 4.35
Mechanical engineering 98,000 5,500 100.0 D D 8.2 1.70 * * D D 60.2 2.75 D D 8.2 1.70 S S 5.1 1.35 D D 16.3 2.00
Other engineering 118,000 6,000 100.0 1.7 0.50 6.8 1.35 3.4 0.90 D D 50.8 2.65 S S 8.5 2.00 D D 4.2 1.05 D D 22.0 2.45
S&E-related fields 1,207,000 27,500 100.0 1.5 0.35 3.1 0.40 S S 1.3 0.20 1.7 0.25 46.2 1.30 4.4 0.50 9.3 1.30 0.8 0.25 4.6 0.55 26.6 1.05
Health 855,000 20,500 100.0 1.5 0.25 0.8 0.20 0.2 0.15 1.2 0.20 0.2 0.10 64.8 1.25 5.3 0.65 0.2 0.10 0.4 0.15 D D 25.5 1.15
Science/ mathematics teacher education 175,000 19,000 100.0 * * 4.6 1.05 * * D D D D 1.1 0.55 D D 62.3 3.95 D D D D 29.1 3.40
Technology/ technical fields 55,000 6,500 100.0 D D 36.4 4.80 D D D D 23.6 4.30 D D 3.6 1.90 D D 5.5 1.90 D D 27.3 4.50
Other S&E-related fields 122,000 10,000 100.0 S S 2.5 0.80 S S 4.1 1.25 4.1 1.15 D D 4.9 1.35 D D D D 44.3 4.40 31.1 3.50
Non-S&E fields 2,807,000 53,500 100.0 0.7 0.15 7.7 0.70 0.5 0.10 2.2 0.35 3.9 0.35 5.6 0.50 4.1 0.65 11.1 1.10 1.8 0.50 0.2 0.10 62.3 1.15
Art/ humanities fields 139,000 14,000 100.0 D D 11.5 2.40 D D 1.4 0.60 S S 9.4 3.70 D D 15.8 4.45 D D D D 54.0 5.60
Education, except science/ math teacher education 851,000 40,000 100.0 0.2 0.10 1.6 0.40 S S 0.8 0.20 0.1 0.10 4.7 0.95 0.6 0.25 29.4 2.55 S S D D 61.9 2.40
Management/ administration 1,145,000 33,500 100.0 0.7 0.20 12.7 1.20 0.5 0.15 0.5 0.10 7.9 0.65 4.5 0.55 8.7 1.45 2.3 0.90 3.4 1.25 0.3 0.20 58.5 1.75
Sales/ marketing 84,000 10,000 100.0 D D 7.1 1.90 D D 2.4 1.20 2.4 1.05 D D D D D D D D D D 82.1 4.05
Social services/ related 303,000 17,500 100.0 S S S S D D 6.3 1.10 1.0 0.45 6.6 1.25 2.3 0.80 D D 0.7 0.35 D D 78.2 2.95
Other non-S&E fields 285,000 21,000 100.0 2.8 0.65 7.4 2.75 1.8 0.55 8.8 2.80 1.8 0.50 10.5 2.45 1.4 0.45 3.2 0.95 2.1 0.75 D D 60.4 3.70
Doctorate 1,105,000 16,000 100.0 17.1 0.40 9.3 0.50 9.5 0.30 15.0 0.40 10.1 0.30 7.9 0.70 4.0 0.40 1.9 0.70 1.2 0.20 S S 23.8 0.65
S&E fields 847,000 8,000 100.0 20.2 0.40 10.3 0.25 12.3 0.35 16.6 0.30 12.9 0.30 4.5 0.35 4.4 0.40 0.6 0.05 1.3 0.20 S S 17.0 0.35
Sciences 690,000 7,500 100.0 24.2 0.45 10.3 0.30 14.1 0.35 20.3 0.40 2.8 0.25 5.2 0.45 4.1 0.50 0.6 0.10 1.0 0.20 * * 17.2 0.40
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences 246,000 5,000 100.0 59.8 1.05 2.4 0.25 2.8 0.25 0.8 0.15 1.2 0.25 11.8 1.05 5.7 0.40 0.8 0.10 1.6 0.45 D D 13.8 0.65
Agricultural/ food sciences 21,000 1,000 100.0 61.9 2.80 * * 4.8 1.15 * * S S 4.8 2.35 9.5 1.30 D D * * D D 14.3 1.60
Biological sciences 217,000 5,000 100.0 60.4 1.10 2.3 0.30 1.8 0.20 0.5 0.15 0.9 0.20 12.9 1.20 5.1 0.45 0.9 0.10 1.8 0.50 D D 13.4 0.70
Environmental life sciences 8,000 1,000 100.0 37.5 3.75 * * 25.0 3.80 * * * * D D * * D D D D D D 12.5 2.70
Computer/ mathematical sciences 69,000 4,000 100.0 * * 73.9 3.70 * * * * 2.9 0.45 * * S S * * 1.4 0.40 * * 11.6 1.05
Computer/ information sciences 30,000 3,500 100.0 * * 70.0 7.85 D D * * 3.3 0.75 * * S S * * * * D D 10.0 1.50
Mathematics/ statistics 39,000 1,500 100.0 * * 76.9 1.45 * * * * 2.6 0.60 * * * * * * * * * * 12.8 1.25
Physical/ related sciences 161,000 3,500 100.0 9.3 0.90 5.0 0.50 55.3 1.10 * * 8.1 0.70 1.2 0.20 4.3 0.40 1.2 0.15 1.9 0.35 D D 14.3 0.75
Chemistry, except biochemistry 80,000 2,500 100.0 12.5 1.40 2.5 0.30 52.5 1.60 D D 7.5 1.20 1.3 0.30 5.0 0.50 1.3 0.25 2.5 0.55 D D 16.3 0.90
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 21,000 1,000 100.0 4.8 0.60 4.8 1.15 76.2 2.30 D D 4.8 0.75 D D 4.8 1.60 * * D D D D 9.5 1.15
Physics/ astronomy 57,000 2,000 100.0 7.0 1.30 8.8 1.15 52.6 2.00 D D 12.3 1.10 * * 3.5 0.45 1.8 0.25 1.8 0.45 D D 12.3 1.60
Other physical sciences 3,000 500 100.0 33.3 4.70 D D 33.3 5.25 D D * * D D * * D D D D D D * *
Social/ related sciences 214,000 3,000 100.0 1.9 0.20 2.3 0.30 0.5 0.10 64.5 0.75 0.5 0.25 2.3 0.25 1.4 0.15 * * * * D D 25.7 0.75
Economics 28,000 1,500 100.0 * * 3.6 0.50 D D 64.3 2.50 D D * * * * D D D D D D 28.6 2.25
Political/ related sciences 23,000 1,000 100.0 D D * * D D 60.9 2.00 D D * * D D D D D D D D 30.4 2.05
Psychology 112,000 2,000 100.0 2.7 0.30 1.8 0.45 D D 70.5 0.90 * * 2.7 0.35 2.7 0.25 D D D D D D 19.6 0.80
Sociology/ anthropology 30,000 1,500 100.0 3.3 0.50 3.3 0.45 * * 63.3 2.00 D D 3.3 0.45 * * D D D D D D 26.7 1.85
Other social sciences 21,000 1,500 100.0 4.8 0.65 4.8 1.20 4.8 0.70 33.3 2.35 * * 4.8 1.65 * * * * D D D D 52.4 3.05
Engineers 157,000 3,500 100.0 3.2 0.40 10.2 0.65 4.5 0.60 * * 57.3 1.10 0.6 0.25 5.1 0.55 * * 2.5 0.55 S S 15.3 0.95
Aerospace/ related engineering 6,000 1,000 100.0 D D 16.7 3.80 * * D D 66.7 4.40 D D * * D D D D D D 16.7 2.40
Chemical engineering 19,000 1,500 100.0 5.3 1.10 5.3 0.95 5.3 1.00 D D 57.9 2.85 * * 5.3 1.05 D D 5.3 1.75 D D 15.8 2.60
Civil/ architectural engineering 13,000 1,000 100.0 D D 7.7 1.10 * * D D 69.2 2.80 D D 7.7 1.75 D D D D D D 7.7 1.40
Electrical/ computer engineering 47,000 2,000 100.0 * * 19.1 1.45 2.1 0.35 D D 53.2 2.00 * * 4.3 0.80 D D 4.3 1.30 D D 14.9 1.95
Industrial engineering 6,000 1,500 100.0 D D 16.7 4.45 D D * * 33.3 7.65 D D * * D D D D D D 16.7 6.50
Mechanical engineering 20,000 1,000 100.0 * * 5.0 1.50 * * D D 70.0 2.40 D D 5.0 0.80 D D D D D D 15.0 2.10
Other engineering 47,000 2,500 100.0 6.4 1.15 4.3 0.85 8.5 1.85 * * 51.1 2.35 2.1 0.65 6.4 1.25 * * 2.1 0.90 D D 14.9 1.60
S&E-related fields 94,000 8,000 100.0 17.0 2.75 4.3 1.00 1.1 0.30 3.2 0.70 3.2 1.00 42.6 4.65 5.3 1.70 1.1 0.40 S S D D 21.3 2.90
Health 77,000 7,500 100.0 20.8 3.40 1.3 0.25 1.3 0.35 2.6 0.40 * * 51.9 5.15 5.2 2.00 * * * * D D 16.9 2.95
Science/ mathematics teacher education 8,000 2,000 100.0 D D 25.0 5.80 D D D D D D D D D D 12.5 3.85 D D D D 62.5 8.85
Technology/ technical fields 5,000 1,500 100.0 D D 40.0 11.70 D D D D 40.0 12.25 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other S&E-related fields 3,000 1,000 100.0 D D D D D D 33.3 9.80 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E fields 164,000 11,000 100.0 1.2 0.30 7.3 2.85 D D 13.4 1.80 D D 5.5 1.50 S S 9.1 4.40 D D D D 61.0 4.25
Art/ humanities fields 22,000 5,000 100.0 D D D D D D 9.1 3.60 D D D D D D D D D D D D 68.2 12.85
Education, except science/ math teacher education 62,000 5,000 100.0 D D 6.5 2.70 D D 6.5 1.50 D D 8.1 1.95 D D 6.5 2.05 D D D D 69.4 3.50
Management/ administration 23,000 4,500 100.0 D D D D D D 8.7 3.30 D D D D D D D D D D D D 65.2 11.35
Sales/ marketing 3,000 1,000 100.0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 100.0 8.75
Social services/ related 33,000 8,000 100.0 D D S S D D 18.2 6.05 D D D D D D D D D D D D 42.4 9.80
Other non-S&E fields 21,000 4,000 100.0 4.8 2.25 S S D D 38.1 9.30 D D D D D D D D D D D D 42.9 9.90

Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 1,000. Standard errors for numbers are rounded up to the nearest 500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2010.
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of 22 September 2014.