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nsf.gov - Table 9 - NCSES Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2010 - US National Science Foundation (NSF) SAS Output
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Table 9. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship status, and employment sector: 2010
 

Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status                Sector of employment
Employed scientists and engineers Business/ industry 4-year college/ university Other educational institution Government
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All degree levels and occupationsa 21,903,000 154,500 15,291,000 120,500 1,736,000 37,000 2,428,000 70,500 2,448,000 51,000
U.S. citizen 20,278,000 148,000 14,019,000 116,500 1,503,000 34,500 2,364,000 69,000 2,392,000 51,500
Native-born 17,885,000 141,000 12,214,000 109,500 1,315,000 32,000 2,220,000 65,000 2,135,000 48,500
Naturalized 2,393,000 49,000 1,804,000 41,000 188,000 12,500 144,000 17,500 257,000 14,000
Non U.S. citizen 1,625,000 46,000 1,272,000 45,500 233,000 12,500 64,000 12,500 56,000 7,500
Permanent resident 1,019,000 40,500 839,000 39,000 94,000 4,500 47,000 8,500 39,000 5,500
Temporary resident 606,000 27,000 433,000 25,500 138,000 11,000 S S 17,000 4,500
S&E occupations 5,398,000 64,000 3,792,000 56,500 771,000 16,500 176,000 11,000 658,000 23,500
U.S. citizen 4,693,000 60,500 3,287,000 54,000 601,000 14,000 172,000 11,000 634,000 23,500
Native-born 3,988,000 55,000 2,757,000 50,500 527,000 14,000 151,000 8,000 552,000 23,000
Naturalized 706,000 19,500 530,000 16,500 73,000 3,500 21,000 8,000 82,000 8,000
Non U.S. citizen 705,000 20,500 505,000 19,500 171,000 9,500 4,000 1,000 24,000 3,500
Permanent resident 346,000 14,500 262,000 14,000 65,000 3,500 3,000 1,000 15,000 2,500
Temporary resident 359,000 16,500 243,000 15,500 105,000 8,500 2,000 1,000 9,000 2,500
Science occupations 3,829,000 57,500 2,527,000 50,500 681,000 14,000 170,000 11,500 451,000 22,500
U.S. citizen 3,292,000 53,500 2,147,000 47,000 547,000 13,500 166,000 11,000 432,000 22,000
Native-born 2,804,000 49,000 1,788,000 44,500 483,000 13,000 146,000 8,500 387,000 22,000
Naturalized 488,000 17,500 359,000 14,500 64,000 3,500 20,000 8,000 45,000 5,500
Non U.S. citizen 537,000 19,500 379,000 19,000 135,000 6,000 4,000 1,000 18,000 3,500
Permanent resident 259,000 14,000 189,000 13,000 57,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 11,000 2,000
Temporary resident 278,000 15,500 190,000 15,000 78,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 8,000 2,500
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 597,000 24,500 233,000 18,500 217,000 8,000 14,000 2,500 132,000 16,000
U.S. citizen 498,000 23,000 200,000 17,000 159,000 6,500 13,000 2,500 125,000 16,000
Native-born 426,000 22,000 169,000 16,000 133,000 6,000 12,000 2,000 112,000 15,500
Naturalized 72,000 6,500 31,000 4,500 26,000 2,500 S S 12,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 99,000 6,000 33,000 3,500 58,000 4,500 1,000 500 8,000 2,000
Permanent resident 52,000 4,000 23,000 3,000 26,000 2,500 * * 3,000 1,000
Temporary resident 47,000 4,500 11,000 2,000 31,000 3,500 D D 5,000 2,000
Agricultural/ food scientists 62,000 7,500 40,000 6,500 10,000 1,500 D D 12,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 54,000 7,000 35,000 6,500 7,000 1,000 D D 12,000 2,000
Native-born 49,000 7,000 33,000 6,000 6,000 1,000 D D 10,000 2,000
Naturalized 5,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 2,500 5,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 5,000 2,500 S S 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 426,000 22,000 186,000 16,500 140,000 7,000 1,000 1,000 98,000 14,000
U.S. citizen 346,000 21,500 160,000 16,500 94,000 5,500 1,000 1,000 91,000 14,000
Native-born 288,000 20,500 131,000 15,500 75,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 80,000 13,500
Naturalized 58,000 6,000 29,000 4,500 19,000 2,500 D D 11,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 81,000 5,000 27,000 2,500 47,000 4,000 D D 7,000 2,000
Permanent resident 40,000 3,000 18,000 2,000 20,000 2,500 D D 3,000 1,000
Temporary resident 40,000 4,000 9,000 1,500 27,000 3,500 D D 5,000 2,000
Environmental life scientists 31,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 2,000 500 D D 22,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 29,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D 22,000 6,000
Native-born 29,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D 22,000 6,000
Naturalized * * D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 77,000 4,000 D D 65,000 3,500 13,000 2,000 D D
U.S. citizen 69,000 4,000 D D 57,000 3,500 12,000 2,000 D D
Native-born 61,000 3,500 D D 50,000 3,000 10,000 1,500 D D
Naturalized 9,000 2,000 D D 7,000 1,000 S S D D
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 1,500 D D 8,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 2,394,000 52,500 1,955,000 49,000 178,000 10,500 80,000 9,000 181,000 13,000
U.S. citizen 2,043,000 50,500 1,639,000 48,000 149,000 9,500 78,000 9,000 176,000 12,500
Native-born 1,690,000 48,000 1,341,000 46,000 131,000 9,500 64,000 5,500 154,000 12,500
Naturalized 352,000 15,500 299,000 13,000 18,000 2,000 S S 22,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 351,000 18,500 315,000 18,000 29,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 4,000 2,000
Permanent resident 168,000 13,000 153,000 12,500 11,000 2,000 1,000 500 3,000 1,500
Temporary resident 183,000 14,000 163,000 13,500 18,000 3,500 S S 1,000 500
Computer and information scientists 2,179,000 46,500 1,874,000 45,000 103,000 9,000 39,000 4,500 163,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 1,858,000 45,500 1,569,000 44,000 92,000 8,500 37,000 4,500 160,000 12,500
Native-born 1,540,000 44,500 1,283,000 42,500 83,000 8,500 34,000 4,500 140,000 12,500
Naturalized 318,000 12,000 286,000 11,500 9,000 2,000 3,000 1,500 20,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 321,000 18,000 305,000 18,000 11,000 2,000 S S 4,000 2,000
Permanent resident 153,000 12,500 146,000 12,500 3,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,500
Temporary resident 168,000 13,500 159,000 13,500 7,000 2,000 D D S S
Mathematical scientists 121,000 15,500 81,000 13,500 15,000 2,000 S S 17,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 105,000 15,500 71,000 13,500 9,000 1,500 S S 17,000 2,000
Native-born 81,000 12,500 58,000 12,500 8,000 1,500 S S 15,000 2,000
Naturalized 24,000 10,000 12,000 6,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 16,000 2,000 10,000 1,500 5,000 1,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 9,000 1,500 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 7,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 94,000 6,500 D D 61,000 5,500 33,000 3,500 D D
U.S. citizen 80,000 6,000 D D 48,000 5,000 32,000 3,500 D D
Native-born 69,000 5,500 D D 40,000 4,500 29,000 3,500 D D
Naturalized 11,000 1,000 D D 8,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 2,000 D D 13,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 7,000 2,000 D D 7,000 2,000 * * D D
Physical/ related scientists 320,000 9,000 146,000 5,500 101,000 5,500 9,000 1,500 65,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 275,000 8,500 133,000 5,500 73,000 5,000 8,000 1,500 60,000 4,000
Native-born 242,000 8,500 114,000 5,000 65,000 5,000 8,000 1,000 55,000 4,000
Naturalized 32,000 2,000 18,000 1,500 8,000 1,000 1,000 500 5,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 46,000 4,000 13,000 1,500 28,000 3,500 1,000 500 4,000 1,500
Permanent resident 23,000 2,500 9,000 1,500 11,000 1,500 S S 3,000 1,500
Temporary resident 22,000 3,500 4,000 1,000 16,000 3,000 * * 1,000 1,000
Chemists, except biochemists 103,000 4,500 74,000 4,000 14,000 2,500 S S 14,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 89,000 4,000 66,000 3,500 9,000 1,500 S S 14,000 2,000
Native-born 73,000 4,000 52,000 3,000 8,000 1,500 D D 12,000 2,000
Naturalized 16,000 1,500 14,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 2,500 8,000 1,500 5,000 2,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 7,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 7,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 D D * *
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 69,000 3,500 35,000 2,500 11,000 2,000 D D 23,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 63,000 3,500 33,000 2,000 9,000 1,500 D D 22,000 2,500
Native-born 60,000 3,500 31,000 2,000 8,000 1,500 D D 21,000 2,500
Naturalized 3,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 1,500 2,000 500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D S S
Temporary resident 3,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D * *
Physicists and astronomers 34,000 2,500 12,000 1,500 14,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 25,000 2,000 10,000 1,500 9,000 1,500 D D 6,000 1,500
Native-born 21,000 2,000 8,000 1,500 8,000 1,500 D D 5,000 1,500
Naturalized 4,000 500 2,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 9,000 1,500 2,000 500 6,000 1,000 D D 1,000 1,000
Permanent resident 4,000 1,000 2,000 500 2,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 * * 4,000 1,000 D D S S
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 67,000 4,500 D D 59,000 4,500 8,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 53,000 4,500 D D 45,000 4,500 8,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 47,000 4,500 D D 40,000 4,500 7,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 2,500 D D 14,000 2,500 1,000 500 D D
Permanent resident 8,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500 S S D D
Temporary resident 7,000 2,000 D D 6,000 2,000 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 46,000 4,000 24,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 D D 20,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 44,000 4,000 23,000 3,500 2,000 500 D D 19,000 2,500
Native-born 41,000 4,000 22,000 3,500 1,000 500 D D 17,000 2,500
Naturalized 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 * * D D 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D S S
Permanent resident 1,000 1,000 * * D D D D S S
Temporary resident 1,000 500 * * 1,000 500 D D D D
Social science, psychology 518,000 20,500 193,000 18,500 185,000 7,000 67,000 6,000 73,000 9,000
U.S. citizen 477,000 21,000 175,000 17,500 165,000 6,500 66,000 6,000 71,000 9,000
Native-born 446,000 21,000 164,000 17,500 153,000 6,500 63,000 6,000 66,000 9,000
Naturalized 31,000 2,500 11,000 2,000 11,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 5,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 41,000 6,500 18,000 7,000 21,000 2,500 1,000 500 S S
Permanent resident 16,000 2,000 5,000 1,500 9,000 1,500 * * S S
Temporary resident 26,000 6,500 S S 12,000 2,000 D D * *
Economists 30,000 2,500 13,000 1,500 8,000 2,000 D D 9,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 23,000 2,500 9,000 1,500 5,000 2,000 D D 9,000 1,000
Native-born 21,000 2,500 7,000 1,500 5,000 2,000 D D 8,000 1,000
Naturalized 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 7,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 2,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D * *
Political scientists 23,000 10,000 S S 3,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 22,000 10,000 S S 2,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,500
Native-born 22,000 10,000 S S 2,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,500
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 150,000 7,000 D D 123,000 5,500 27,000 5,000 D D
U.S. citizen 136,000 7,000 D D 109,000 5,000 26,000 5,000 D D
Native-born 126,000 7,000 D D 100,000 5,000 26,000 5,000 D D
Naturalized 10,000 1,500 D D 9,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 2,500 D D 14,000 2,500 * * D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 8,000 2,000 D D 8,000 2,000 D D D D
Psychologists 171,000 6,500 89,000 5,000 24,000 2,500 38,000 3,000 19,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 167,000 6,500 87,000 5,000 23,000 2,000 38,000 3,000 19,000 2,000
Native-born 154,000 6,500 81,000 5,500 21,000 2,000 36,000 3,000 16,000 2,000
Naturalized 13,000 2,500 6,000 2,000 2,000 500 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
Permanent resident 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 S S 1,000 500 D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 18,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 8,000 2,000 D D 5,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 18,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 8,000 2,000 D D 5,000 1,000
Native-born 17,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 7,000 2,000 D D 5,000 1,000
Naturalized * * D D * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 * * 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident * * * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D * * D D D D
Other social and related scientists 126,000 17,000 69,000 16,000 20,000 3,000 S S 36,000 9,000
U.S. citizen 112,000 17,000 58,000 14,500 18,000 2,500 S S 34,000 8,500
Native-born 106,000 17,000 55,000 14,500 17,000 2,500 S S 33,000 8,500
Naturalized 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 15,000 7,000 S S 2,000 1,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 6,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 S S D D S S
Temporary resident S S S S 1,000 500 D D D D
Engineering occupations 1,569,000 29,000 1,266,000 25,500 90,000 8,500 6,000 2,000 207,000 10,500
U.S. citizen 1,401,000 27,500 1,140,000 24,500 54,000 3,500 6,000 2,000 201,000 11,000
Native-born 1,183,000 25,500 969,000 23,000 45,000 3,500 5,000 1,500 165,000 9,500
Naturalized 218,000 10,000 171,000 9,000 9,000 1,000 S S 37,000 5,500
Non U.S. citizen 168,000 10,000 126,000 7,000 36,000 7,500 D D 6,000 1,500
Permanent resident 86,000 6,000 73,000 5,500 8,000 1,500 D D 5,000 1,500
Temporary resident 81,000 8,000 52,000 4,000 28,000 7,000 D D 1,000 500
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 91,000 5,500 73,000 4,500 3,000 1,000 D D 15,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 86,000 5,500 69,000 4,500 2,000 1,000 D D 15,000 2,500
Native-born 75,000 5,500 58,000 4,500 2,000 1,000 D D 14,000 2,500
Naturalized 11,000 1,500 10,000 1,500 * * D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 S S 1,000 500 D D D D
Chemical engineers 69,000 4,000 63,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 61,000 4,000 56,000 4,000 2,000 500 D D 3,000 1,000
Native-born 50,000 3,500 46,000 3,500 2,000 500 D D 2,000 1,000
Naturalized 11,000 1,500 10,000 1,500 * * D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 1,500 7,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 228,000 8,500 151,000 6,500 2,000 1,000 D D 74,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 208,000 8,000 136,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 D D 70,000 5,000
Native-born 174,000 7,500 119,000 5,500 1,000 1,000 D D 53,000 4,500
Naturalized 35,000 3,500 18,000 3,000 * * D D 17,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 19,000 3,000 14,000 3,000 1,000 500 D D 4,000 1,000
Permanent resident 14,000 3,000 10,000 3,000 * * D D 4,000 1,000
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 385,000 17,500 331,000 16,500 14,000 3,500 S S 38,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 330,000 16,500 286,000 16,000 5,000 1,000 S S 38,000 6,500
Native-born 251,000 14,000 220,000 13,500 4,000 1,000 D D 26,000 3,000
Naturalized 79,000 9,500 66,000 8,000 1,000 500 D D 12,000 5,500
Non U.S. citizen 55,000 5,500 45,000 4,500 9,000 3,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 30,000 4,000 28,000 4,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 25,000 4,000 17,000 2,500 8,000 3,000 D D * *
Industrial engineers 74,000 9,500 70,000 9,500 1,000 500 D D 3,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 66,000 9,500 63,000 9,500 * * D D 3,000 1,000
Native-born 57,000 9,500 54,000 9,500 * * D D 3,000 1,000
Naturalized 9,000 2,000 9,000 2,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 2,000 7,000 2,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 4,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 * * D D D D
Mechanical engineers 299,000 11,000 258,000 9,500 11,000 2,000 D D 30,000 5,500
U.S. citizen 276,000 10,500 238,000 9,500 8,000 2,000 D D 30,000 5,500
Native-born 247,000 10,500 212,000 9,000 7,000 2,000 D D 27,000 5,500
Naturalized 29,000 2,500 26,000 2,500 * * D D 3,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 23,000 2,500 19,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 10,000 1,500 10,000 1,500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 13,000 2,000 9,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering 43,000 6,500 D D 39,000 6,500 4,000 1,500 D D
U.S. citizen 28,000 2,000 D D 24,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 D D
Native-born 22,000 2,000 D D 18,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 D D
Naturalized 6,000 500 D D 6,000 500 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 15,000 6,000 D D 15,000 6,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 5,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,000 D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D S S D D D D
Other engineers 380,000 14,500 320,000 14,000 16,000 3,000 D D 43,000 4,000
U.S. citizen 346,000 14,000 292,000 13,500 11,000 2,500 D D 43,000 4,000
Native-born 309,000 13,500 260,000 13,000 9,000 2,500 D D 40,000 4,000
Naturalized 37,000 3,000 32,000 3,000 2,000 500 D D 3,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 34,000 3,000 28,000 3,000 5,000 1,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 17,000 2,500 14,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 D D * *
Temporary resident 17,000 2,500 14,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 D D * *
S&E-related occupations 6,957,000 88,500 4,749,000 66,000 512,000 25,000 1,091,000 48,500 605,000 31,000
U.S. citizen 6,559,000 88,500 4,430,000 69,500 475,000 25,000 1,063,000 47,500 590,000 31,000
Native-born 5,737,000 82,000 3,827,000 66,500 396,000 22,500 1,011,000 45,000 502,000 28,000
Naturalized 822,000 34,500 602,000 28,500 79,000 10,000 52,000 14,000 88,000 11,000
Non U.S. citizen 398,000 26,500 319,000 25,500 36,000 7,500 28,000 10,000 15,000 5,000
Permanent resident 280,000 24,000 239,000 23,500 16,000 2,500 16,000 3,500 8,000 3,500
Temporary resident 118,000 15,500 79,000 12,000 21,000 7,000 S S S S
Health and related 4,325,000 60,000 3,370,000 53,000 433,000 23,000 153,000 11,000 369,000 26,000
U.S. citizen 4,080,000 57,500 3,170,000 52,500 408,000 23,000 146,000 10,500 356,000 25,500
Native-born 3,527,000 52,000 2,750,000 49,500 339,000 20,500 141,000 10,500 297,000 21,500
Naturalized 553,000 29,000 420,000 24,000 69,000 10,000 5,000 1,500 59,000 10,500
Non U.S. citizen 245,000 24,000 201,000 22,500 24,000 7,500 7,000 3,000 14,000 5,000
Permanent resident 184,000 21,500 159,000 21,000 12,000 2,500 7,000 3,000 7,000 3,500
Temporary resident 61,000 13,000 42,000 10,500 S S D D S S
S&E manager 861,000 36,500 675,000 33,500 32,000 5,500 S S 140,000 13,000
U.S. citizen 813,000 35,500 628,000 32,500 31,000 5,500 S S 139,000 13,000
Native-born 716,000 34,500 548,000 32,000 27,000 5,000 S S 128,000 13,000
Naturalized 96,000 10,500 80,000 10,000 4,000 1,500 * * 12,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 48,000 6,000 47,000 6,000 1,000 500 D D S S
Permanent resident 33,000 5,000 32,000 5,000 1,000 500 D D S S
Temporary resident 15,000 4,000 15,000 4,000 D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 917,000 47,000 2,000 1,000 S S 914,000 47,000 S S
U.S. citizen 898,000 47,000 S S S S 895,000 47,000 D D
Native-born 852,000 44,500 S S S S 849,000 44,500 D D
Naturalized 46,000 13,500 D D D D 46,000 13,500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 19,000 9,000 D D D D 19,000 9,000 D D
Permanent resident 8,000 2,000 D D D D 8,000 2,000 D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D S S D D
S&E technician/ technologist 654,000 31,500 520,000 26,500 43,000 4,500 7,000 3,000 85,000 12,000
U.S. citizen 582,000 29,000 461,000 25,500 33,000 4,000 5,000 2,500 84,000 12,000
Native-born 472,000 27,000 374,000 23,000 27,000 4,000 S S 67,000 12,000
Naturalized 110,000 10,500 87,000 10,500 6,000 1,500 D D 17,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 72,000 9,000 59,000 8,500 11,000 2,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 43,000 7,500 37,000 7,500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 29,000 4,000 21,000 4,000 8,000 1,500 D D D D
Other S&E-related 199,000 19,000 182,000 19,000 3,000 1,500 S S 11,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 186,000 18,000 169,000 18,500 2,000 1,500 S S 11,000 3,000
Native-born 170,000 17,500 154,000 18,000 2,000 1,500 D D 10,000 3,000
Naturalized 16,000 3,500 15,000 3,000 D D D D 1,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 13,000 4,500 13,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 12,000 4,500 12,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 9,549,000 97,500 6,750,000 85,000 453,000 17,500 1,161,000 40,500 1,185,000 29,500
U.S. citizen 9,026,000 91,500 6,302,000 77,000 427,000 16,500 1,130,000 40,000 1,168,000 30,000
Native-born 8,161,000 88,500 5,630,000 72,500 392,000 16,000 1,058,000 39,000 1,081,000 30,500
Naturalized 866,000 26,000 672,000 22,500 36,000 6,000 71,000 8,000 87,000 5,500
Non U.S. citizen 522,000 31,000 448,000 31,500 26,000 3,000 32,000 8,000 17,000 3,500
Permanent resident 394,000 26,500 337,000 25,500 13,000 2,000 29,000 7,500 15,000 3,500
Temporary resident 129,000 16,000 111,000 15,500 12,000 2,500 3,000 1,500 S S
Arts/ humanities/ related 296,000 20,000 264,000 19,000 11,000 3,000 5,000 2,000 16,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 274,000 17,000 243,000 16,000 11,000 3,000 5,000 2,000 15,000 3,500
Native-born 246,000 17,000 217,000 16,000 11,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 15,000 3,500
Naturalized 29,000 7,500 26,000 7,500 D D D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 11,000 21,000 11,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S * * D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 2,500 5,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Management-related 1,665,000 39,500 1,325,000 33,500 66,000 7,000 41,000 11,000 232,000 14,000
U.S. citizen 1,541,000 38,500 1,205,000 31,000 64,000 7,000 41,000 11,000 231,000 13,500
Native-born 1,361,000 38,000 1,049,000 29,500 60,000 7,000 38,000 11,000 214,000 13,500
Naturalized 180,000 9,500 156,000 9,500 4,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 17,000 2,500
Non U.S. citizen 124,000 18,500 120,000 18,500 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500
Permanent resident 87,000 15,000 84,000 15,000 * * D D 1,000 500
Temporary resident 37,000 9,500 35,000 9,500 1,000 1,000 D D D D
Non-S&E manager 1,655,000 43,500 1,273,000 35,500 77,000 7,000 107,000 12,500 198,000 14,500
U.S. citizen 1,557,000 40,500 1,178,000 33,500 75,000 7,000 106,000 12,500 197,000 14,500
Native-born 1,390,000 39,000 1,039,000 32,500 63,000 6,500 102,000 12,500 186,000 14,500
Naturalized 167,000 11,500 139,000 9,000 13,000 5,000 4,000 1,500 11,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 98,000 15,500 95,000 15,500 2,000 1,000 S S S S
Permanent resident 71,000 8,500 68,000 8,500 1,000 1,000 S S S S
Temporary resident 27,000 9,500 27,000 9,500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 159,000 7,000 S S 124,000 6,500 34,000 4,000 D D
U.S. citizen 145,000 7,000 S S 111,000 6,000 33,000 4,000 D D
Native-born 131,000 7,000 S S 100,000 6,000 30,000 4,000 D D
Naturalized 14,000 1,500 D D 11,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 15,000 2,000 D D 14,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D
Permanent resident 9,000 1,500 D D 8,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D
Temporary resident 6,000 1,500 D D 6,000 1,500 D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 763,000 34,500 10,000 2,500 D D 753,000 34,000 * *
U.S. citizen 738,000 34,000 10,000 2,500 D D 727,000 33,500 * *
Native-born 697,000 33,500 9,000 2,500 D D 687,000 33,000 * *
Naturalized 41,000 6,000 1,000 500 D D 40,000 6,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 25,000 7,500 D D D D 25,000 7,500 D D
Permanent resident 23,000 7,500 D D D D 22,000 7,500 D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,500 D D D D S S D D
Sales/ marketing 1,351,000 42,000 1,329,000 42,000 6,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 11,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 1,272,000 40,500 1,251,000 40,500 6,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 11,000 2,500
Native-born 1,161,000 40,500 1,143,000 40,000 6,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 8,000 2,500
Naturalized 111,000 7,000 108,000 7,000 D D D D 3,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 79,000 9,500 79,000 9,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 60,000 7,500 60,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 19,000 6,000 19,000 6,000 D D D D D D
Social service/ related 747,000 25,500 436,000 20,000 46,000 6,500 121,000 8,500 145,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 729,000 24,500 425,000 19,500 44,000 6,500 121,000 8,500 140,000 9,500
Native-born 682,000 24,000 393,000 19,000 42,000 6,500 115,000 8,500 131,000 9,000
Naturalized 48,000 5,500 32,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 5,000 2,000 9,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 18,000 3,500 11,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 17,000 3,500 10,000 3,000 S S D D S S
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 2,912,000 55,500 2,111,000 50,000 122,000 11,000 96,000 10,000 583,000 23,000
U.S. citizen 2,771,000 53,000 1,989,000 48,500 116,000 11,000 93,000 9,500 573,000 23,500
Native-born 2,494,000 51,500 1,779,000 46,500 111,000 11,000 78,000 9,000 527,000 23,000
Naturalized 277,000 14,000 210,000 12,500 5,000 1,500 15,000 5,000 46,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 141,000 15,000 122,000 15,000 6,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 10,000 2,500
Permanent resident 111,000 14,000 97,000 14,000 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 8,000 2,000
Temporary resident 30,000 6,500 24,000 6,500 4,000 1,500 D D D D
Bachelor's 12,420,000 134,000 9,359,000 105,500 633,000 24,500 995,000 56,000 1,434,000 46,500
U.S. citizen 11,657,000 128,500 8,703,000 102,500 581,000 24,000 962,000 53,500 1,411,000 47,500
Native-born 10,417,000 123,500 7,743,000 95,500 515,000 22,500 890,000 52,500 1,268,000 44,000
Naturalized 1,240,000 41,000 960,000 33,000 66,000 11,000 72,000 15,500 142,000 13,500
Non U.S. citizen 763,000 36,000 655,000 33,500 52,000 9,000 33,000 10,000 23,000 5,000
Permanent resident 482,000 30,000 430,000 28,500 14,000 3,500 21,000 3,500 17,000 3,500
Temporary resident 281,000 24,000 225,000 21,000 38,000 8,500 S S S S
S&E occupations 3,033,000 56,000 2,363,000 48,000 234,000 13,000 58,000 8,500 377,000 20,500
U.S. citizen 2,782,000 54,000 2,154,000 47,500 198,000 11,000 58,000 8,500 372,000 20,500
Native-born 2,462,000 51,000 1,897,000 46,500 184,000 11,000 47,000 4,500 334,000 20,000
Naturalized 320,000 14,500 257,000 11,500 14,000 2,500 S S 39,000 6,500
Non U.S. citizen 251,000 14,500 209,000 14,000 35,000 7,500 S S 5,000 1,500
Permanent resident 111,000 7,500 100,000 7,500 7,000 2,000 D D 4,000 1,500
Temporary resident 139,000 14,000 110,000 13,500 29,000 7,000 D D 1,000 500
Science occupations 2,050,000 53,000 1,552,000 44,500 202,000 11,000 55,000 8,500 242,000 19,000
U.S. citizen 1,859,000 51,000 1,389,000 43,500 177,000 10,000 54,000 8,500 239,000 19,000
Native-born 1,643,000 48,500 1,212,000 42,500 165,000 10,000 44,000 4,500 223,000 19,000
Naturalized 216,000 13,500 177,000 11,000 13,000 2,500 S S 16,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 190,000 13,500 163,000 13,500 24,000 4,000 S S S S
Permanent resident 80,000 6,500 72,000 7,000 6,000 2,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 110,000 13,500 91,000 13,500 18,000 3,500 D D D D
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 236,000 20,500 104,000 15,500 68,000 6,500 2,000 1,000 62,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 221,000 20,000 100,000 15,500 56,000 5,500 2,000 1,000 62,000 12,500
Native-born 205,000 20,000 94,000 15,500 50,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 59,000 12,500
Naturalized 16,000 2,500 7,000 1,500 6,000 2,000 D D 3,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 16,000 3,500 3,000 1,000 12,000 3,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 5,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 10,000 3,000 S S 9,000 3,000 D D D D
Agricultural/ food scientists 32,000 4,500 20,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 D D 8,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 30,000 4,500 20,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 D D 8,000 2,000
Native-born 28,000 4,500 19,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 D D 7,000 1,500
Naturalized 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 * * D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 179,000 20,000 81,000 15,000 54,000 6,000 D D 44,000 12,000
U.S. citizen 166,000 20,000 78,000 15,000 43,000 5,000 D D 44,000 12,000
Native-born 153,000 19,500 72,000 15,000 38,000 4,500 D D 42,000 12,000
Naturalized 13,000 2,500 6,000 1,500 5,000 2,000 D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 13,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 10,000 3,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 9,000 3,000 S S 8,000 3,000 D D D D
Environmental life scientists 13,000 3,000 3,000 1,500 D D D D 10,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 13,000 2,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D 10,000 2,500
Native-born 13,000 2,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D 10,000 2,500
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 12,000 2,500 D D 11,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 12,000 2,500 D D 10,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 11,000 2,500 D D 10,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 1,577,000 47,500 1,334,000 43,000 73,000 8,000 47,000 8,500 123,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 1,424,000 46,500 1,186,000 42,000 69,000 7,500 46,000 8,500 122,000 12,500
Native-born 1,235,000 44,000 1,023,000 41,000 64,000 7,500 37,000 4,500 111,000 12,000
Naturalized 188,000 13,500 162,000 11,000 5,000 1,500 S S 11,000 3,000
Non U.S. citizen 154,000 12,500 148,000 12,500 4,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 70,000 6,500 67,000 6,500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 84,000 12,500 81,000 12,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Computer and information scientists 1,512,000 45,000 1,305,000 42,500 62,000 8,000 28,000 4,000 116,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 1,362,000 44,000 1,158,000 41,500 60,000 7,500 28,000 4,000 116,000 12,500
Native-born 1,189,000 43,000 1,003,000 40,500 55,000 7,500 26,000 4,000 105,000 12,000
Naturalized 173,000 9,500 156,000 9,000 5,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 10,000 3,000
Non U.S. citizen 150,000 12,500 146,000 12,500 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 68,000 6,500 66,000 6,500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 82,000 12,000 81,000 12,000 D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 47,000 10,500 29,000 7,000 4,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 45,000 10,500 27,000 7,000 3,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500
Native-born 30,000 4,000 20,000 3,500 3,000 1,500 D D 6,000 1,500
Naturalized S S S S D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 18,000 3,000 D D 7,000 1,500 11,000 2,500 D D
U.S. citizen 17,000 3,000 D D 6,000 1,500 11,000 2,500 D D
Native-born 16,000 2,500 D D 6,000 1,500 10,000 2,500 D D
Naturalized S S D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D S S D D D D
Physical/ related scientists 131,000 5,500 71,000 4,500 28,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 31,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 124,000 6,000 68,000 4,500 24,000 2,500 1,000 1,000 31,000 3,000
Native-born 116,000 5,500 62,000 4,500 23,000 2,500 1,000 1,000 29,000 3,000
Naturalized 9,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 S S 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 1,000 500 4,000 1,000 D D D D
Chemists, except biochemists 51,000 3,500 37,000 3,000 7,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 49,000 3,500 36,000 3,000 6,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500
Native-born 43,000 3,000 31,000 3,000 6,000 1,500 D D 6,000 1,500
Naturalized 6,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 29,000 2,000 15,000 1,500 4,000 1,000 D D 10,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 28,000 2,000 15,000 1,500 4,000 1,000 D D 10,000 1,500
Native-born 28,000 2,000 15,000 1,500 4,000 1,000 D D 10,000 1,500
Naturalized * * * * D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * * * D D D D D D
Permanent resident * * * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D D D D D D D
Physicists and astronomers 9,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 5,000 1,500 D D S S
U.S. citizen 7,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Native-born 7,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 13,000 2,000 D D 12,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D
U.S. citizen 11,000 2,000 D D 10,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D
Native-born 11,000 2,000 D D 10,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D
Naturalized * * D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D * * D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 29,000 3,500 16,000 3,000 1,000 500 D D 12,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 29,000 3,500 16,000 3,000 S S D D 12,000 2,000
Native-born 27,000 3,500 15,000 3,000 S S D D 12,000 2,000
Naturalized 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Social science, psychology 105,000 13,000 44,000 11,000 32,000 4,000 4,000 1,500 25,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 91,000 13,000 35,000 9,000 28,000 3,500 4,000 1,500 24,000 8,000
Native-born 87,000 12,500 33,000 9,000 27,000 3,500 4,000 1,500 23,000 8,000
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 6,000 S S 4,000 2,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,500 S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S 4,000 2,000 D D D D
Economists 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 S S D D 3,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 6,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 S S D D 3,000 1,000
Native-born 6,000 1,500 1,000 500 S S D D 3,000 1,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Political scientists 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 S S D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 4,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 S S D D 1,000 500
Native-born 4,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 D D D D 1,000 500
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 14,000 2,500 D D 12,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 11,000 2,000 D D 9,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 10,000 2,000 D D 9,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D S S D D D D
Psychologists 21,000 4,000 10,000 3,500 8,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 S S
U.S. citizen 20,000 4,000 9,000 3,500 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 S S
Native-born 18,000 4,000 9,000 3,500 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized 1,000 1,000 D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
Native-born 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other social and related scientists 52,000 11,500 27,000 10,500 6,000 2,000 D D 18,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 43,000 11,500 19,000 8,500 6,000 2,000 D D 17,000 8,000
Native-born 41,000 11,500 19,000 8,500 6,000 2,000 D D 16,000 8,000
Naturalized 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,500 D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Engineering occupations 983,000 26,000 811,000 21,500 32,000 7,000 4,000 1,500 136,000 10,000
U.S. citizen 922,000 25,000 765,000 21,000 21,000 3,500 4,000 1,500 133,000 10,000
Native-born 819,000 24,500 685,000 21,500 20,000 3,500 3,000 1,500 111,000 8,500
Naturalized 104,000 7,000 80,000 5,000 1,000 500 D D 22,000 5,500
Non U.S. citizen 60,000 8,000 46,000 4,500 S S D D 3,000 1,000
Permanent resident 31,000 3,500 28,000 3,500 S S D D 2,000 1,000
Temporary resident 29,000 7,000 18,000 3,000 S S D D D D
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 50,000 4,500 41,000 3,500 1,000 1,000 D D 8,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 47,000 4,500 39,000 3,500 1,000 1,000 D D 8,000 2,500
Native-born 43,000 4,500 34,000 3,500 1,000 1,000 D D 7,000 2,500
Naturalized 5,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Chemical engineers 40,000 3,500 38,000 3,500 2,000 500 D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 38,000 3,500 36,000 3,500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Native-born 33,000 3,500 31,000 3,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 5,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 1,000 S S D D D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 163,000 8,000 110,000 6,000 1,000 1,000 D D 51,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 153,000 7,500 103,000 5,500 1,000 1,000 D D 49,000 4,500
Native-born 133,000 7,000 92,000 5,500 1,000 1,000 D D 40,000 4,000
Naturalized 20,000 3,000 11,000 3,000 D D D D 9,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 10,000 2,500 7,000 2,500 D D D D 2,000 1,000
Permanent resident 8,000 2,500 6,000 2,500 D D D D 2,000 1,000
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 220,000 14,000 190,000 13,000 3,000 1,000 D D 26,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 206,000 14,000 177,000 13,000 3,000 1,000 D D 26,000 6,000
Native-born 169,000 13,000 150,000 13,000 2,000 1,000 D D 16,000 2,500
Naturalized 37,000 6,000 27,000 2,500 D D D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 14,000 2,000 13,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 8,000 1,500 8,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 1,500 5,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Industrial engineers 54,000 9,000 53,000 9,000 * * D D 1,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 50,000 9,000 48,000 9,000 * * D D 1,000 1,000
Native-born 45,000 9,000 44,000 9,000 * * D D 1,000 1,000
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Mechanical engineers 208,000 10,000 177,000 8,500 7,000 2,000 D D 23,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 199,000 10,000 171,000 8,500 5,000 1,500 D D 23,000 5,000
Native-born 184,000 10,000 158,000 8,500 5,000 1,500 D D 21,000 5,000
Naturalized 15,000 2,000 13,000 2,000 D D D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 9,000 2,000 7,000 1,500 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 S S D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering S S D D S S S S D D
U.S. citizen 5,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000 S S D D
Native-born 5,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000 S S D D
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D S S D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other engineers 236,000 12,500 202,000 11,500 8,000 2,500 D D 25,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 225,000 12,000 192,000 11,500 7,000 2,500 D D 25,000 3,500
Native-born 206,000 12,000 175,000 11,000 6,000 2,500 D D 24,000 3,500
Naturalized 18,000 2,500 17,000 2,500 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 11,000 2,500 10,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 5,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 6,000 2,000 6,000 2,000 * * D D D D
S&E-related occupations 3,840,000 82,000 2,754,000 63,500 228,000 19,000 496,000 44,500 362,000 27,000
U.S. citizen 3,624,000 80,500 2,574,000 63,500 216,000 19,000 477,000 43,000 356,000 26,500
Native-born 3,197,000 76,500 2,263,000 59,000 177,000 17,000 453,000 42,500 304,000 23,500
Naturalized 427,000 29,500 311,000 23,500 40,000 9,500 24,000 11,500 52,000 11,000
Non U.S. citizen 216,000 23,500 180,000 21,000 12,000 5,500 19,000 9,000 S S
Permanent resident 144,000 18,500 130,000 18,500 5,000 2,500 8,000 2,500 S S
Temporary resident 72,000 15,000 50,000 11,000 S S S S D D
Health and related 2,373,000 53,500 1,896,000 47,500 187,000 17,500 68,000 8,500 222,000 24,000
U.S. citizen 2,241,000 50,500 1,780,000 44,500 178,000 17,500 66,000 8,500 217,000 24,000
Native-born 1,954,000 45,000 1,567,000 41,000 142,000 16,000 63,000 8,500 182,000 20,500
Naturalized 287,000 23,500 213,000 19,000 36,000 9,000 D D 35,000 10,500
Non U.S. citizen 132,000 19,000 116,000 18,000 S S D D S S
Permanent resident 93,000 16,500 86,000 17,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 39,000 12,000 30,000 10,000 S S D D D D
S&E manager 433,000 26,500 347,000 24,000 13,000 4,000 S S 62,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 410,000 26,000 325,000 23,000 13,000 4,000 S S 62,000 6,500
Native-born 368,000 25,000 287,000 22,000 13,000 4,000 S S 58,000 6,500
Naturalized 42,000 9,500 37,000 9,000 D D D D 4,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 23,000 5,000 22,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 13,000 3,500 13,000 3,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 9,000 4,000 9,000 4,000 D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 412,000 42,000 S S D D 410,000 42,000 D D
U.S. citizen 397,000 40,500 S S D D 395,000 40,500 D D
Native-born 377,000 40,000 S S D D 375,000 40,000 D D
Naturalized S S D D D D S S D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D D D S S D D
Permanent resident 5,000 1,500 D D D D 5,000 1,500 D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D S S D D
S&E technician/ technologist 495,000 29,000 393,000 23,500 26,000 4,000 S S 72,000 12,000
U.S. citizen 456,000 26,500 358,000 22,000 23,000 4,000 S S 71,000 12,000
Native-born 389,000 25,500 308,000 21,000 20,000 3,500 S S 59,000 11,500
Naturalized 67,000 6,500 51,000 5,000 3,000 1,000 D D 13,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 40,000 8,000 35,000 8,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 27,000 7,000 24,000 7,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 13,000 3,000 10,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Other S&E-related 127,000 17,500 116,000 17,500 D D D D 6,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 121,000 17,000 110,000 17,000 D D D D 6,000 2,500
Native-born 110,000 16,500 100,000 16,500 D D D D 5,000 2,500
Naturalized 11,000 2,500 10,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 5,548,000 83,500 4,241,000 72,500 171,000 11,000 440,000 24,000 695,000 28,000
U.S. citizen 5,251,000 77,000 3,975,000 64,500 167,000 11,000 427,000 24,000 682,000 28,500
Native-born 4,758,000 77,000 3,583,000 63,000 154,000 11,000 390,000 23,500 630,000 28,000
Naturalized 494,000 22,000 392,000 18,500 13,000 5,000 37,000 7,000 52,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 297,000 24,500 266,000 24,500 4,000 1,000 14,000 2,500 13,000 3,500
Permanent resident 226,000 20,500 201,000 20,000 2,000 1,000 13,000 2,500 11,000 3,000
Temporary resident 70,000 13,000 65,000 13,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Arts/ humanities/ related 193,000 18,500 172,000 17,500 8,000 2,500 S S 11,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 179,000 15,000 158,000 14,500 7,000 2,500 S S 11,000 3,500
Native-born 157,000 13,500 138,000 12,500 7,000 2,500 D D 10,000 3,500
Naturalized 22,000 7,000 21,000 7,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Management-related 997,000 34,500 816,000 30,500 28,000 4,000 16,000 4,000 137,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 931,000 31,000 752,000 26,500 28,000 4,000 15,000 4,000 137,000 12,500
Native-born 840,000 30,000 672,000 25,500 26,000 4,000 13,000 4,000 128,000 12,000
Naturalized 91,000 6,500 80,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 9,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 66,000 13,500 64,000 13,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 43,000 10,000 42,000 10,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 23,000 9,500 22,000 9,500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 871,000 35,000 736,000 31,000 22,000 5,500 9,000 2,500 103,000 11,000
U.S. citizen 820,000 32,000 686,000 28,000 22,000 5,500 8,000 2,500 103,000 11,000
Native-born 756,000 31,000 629,000 27,000 16,000 5,000 8,000 2,500 102,000 11,000
Naturalized 65,000 8,500 57,000 6,500 S S D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 50,000 13,000 50,000 13,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 36,000 7,500 35,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 15,000 6,500 15,000 6,500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 27,000 4,000 D D 18,000 3,000 9,000 2,500 D D
U.S. citizen 26,000 4,000 D D 17,000 3,000 9,000 2,500 D D
Native-born 25,000 4,000 D D 16,000 3,000 9,000 2,500 D D
Naturalized 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 331,000 23,000 9,000 2,500 D D 322,000 22,500 D D
U.S. citizen 322,000 23,000 9,000 2,500 D D 313,000 22,500 D D
Native-born 299,000 22,500 8,000 2,500 D D 291,000 22,000 D D
Naturalized 23,000 5,000 1,000 500 D D 22,000 5,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 10,000 2,500 D D D D 9,000 2,500 D D
Permanent resident 9,000 2,500 D D D D 9,000 2,500 D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sales/ marketing 1,030,000 39,000 1,014,000 38,500 4,000 1,500 S S 9,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 985,000 38,000 970,000 38,000 4,000 1,500 S S 8,000 2,500
Native-born 916,000 38,500 903,000 38,000 3,000 1,500 S S 6,000 2,000
Naturalized 69,000 5,000 67,000 5,000 D D D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 45,000 5,500 44,000 5,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 36,000 5,000 36,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 9,000 2,500 9,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Social service/ related 259,000 16,500 142,000 12,500 16,000 4,500 25,000 5,500 76,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 252,000 16,000 139,000 12,500 15,000 4,500 25,000 5,500 73,000 8,000
Native-born 233,000 15,500 127,000 12,000 15,000 4,500 24,000 5,500 67,000 8,000
Naturalized 19,000 3,000 12,000 2,500 D D D D 5,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 7,000 2,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D S S
Permanent resident 7,000 2,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D S S
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 1,839,000 44,500 1,352,000 40,000 75,000 8,500 53,000 7,500 359,000 21,500
U.S. citizen 1,735,000 44,000 1,261,000 39,500 73,000 8,500 50,000 7,500 351,000 21,500
Native-born 1,532,000 42,500 1,106,000 38,000 70,000 8,500 39,000 5,500 317,000 21,500
Naturalized 203,000 13,000 155,000 12,000 3,000 1,500 11,000 5,000 34,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 104,000 12,000 91,000 11,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 9,000 2,500
Permanent resident 82,000 9,500 71,000 9,500 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 7,000 2,000
Temporary resident 22,000 6,500 20,000 6,500 1,000 1,000 D D D D
Master's 6,372,000 64,000 3,852,000 52,000 480,000 18,500 1,346,000 50,500 694,000 23,000
U.S. citizen 5,811,000 61,000 3,405,000 47,000 409,000 18,000 1,319,000 50,500 677,000 22,500
Native-born 5,086,000 59,500 2,857,000 46,500 376,000 17,500 1,256,000 47,500 598,000 22,000
Naturalized 724,000 19,500 548,000 16,000 34,000 3,500 63,000 9,500 79,000 7,000
Non U.S. citizen 561,000 22,500 447,000 21,500 71,000 5,500 27,000 7,000 17,000 3,500
Permanent resident 327,000 20,500 277,000 18,000 14,000 2,000 23,000 7,000 13,000 3,000
Temporary resident 235,000 12,000 170,000 11,500 56,000 5,000 4,000 1,500 4,000 2,000
S&E occupations 1,632,000 32,000 1,126,000 28,000 200,000 10,000 95,000 7,000 211,000 13,000
U.S. citizen 1,343,000 30,000 901,000 25,500 148,000 10,000 93,000 7,000 201,000 13,000
Native-born 1,082,000 27,500 689,000 24,000 135,000 10,000 86,000 7,000 171,000 12,000
Naturalized 261,000 11,000 212,000 10,500 13,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 30,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 289,000 13,500 224,000 13,500 52,000 4,500 2,000 1,000 10,000 3,000
Permanent resident 130,000 12,000 115,000 12,000 8,000 1,500 1,000 500 6,000 2,000
Temporary resident 159,000 7,500 109,000 6,500 45,000 4,500 1,000 500 4,000 2,000
Science occupations 1,159,000 31,500 741,000 27,500 176,000 10,000 93,000 7,000 148,000 13,000
U.S. citizen 943,000 28,500 575,000 24,500 137,000 9,500 91,000 7,000 140,000 12,500
Native-born 767,000 27,500 434,000 23,000 125,000 9,500 85,000 7,000 122,000 12,000
Naturalized 176,000 9,000 141,000 8,000 12,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 18,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 215,000 13,000 166,000 13,000 38,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 8,000 2,500
Permanent resident 96,000 11,000 84,000 10,500 7,000 1,500 1,000 500 5,000 2,000
Temporary resident 119,000 6,500 83,000 6,000 32,000 4,000 1,000 500 S S
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 153,000 13,500 65,000 8,000 35,000 3,000 7,000 1,500 46,000 10,500
U.S. citizen 131,000 13,000 55,000 7,500 26,000 2,500 7,000 1,500 44,000 10,000
Native-born 111,000 11,500 44,000 6,000 23,000 2,500 7,000 1,500 38,000 9,500
Naturalized 20,000 6,000 12,000 4,500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 22,000 3,500 10,000 3,000 9,000 1,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 9,000 2,500 6,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 13,000 2,500 4,000 1,500 7,000 1,500 D D D D
Agricultural/ food scientists 20,000 5,500 14,000 5,500 3,000 1,000 D D 2,000 500
U.S. citizen 15,000 5,500 11,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 500
Native-born 14,000 5,000 10,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 1,000 1,000 S S D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 2,500 S S 1,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 1,000 D D S S D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 103,000 9,500 48,000 6,000 22,000 2,500 S S 33,000 7,000
U.S. citizen 88,000 9,000 42,000 6,000 15,000 2,000 S S 30,000 7,000
Native-born 69,000 7,000 31,000 3,500 13,000 2,000 S S 25,000 6,000
Naturalized 19,000 6,000 11,000 4,500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 15,000 2,500 6,000 1,000 7,000 1,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 10,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 6,000 1,500 D D D D
Environmental life scientists 16,000 6,000 3,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 12,000 5,500
U.S. citizen 14,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 S S D D 12,000 5,500
Native-born 14,000 6,000 2,000 1,000 S S D D 12,000 5,500
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 15,000 2,500 D D 9,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 D D
U.S. citizen 14,000 2,500 D D 8,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 D D
Native-born 14,000 2,500 D D 8,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 D D
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 706,000 27,000 561,000 25,500 64,000 6,500 30,000 3,500 51,000 5,000
U.S. citizen 536,000 24,000 412,000 22,000 48,000 6,000 28,000 3,500 48,000 4,500
Native-born 399,000 23,000 292,000 21,000 43,000 5,500 25,000 3,500 39,000 4,500
Naturalized 137,000 7,000 120,000 7,000 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 9,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 169,000 12,500 149,000 12,500 16,000 3,000 1,000 500 3,000 1,500
Permanent resident 80,000 10,500 74,000 10,000 3,000 1,000 S S S S
Temporary resident 90,000 6,000 76,000 6,000 13,000 3,000 D D S S
Computer and information scientists 607,000 21,000 522,000 20,000 32,000 4,500 10,000 2,500 43,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 451,000 18,000 376,000 17,000 25,000 4,000 9,000 2,500 41,000 4,500
Native-born 321,000 17,000 259,000 16,000 22,000 4,000 8,000 2,500 32,000 4,000
Naturalized 130,000 7,000 117,000 7,000 3,000 1,000 S S 9,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 156,000 12,500 145,000 12,500 7,000 2,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 75,000 10,000 71,000 10,000 1,000 500 D D S S
Temporary resident 81,000 6,000 74,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 D D D D
Mathematical scientists 54,000 12,000 39,000 12,000 6,000 1,500 S S 8,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 47,000 12,000 36,000 12,000 3,000 1,000 D D 7,000 1,500
Native-born 43,000 12,000 33,000 12,000 3,000 1,000 D D 7,000 1,500
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 7,000 1,500 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 44,000 5,500 D D 25,000 5,000 19,000 2,500 D D
U.S. citizen 38,000 5,000 D D 20,000 4,500 18,000 2,500 D D
Native-born 34,000 5,000 D D 18,000 4,500 17,000 2,500 D D
Naturalized 3,000 1,000 D D 2,000 500 2,000 500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 2,000 D D 6,000 2,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 * * D D
Temporary resident 5,000 2,000 D D 5,000 2,000 D D D D
Physical/ related scientists 84,000 6,000 39,000 3,000 20,000 4,500 4,000 1,000 21,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 72,000 5,500 36,000 3,000 13,000 4,500 4,000 1,000 19,000 2,500
Native-born 65,000 5,500 31,000 3,000 12,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 18,000 2,500
Naturalized 7,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 12,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 7,000 2,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 4,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 * * D D S S
Temporary resident 9,000 2,500 1,000 500 7,000 2,000 D D D D
Chemists, except biochemists 22,000 2,000 16,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 19,000 2,000 14,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 4,000 1,500
Native-born 15,000 2,000 10,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 4,000 1,500
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 500 * * 1,000 500 D D D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 27,000 2,500 15,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 D D 9,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 25,000 2,500 14,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D 8,000 2,000
Native-born 24,000 2,500 13,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D 8,000 2,000
Naturalized 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Physicists and astronomers 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 5,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D 1,000 1,000
Native-born 5,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D S S
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 15,000 4,000 D D 11,000 4,000 4,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 10,000 4,000 D D S S 4,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 10,000 4,000 D D S S 3,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized 1,000 500 D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 2,000 D D 4,000 2,000 D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D * * D D D D
Temporary resident 4,000 2,000 D D 4,000 2,000 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 13,000 2,500 6,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D 6,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 12,000 2,500 6,000 2,000 * * D D 6,000 1,500
Native-born 12,000 2,000 6,000 2,000 * * D D 5,000 1,500
Naturalized 1,000 500 D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Social science, psychology 216,000 13,000 76,000 11,000 57,000 4,500 53,000 6,000 30,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 204,000 13,000 72,000 11,000 50,000 4,000 52,000 6,000 29,000 3,500
Native-born 193,000 13,000 68,000 11,500 47,000 4,000 50,000 5,500 28,000 3,500
Naturalized 12,000 2,000 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 12,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 7,000 1,500 1,000 500 S S
Permanent resident 4,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Temporary resident 8,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 D D * *
Economists 12,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,500 D D 4,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 10,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000
Native-born 9,000 2,000 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000
Naturalized * * D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Political scientists 6,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 6,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 1,000
Native-born 6,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 1,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 50,000 6,000 D D 30,000 3,500 20,000 5,000 D D
U.S. citizen 47,000 6,000 D D 27,000 3,500 20,000 5,000 D D
Native-born 44,000 6,000 D D 25,000 3,000 19,000 5,000 D D
Naturalized 3,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Psychologists 78,000 5,000 31,000 3,500 8,000 1,500 32,000 3,000 7,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 76,000 5,000 30,000 3,500 8,000 1,500 32,000 3,000 7,000 1,500
Native-born 71,000 4,500 28,000 3,500 7,000 1,500 30,000 3,000 6,000 1,500
Naturalized 5,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D D D D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 8,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 4,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
Native-born 7,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S D D * * D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Other social and related scientists 61,000 11,000 34,000 10,500 10,000 2,000 D D 17,000 3,000
U.S. citizen 58,000 11,000 32,000 10,500 9,000 2,000 D D 16,000 3,000
Native-born 55,000 11,000 30,000 10,500 9,000 2,000 D D 15,000 3,000
Naturalized 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 * * 1,000 500 D D D D
Engineering occupations 473,000 13,000 384,000 12,500 25,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 62,000 4,500
U.S. citizen 399,000 12,500 326,000 12,000 11,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 60,000 4,500
Native-born 315,000 10,000 255,000 9,000 10,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 48,000 4,000
Naturalized 85,000 7,500 71,000 7,500 1,000 500 D D 12,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 74,000 6,000 58,000 5,000 14,000 3,500 D D 2,000 1,000
Permanent resident 34,000 4,000 31,000 4,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 1,000
Temporary resident 39,000 4,000 26,000 2,500 13,000 3,500 D D D D
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 34,000 3,500 27,000 3,000 S S D D 6,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 33,000 3,500 25,000 3,000 S S D D 6,000 1,500
Native-born 28,000 3,500 22,000 3,000 S S D D 6,000 1,500
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Chemical engineers 18,000 2,000 16,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 16,000 2,000 14,000 2,000 S S D D 1,000 1,000
Native-born 12,000 2,000 11,000 2,000 S S D D S S
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 60,000 3,500 37,000 2,500 1,000 500 D D 22,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 52,000 3,000 32,000 2,500 * * D D 20,000 2,500
Native-born 39,000 3,000 25,000 2,500 * * D D 13,000 2,000
Naturalized 13,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 D D D D 7,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 * * D D 1,000 1,000
Permanent resident 5,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D 1,000 1,000
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 141,000 9,000 121,000 9,000 9,000 3,000 D D 10,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 109,000 8,000 96,000 8,000 2,000 500 D D 10,000 2,000
Native-born 73,000 4,500 63,000 4,500 1,000 500 D D 9,000 2,000
Naturalized 36,000 7,000 34,000 7,000 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 32,000 5,000 25,000 4,000 7,000 3,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 15,000 3,500 15,000 3,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 17,000 3,500 10,000 2,000 7,000 3,000 D D D D
Industrial engineers 18,000 2,500 16,000 2,500 * * D D S S
U.S. citizen 15,000 2,500 13,000 2,500 * * D D S S
Native-born 11,000 2,000 10,000 2,000 * * D D S S
Naturalized 4,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 2,000 500 * * D D D D
Mechanical engineers 81,000 4,500 72,000 4,500 3,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 71,000 4,500 62,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,500
Native-born 59,000 4,000 51,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,500
Naturalized 12,000 1,500 11,000 1,500 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 11,000 2,000 10,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 5,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 6,000 1,500 5,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering 8,000 2,000 D D 7,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 5,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 5,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized * * D D * * D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,500 D D 4,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident S S D D S S D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,500 D D D D
Other engineers 113,000 7,000 95,000 6,500 3,000 500 D D 15,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 100,000 7,000 84,000 6,500 2,000 500 D D 15,000 2,500
Native-born 88,000 7,000 74,000 6,500 1,000 500 D D 13,000 2,500
Naturalized 12,000 2,000 10,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 12,000 2,000 11,000 2,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 7,000 1,500 6,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D D D
S&E-related occupations 1,753,000 45,000 934,000 28,500 109,000 9,000 563,000 37,500 147,000 12,500
U.S. citizen 1,672,000 45,500 871,000 28,500 100,000 8,500 556,000 37,500 144,000 12,000
Native-born 1,499,000 41,000 754,000 26,500 90,000 8,500 530,000 34,500 124,000 11,500
Naturalized 173,000 16,000 117,000 13,000 10,000 2,500 26,000 8,500 20,000 3,500
Non U.S. citizen 81,000 8,000 63,000 8,000 9,000 2,000 7,000 2,000 S S
Permanent resident 54,000 7,500 42,000 7,000 3,000 1,000 6,000 2,000 S S
Temporary resident 27,000 4,000 21,000 3,500 6,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D
Health and related 779,000 21,000 542,000 18,000 85,000 8,500 79,000 6,000 73,000 6,500
U.S. citizen 750,000 21,000 521,000 18,500 82,000 8,000 77,000 6,000 70,000 6,500
Native-born 680,000 19,000 469,000 17,000 76,000 8,000 75,000 6,000 60,000 6,000
Naturalized 70,000 6,500 52,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 11,000 3,000
Non U.S. citizen 29,000 6,500 22,000 6,500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 23,000 6,500 16,000 6,500 2,000 1,000 D D S S
Temporary resident 6,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 S S D D D D
S&E manager 283,000 22,000 212,000 19,000 9,000 2,500 4,000 2,000 59,000 9,500
U.S. citizen 267,000 21,500 196,000 18,500 9,000 2,500 4,000 2,000 59,000 9,500
Native-born 231,000 21,000 169,000 18,000 7,000 2,000 4,000 1,500 52,000 9,500
Naturalized 36,000 4,500 27,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 D D 7,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 16,000 3,000 16,000 3,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 11,000 2,500 10,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 478,000 36,500 D D D D 478,000 36,500 D D
U.S. citizen 475,000 37,000 D D D D 474,000 37,000 D D
Native-born 451,000 34,500 D D D D 450,000 34,500 D D
Naturalized 24,000 8,000 D D D D 24,000 8,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,500 D D D D 4,000 1,500 D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,500 D D D D 3,000 1,500 D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D D D 1,000 500 D D
S&E technician/ technologist 143,000 14,500 116,000 14,500 14,000 2,500 S S 11,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 115,000 14,000 95,000 13,500 8,000 2,000 S S 10,000 2,000
Native-born 78,000 10,000 62,000 9,500 6,000 2,000 D D 8,000 2,000
Naturalized 37,000 10,000 33,000 10,000 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 28,000 4,000 21,000 3,500 6,000 1,500 D D D D
Permanent resident 13,000 2,500 11,000 2,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 15,000 3,000 10,000 2,500 5,000 1,500 D D D D
Other S&E-related 69,000 8,000 63,000 7,500 D D D D 5,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 65,000 7,500 59,000 7,500 D D D D 5,000 2,000
Native-born 59,000 7,000 54,000 7,000 D D D D 4,000 2,000
Naturalized 6,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 2,500 S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 2,987,000 49,000 1,792,000 37,000 171,000 11,500 688,000 31,000 336,000 14,000
U.S. citizen 2,796,000 46,000 1,633,000 32,500 161,000 11,500 670,000 29,500 332,000 14,000
Native-born 2,506,000 45,000 1,413,000 30,500 150,000 11,000 639,000 29,500 303,000 13,500
Naturalized 290,000 13,000 219,000 11,500 11,000 2,000 31,000 4,000 29,000 4,500
Non U.S. citizen 191,000 17,500 160,000 16,500 10,000 2,000 18,000 7,000 4,000 1,500
Permanent resident 142,000 15,500 120,000 14,000 4,000 1,500 16,000 7,000 3,000 1,500
Temporary resident 48,000 10,000 40,000 9,500 6,000 2,000 S S D D
Arts/ humanities/ related 89,000 10,500 80,000 10,500 2,000 1,500 2,000 1,500 5,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 83,000 10,500 74,000 10,000 2,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 5,000 2,000
Native-born 78,000 10,500 70,000 10,000 2,000 1,500 D D 5,000 2,000
Naturalized 5,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 2,500 5,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Management-related 597,000 29,000 451,000 22,500 32,000 6,000 25,000 10,500 87,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 543,000 27,000 400,000 19,500 31,000 6,000 25,000 10,500 86,000 6,000
Native-born 466,000 26,000 333,000 18,500 29,000 6,000 25,000 10,500 79,000 6,000
Naturalized 77,000 7,000 67,000 6,500 2,000 1,000 D D 8,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 53,000 11,000 51,000 11,000 S S D D 1,000 500
Permanent resident 40,000 10,500 39,000 10,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 13,000 2,500 12,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 634,000 23,500 436,000 17,500 26,000 4,000 88,000 12,000 84,000 8,500
U.S. citizen 591,000 23,000 396,000 17,500 25,000 4,000 87,000 12,000 83,000 8,500
Native-born 513,000 22,500 333,000 16,500 23,000 4,000 84,000 12,000 73,000 8,500
Naturalized 78,000 6,500 63,000 5,500 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 10,000 4,000
Non U.S. citizen 42,000 7,500 40,000 7,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 31,000 4,500 29,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 62,000 5,000 D D 40,000 4,000 21,000 3,000 D D
U.S. citizen 57,000 5,000 D D 36,000 4,000 21,000 3,000 D D
Native-born 52,000 4,500 D D 33,000 4,000 19,000 2,500 D D
Naturalized 5,000 1,500 D D 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 418,000 24,500 S S D D 417,000 24,500 D D
U.S. citizen 403,000 23,000 S S D D 402,000 23,000 D D
Native-born 386,000 23,000 S S D D 385,000 23,000 D D
Naturalized 17,000 3,000 D D D D 17,000 3,000 D D
Non U.S. citizen 16,000 7,000 D D D D 16,000 7,000 D D
Permanent resident 14,000 6,500 D D D D 14,000 6,500 D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D S S D D
Sales/ marketing 286,000 17,000 281,000 16,500 2,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 254,000 14,000 249,000 14,000 2,000 1,500 D D 2,000 1,000
Native-born 217,000 13,000 212,000 13,000 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000
Naturalized 38,000 5,000 36,000 5,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 32,000 8,000 32,000 8,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 22,000 6,000 22,000 6,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S S S D D D D D D
Social service/ related 458,000 17,500 271,000 14,500 26,000 4,000 94,000 7,000 67,000 6,000
U.S. citizen 449,000 17,000 264,000 14,000 26,000 4,000 94,000 7,000 66,000 6,000
Native-born 423,000 17,000 247,000 14,000 24,000 4,000 90,000 7,000 63,000 6,000
Naturalized 26,000 4,000 18,000 4,000 S S 4,000 1,500 3,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 9,000 2,500 7,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 9,000 2,500 6,000 2,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 443,000 20,500 271,000 16,000 42,000 6,500 40,000 8,000 90,000 8,000
U.S. citizen 414,000 19,000 248,000 15,000 38,000 6,500 39,000 8,000 89,000 8,000
Native-born 371,000 18,000 216,000 13,500 37,000 6,500 36,000 8,000 82,000 8,000
Naturalized 44,000 5,000 32,000 4,500 1,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 8,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 29,000 6,500 24,000 6,500 4,000 1,500 D D 1,000 500
Permanent resident 23,000 6,500 20,000 6,500 1,000 1,000 D D D D
Temporary resident 6,000 2,000 3,000 1,500 S S D D D D
Doctorate 1,105,000 16,000 489,000 12,500 459,000 8,000 67,000 8,500 90,000 3,500
U.S. citizen 880,000 12,000 376,000 7,000 360,000 7,500 63,000 8,000 81,000 3,500
Native-born 692,000 11,500 273,000 6,500 299,000 7,000 57,000 8,000 62,000 2,500
Naturalized 188,000 5,000 103,000 4,000 60,000 2,500 6,000 1,500 19,000 2,000
Non U.S. citizen 225,000 10,500 113,000 10,500 99,000 4,000 4,000 2,500 9,000 1,500
Permanent resident 154,000 10,500 83,000 10,000 62,000 3,000 S S 5,000 1,000
Temporary resident 71,000 3,500 30,000 2,500 37,000 3,500 * * 4,000 1,000
S&E occupations 675,000 8,500 269,000 4,500 326,000 7,000 19,000 1,500 61,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 517,000 7,500 200,000 4,000 245,000 6,000 18,000 1,500 53,000 2,500
Native-born 402,000 7,000 143,000 3,000 202,000 6,000 16,000 1,500 41,000 2,000
Naturalized 114,000 3,000 57,000 2,500 43,000 2,000 2,000 500 12,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 158,000 4,500 68,000 3,500 81,000 3,500 1,000 500 8,000 1,500
Permanent resident 100,000 3,500 45,000 3,000 49,000 2,500 1,000 500 4,000 1,000
Temporary resident 59,000 3,500 24,000 2,000 31,000 3,000 * * 4,000 1,000
Science occupations 563,000 8,000 200,000 4,000 293,000 6,500 19,000 1,500 52,000 2,500
U.S. citizen 438,000 7,500 152,000 3,500 223,000 6,000 18,000 1,500 45,000 2,000
Native-born 353,000 7,000 114,000 3,000 187,000 6,000 16,000 1,500 36,000 2,000
Naturalized 85,000 3,000 38,000 2,000 36,000 2,000 2,000 500 10,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 125,000 3,500 47,000 2,500 70,000 3,500 1,000 500 7,000 1,500
Permanent resident 79,000 3,000 31,000 2,000 43,000 2,500 1,000 500 4,000 1,000
Temporary resident 46,000 3,500 16,000 2,000 27,000 3,000 * * 3,000 1,000
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 189,000 4,000 58,000 2,500 107,000 3,000 3,000 500 21,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 132,000 3,000 39,000 1,500 72,000 2,500 3,000 500 17,000 2,000
Native-born 103,000 3,000 28,000 1,000 58,000 2,000 3,000 500 14,000 1,500
Naturalized 29,000 2,000 12,000 1,000 14,000 1,500 * * 4,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 57,000 3,000 19,000 2,000 35,000 2,000 * * 4,000 1,000
Permanent resident 36,000 2,500 13,000 1,500 20,000 2,000 * * 2,000 500
Temporary resident 22,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 14,000 2,000 D D 2,000 1,000
Agricultural/ food scientists 11,000 1,000 6,000 1,000 3,000 500 D D 2,000 500
U.S. citizen 8,000 1,000 5,000 500 2,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Native-born 7,000 500 4,000 500 2,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Naturalized 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 * * * * D D D D
Biological and medical scientists 130,000 4,000 52,000 2,500 59,000 2,500 * * 18,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 81,000 3,000 34,000 1,500 32,000 2,000 * * 15,000 2,000
Native-born 60,000 2,500 23,000 1,000 24,000 2,000 * * 12,000 1,500
Naturalized 21,000 1,500 11,000 1,000 7,000 1,000 D D 3,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 49,000 3,000 17,000 2,000 28,000 2,000 D D 4,000 1,000
Permanent resident 28,000 2,500 12,000 1,500 15,000 2,000 D D 2,000 500
Temporary resident 20,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 13,000 2,000 D D 2,000 1,000
Environmental life scientists 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Native-born 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Naturalized * * D D D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences 47,000 2,000 D D 44,000 2,000 3,000 500 D D
U.S. citizen 41,000 1,500 D D 38,000 1,500 3,000 500 D D
Native-born 35,000 1,500 D D 32,000 1,500 3,000 500 D D
Naturalized 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Computer/ mathematical scientists 103,000 5,500 54,000 3,000 41,000 4,500 3,000 1,000 4,000 500
U.S. citizen 77,000 5,500 38,000 2,500 32,000 4,500 3,000 1,000 4,000 500
Native-born 51,000 5,000 22,000 2,000 24,000 4,500 2,000 1,000 2,000 500
Naturalized 26,000 2,000 16,000 1,500 8,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 26,000 2,000 16,000 1,500 9,000 1,000 * * * *
Permanent resident 17,000 1,500 10,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 * * * *
Temporary resident 9,000 1,000 6,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D * *
Computer and information scientists 52,000 5,500 42,000 3,000 S S D D 2,000 500
U.S. citizen 39,000 5,000 30,000 2,500 S S D D 2,000 500
Native-born 24,000 5,000 17,000 2,000 S S D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 15,000 1,500 13,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 13,000 1,500 12,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D * *
Permanent resident 8,000 1,000 8,000 1,000 * * D D * *
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
Mathematical scientists 19,000 1,500 12,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 D D 2,000 500
U.S. citizen 13,000 1,000 8,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D 2,000 500
Native-born 8,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 5,000 500 3,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D * *
Permanent resident 4,000 500 3,000 500 1,000 500 D D * *
Temporary resident 3,000 500 2,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences 32,000 1,500 D D 28,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 25,000 1,500 D D 22,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 19,000 1,500 D D 16,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized 7,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 5,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Physical/ related scientists 105,000 3,000 36,000 1,500 53,000 2,500 4,000 500 13,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 79,000 2,000 28,000 1,500 36,000 1,500 4,000 500 10,000 1,000
Native-born 62,000 1,500 21,000 1,000 30,000 1,500 3,000 500 8,000 500
Naturalized 17,000 1,500 7,000 1,000 6,000 1,000 * * 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 27,000 2,500 8,000 1,000 16,000 2,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000
Permanent resident 18,000 2,000 6,000 1,000 10,000 1,500 S S 2,000 1,000
Temporary resident 9,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 6,000 2,000 D D 1,000 500
Chemists, except biochemists 29,000 2,000 21,000 1,500 5,000 2,000 D D 3,000 500
U.S. citizen 21,000 1,000 16,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D 3,000 500
Native-born 15,000 1,000 12,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Naturalized 6,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 * * D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,500 D D S S
Permanent resident 4,000 1,000 3,000 500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 4,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 14,000 1,000 5,000 500 5,000 1,000 D D 4,000 500
U.S. citizen 10,000 1,000 4,000 500 2,000 500 D D 4,000 500
Native-born 9,000 1,000 3,000 500 2,000 500 D D 3,000 500
Naturalized 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D * *
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D * *
Physicists and astronomers 18,000 1,000 8,000 1,000 7,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 13,000 1,000 6,000 500 4,000 500 D D 3,000 500
Native-born 10,000 500 5,000 500 3,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Naturalized 3,000 500 2,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 1,000 2,000 500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 500 * * 2,000 500 D D * *
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences 40,000 2,000 D D 36,000 1,500 4,000 500 D D
U.S. citizen 32,000 1,500 D D 28,000 1,500 4,000 500 D D
Native-born 26,000 1,000 D D 23,000 1,000 3,000 500 D D
Naturalized 5,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 1,500 D D 8,000 1,500 S S D D
Permanent resident 7,000 1,500 D D 7,000 1,500 * * D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Other physical/ related scientists 4,000 1,000 2,000 500 1,000 500 D D 2,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 3,000 500 2,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Native-born 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 1,000 * * * * D D S S
Permanent resident S S * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Social science, psychology 166,000 4,000 52,000 2,000 92,000 3,500 8,000 1,000 14,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 151,000 3,500 47,000 2,000 82,000 3,000 8,000 1,000 14,000 1,500
Native-born 137,000 3,500 44,000 1,500 75,000 3,000 7,000 1,000 12,000 1,000
Naturalized 13,000 1,500 3,000 500 7,000 1,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 15,000 1,500 5,000 1,000 10,000 1,500 * * * *
Permanent resident 9,000 1,000 2,000 500 7,000 1,000 * * * *
Temporary resident 6,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D * *
Economists 10,000 1,000 6,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D 3,000 500
U.S. citizen 6,000 500 3,000 500 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Native-born 5,000 500 3,000 500 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Naturalized 1,000 500 * * * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Political scientists 1,000 500 * * 1,000 500 D D S S
U.S. citizen 1,000 500 * * * * D D S S
Native-born 1,000 500 * * * * D D * *
Naturalized D D D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences 81,000 3,500 D D 77,000 3,500 4,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 74,000 3,000 D D 70,000 3,000 4,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 68,000 3,000 D D 64,000 3,000 4,000 500 D D
Naturalized 7,000 1,000 D D 6,000 1,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 7,000 1,000 D D 7,000 1,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 5,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,000 * * D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Psychologists 57,000 2,000 38,000 1,500 7,000 1,000 3,000 500 9,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 56,000 2,000 37,000 1,500 7,000 1,000 3,000 500 9,000 1,000
Native-born 52,000 1,500 35,000 1,500 6,000 500 3,000 500 7,000 1,000
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * S S
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D * *
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Sociologists and anthropologists 3,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 3,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Native-born 3,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Naturalized * * D D * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen * * * * * * D D D D
Permanent resident * * * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Other social and related scientists 12,000 1,500 7,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 * * 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 10,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * 1,000 500
Native-born 9,000 1,500 5,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 1,000 500 * * * * D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident S S D D D D D D D D
Engineering occupations 112,000 3,000 69,000 2,500 33,000 1,500 * * 9,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 78,000 2,000 48,000 2,000 22,000 1,000 * * 8,000 1,000
Native-born 49,000 1,500 29,000 1,500 15,000 1,000 * * 6,000 1,000
Naturalized 29,000 1,500 19,000 1,500 7,000 1,000 D D 3,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 33,000 2,500 21,000 2,000 11,000 1,500 D D 1,000 500
Permanent resident 21,000 2,000 14,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 D D * *
Temporary resident 13,000 1,500 7,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers 7,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 * * D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 6,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 * * D D 1,000 500
Native-born 4,000 500 2,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 3,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 1,000 500 * * * * D D D D
Permanent resident 1,000 500 * * D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D * * D D D D
Chemical engineers 10,000 1,000 9,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
U.S. citizen 7,000 1,000 7,000 1,000 * * D D * *
Native-born 5,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 * * D D * *
Naturalized 3,000 500 3,000 500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers 5,000 500 3,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 3,000 500 2,000 500 * * D D 1,000 500
Native-born 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D * *
Naturalized 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D * *
Permanent resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D * *
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 * * D D D D
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers 24,000 1,500 20,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 D D 2,000 500
U.S. citizen 15,000 1,000 12,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Native-born 8,000 500 6,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Naturalized 6,000 1,000 6,000 1,000 * * D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 9,000 1,500 8,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 3,000 500 3,000 500 * * D D D D
Industrial engineers 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D * *
U.S. citizen 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D * *
Native-born 1,000 500 * * D D D D * *
Naturalized * * * * D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen * * * * D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * D D D D D D D D
Mechanical engineers 10,000 1,000 8,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
U.S. citizen 7,000 1,000 6,000 500 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Native-born 4,000 500 3,000 500 * * D D * *
Naturalized 3,000 500 2,000 500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 3,000 1,000 3,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 500 2,000 500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 500 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers - engineering 23,000 1,000 D D 23,000 1,000 * * D D
U.S. citizen 18,000 1,000 D D 18,000 1,000 * * D D
Native-born 12,000 1,000 D D 12,000 1,000 * * D D
Naturalized 6,000 500 D D 6,000 500 D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 1,000 D D 5,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 1,000 D D 4,000 1,000 D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500 D D D D
Other engineers 31,000 2,000 23,000 2,000 5,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 21,000 1,500 16,000 1,500 2,000 500 D D 3,000 1,000
Native-born 14,000 1,500 11,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 2,000 500
Naturalized 7,000 1,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 10,000 1,500 7,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D * *
Permanent resident 5,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D * *
S&E-related occupations 167,000 13,000 86,000 10,500 40,000 2,000 24,000 8,500 16,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 128,000 9,500 58,000 4,500 33,000 1,500 22,000 8,000 15,000 2,000
Native-born 98,000 9,000 41,000 4,000 27,000 1,500 20,000 8,000 10,000 1,500
Naturalized 29,000 3,000 17,000 2,000 6,000 1,000 2,000 500 5,000 1,500
Non U.S. citizen 39,000 9,500 28,000 9,000 8,000 1,500 S S S S
Permanent resident 34,000 9,000 26,000 9,000 5,000 1,000 S S * *
Temporary resident 5,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 500 D D D D
Health and related 87,000 8,000 43,000 8,000 33,000 2,000 S S 8,000 2,000
U.S. citizen 63,000 4,000 27,000 3,500 28,000 1,500 1,000 500 7,000 2,000
Native-born 50,000 3,500 20,000 3,000 24,000 1,500 1,000 500 4,000 1,500
Naturalized 13,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 5,000 1,000 D D 2,000 1,000
Non U.S. citizen 24,000 7,500 16,000 7,000 5,000 1,000 D D S S
Permanent resident 21,000 7,500 15,000 7,000 4,000 1,000 D D * *
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 S S 1,000 500 D D D D
S&E manager 44,000 5,000 33,000 5,000 4,000 500 D D 7,000 500
U.S. citizen 36,000 3,000 25,000 3,000 4,000 500 D D 7,000 500
Native-born 26,000 3,000 18,000 3,000 3,000 500 D D 5,000 500
Naturalized 10,000 1,500 8,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 8,000 3,500 7,000 3,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 8,000 3,500 7,000 3,500 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident * * * * D D D D D D
S&E precollege teacher 21,000 8,000 D D D D 21,000 8,000 D D
U.S. citizen 20,000 8,000 D D D D 20,000 8,000 D D
Native-born 19,000 8,000 D D D D 19,000 8,000 D D
Naturalized 1,000 500 D D D D 1,000 500 D D
Non U.S. citizen * * D D D D * * D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D * * D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
S&E technician/ technologist 13,000 2,000 9,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D S S
U.S. citizen 8,000 1,500 6,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D S S
Native-born 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 * * D D * *
Naturalized 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D S S
Non U.S. citizen 5,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,000 2,000 500 S S D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 1,000 S S 1,000 500 D D D D
Other S&E-related S S S S D D D D D D
U.S. citizen * * * * D D D D D D
Native-born * * D D D D D D D D
Naturalized * * D D D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 263,000 7,500 134,000 6,500 92,000 4,500 24,000 3,500 13,000 1,500
U.S. citizen 236,000 7,500 118,000 6,000 82,000 4,000 23,000 3,500 13,000 1,500
Native-born 192,000 7,000 89,000 5,000 70,000 4,000 21,000 3,500 11,000 1,500
Naturalized 44,000 3,000 29,000 3,000 11,000 1,000 2,000 1,500 2,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 28,000 3,000 16,000 2,500 11,000 2,000 * * * *
Permanent resident 20,000 2,500 12,000 2,000 7,000 1,500 * * * *
Temporary resident 8,000 1,500 4,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D
Arts/ humanities/ related 11,000 1,500 9,000 1,500 1,000 500 D D * *
U.S. citizen 9,000 1,000 8,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
Native-born 8,000 1,000 7,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D * *
Naturalized 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident S S S S D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Management-related 39,000 3,000 31,000 3,000 4,000 1,000 * * 4,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 35,000 3,000 26,000 2,500 4,000 1,000 * * 4,000 1,000
Native-born 27,000 2,500 20,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 * * 4,000 1,000
Naturalized 8,000 1,500 7,000 1,500 1,000 500 * * 1,000 500
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,000 4,000 1,000 * * D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident 2,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E manager 89,000 4,500 51,000 3,500 25,000 1,500 10,000 2,000 4,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 84,000 4,500 47,000 3,500 24,000 1,500 10,000 2,000 4,000 1,000
Native-born 65,000 3,500 32,000 3,000 20,000 1,500 9,000 2,000 3,000 1,000
Naturalized 18,000 2,500 14,000 2,500 3,000 1,000 * * * *
Non U.S. citizen 6,000 1,500 5,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Permanent resident 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 500 D D D D
Temporary resident 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D D D
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 62,000 4,000 D D 59,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 D D
U.S. citizen 53,000 4,000 D D 50,000 3,500 3,000 1,000 D D
Native-born 45,000 3,500 D D 43,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 D D
Naturalized 7,000 1,000 D D 7,000 1,000 * * D D
Non U.S. citizen 9,000 2,000 D D 9,000 2,000 * * D D
Permanent resident 6,000 1,500 D D 6,000 1,500 * * D D
Temporary resident 3,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,000 D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher 9,000 3,000 D D D D 9,000 3,000 D D
U.S. citizen 9,000 3,000 D D D D 9,000 3,000 D D
Native-born 7,000 3,000 D D D D 7,000 3,000 D D
Naturalized S S D D D D S S D D
Non U.S. citizen D D D D D D D D D D
Permanent resident D D D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Sales/ marketing 12,000 1,500 12,000 1,500 D D D D D D
U.S. citizen 10,000 1,500 10,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Native-born 7,000 1,000 7,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Naturalized 3,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Non U.S. citizen 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D D D D D
Temporary resident * * * * D D D D D D
Social service/ related 16,000 2,500 11,000 2,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 S S
U.S. citizen 15,000 2,500 11,000 2,000 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 S S
Native-born 14,000 2,500 10,000 2,000 1,000 500 1,000 1,000 S S
Naturalized 1,000 500 1,000 500 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen S S S S D D D D D D
Permanent resident * * D D D D D D D D
Temporary resident D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E 26,000 3,500 20,000 3,500 2,000 1,000 * * 3,000 1,000
U.S. citizen 22,000 3,000 17,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 * * 3,000 1,000
Native-born 18,000 3,000 14,000 3,000 1,000 500 * * 3,000 1,000
Naturalized 4,000 1,000 3,000 1,000 D D D D * *
Non U.S. citizen 4,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Permanent resident 3,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 D D D D D D
Temporary resident S S * * D D D D D D

Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 1,000. Standard errors for numbers are rounded up to the nearest 500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2010.
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of 22 September 2014.