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Table 7-2. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers with a bachelor's as the highest degree,by field of highest degree, employment sector, and primary or secondary work activity: 2013
 

Level and field of highest degree and employment sector                Primary or secondary work activity
Employed scientists and engineers Computer applications Management, sales, administration Research and development Teaching Other
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Bachelor's 13,432,000 237,000 1,695,000 53,000 8,169,000 155,000 3,420,000 78,000 1,872,000 57,000 5,387,000 108,500
Business/ industry 10,157,000 186,500 1,441,000 48,000 6,532,000 133,000 2,591,000 62,500 750,000 33,000 4,175,000 88,500
4-year college/ university 646,000 27,000 70,000 8,000 246,000 17,500 265,000 15,000 140,000 12,500 275,000 19,500
Other educational institution 1,054,000 45,500 41,000 6,000 378,000 23,000 164,000 17,000 867,000 43,500 240,000 18,500
Government 1,575,000 50,500 143,000 13,500 1,013,000 39,500 399,000 23,500 115,000 12,500 697,000 31,500
S&E field 8,932,000 155,500 1,248,000 37,500 5,909,000 118,000 2,450,000 52,500 922,000 35,500 2,930,000 66,500
Business/ industry 6,795,000 126,000 1,060,000 34,000 4,767,000 102,500 1,847,000 44,500 308,000 19,000 2,232,000 54,500
4-year college/ university 424,000 21,000 53,000 7,000 171,000 14,500 212,000 11,500 75,000 8,500 130,000 12,000
Other educational institution 574,000 28,500 26,000 4,500 206,000 14,000 98,000 13,000 458,000 26,000 117,000 12,000
Government 1,139,000 37,500 110,000 11,500 766,000 31,000 293,000 18,500 82,000 10,000 452,000 23,500
Science 6,933,000 134,000 896,000 31,500 4,639,000 101,000 1,590,000 42,000 836,000 33,500 2,396,000 62,000
Business/ industry 5,129,000 111,000 743,000 28,000 3,694,000 89,000 1,112,000 34,500 270,000 18,500 1,787,000 51,500
4-year college/ university 379,000 20,000 41,000 6,000 161,000 14,000 180,000 11,000 68,000 8,000 123,000 12,000
Other educational institution 536,000 28,000 21,000 4,500 193,000 13,500 94,000 13,000 430,000 25,500 106,000 11,500
Government 889,000 31,000 90,000 11,000 591,000 25,000 204,000 15,000 68,000 9,000 379,000 21,500
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences 1,369,000 39,000 51,000 6,000 892,000 30,500 368,000 17,500 165,000 12,000 568,000 26,000
Business/ industry 977,000 33,500 32,000 5,000 700,000 27,000 206,000 13,000 48,000 6,000 458,000 25,500
4-year college/ university 126,000 10,000 6,000 2,000 39,000 6,000 82,000 8,000 21,000 4,000 41,000 6,000
Other educational institution 92,000 10,500 D D 38,000 5,500 23,000 7,000 78,000 9,500 8,000 3,000
Government 174,000 14,000 9,000 3,000 115,000 10,500 57,000 7,000 17,000 4,500 61,000 8,000
Agricultural/ food sciences 241,000 19,000 9,000 2,500 197,000 17,000 44,000 6,500 17,000 4,000 98,000 13,500
Business/ industry 193,000 16,500 S S 169,000 15,500 28,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 85,000 12,500
4-year college/ university 7,000 2,000 D D 1,000 1,000 5,000 2,000 * * 3,000 1,500
Other educational institution 14,000 4,000 D D 5,000 2,500 S S 9,000 3,000 D D
Government 27,000 6,500 S S 21,000 6,000 7,000 3,000 S S 10,000 3,500
Biological sciences 1,008,000 32,000 32,000 5,000 604,000 23,500 292,000 16,000 139,000 11,500 436,000 23,000
Business/ industry 716,000 29,000 25,000 4,500 478,000 23,000 161,000 12,500 38,000 5,000 354,000 21,500
4-year college/ university 111,000 9,500 4,000 1,500 32,000 5,500 75,000 7,500 18,000 3,500 36,000 6,000
Other educational institution 74,000 9,500 D D 32,000 5,000 20,000 6,500 68,000 9,500 6,000 2,500
Government 106,000 10,000 3,000 1,500 62,000 6,500 36,000 5,500 14,000 4,000 40,000 6,500
Environmental life sciences 120,000 9,500 10,000 3,500 91,000 8,500 33,000 5,000 9,000 2,500 34,000 4,500
Business/ industry 68,000 7,500 4,000 2,000 53,000 7,000 16,000 3,500 S S 20,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 8,000 3,000 D D S S 2,000 1,000 S S S S
Other educational institution 4,000 2,000 D D S S D D 1,000 1,000 D D
Government 41,000 5,500 S S 32,000 4,500 14,000 3,500 3,000 1,500 11,000 2,500
Computer/ mathematical sciences 1,501,000 37,500 648,000 24,500 841,000 27,000 467,000 19,000 129,000 12,000 341,000 19,000
Business/ industry 1,202,000 37,000 560,000 23,500 692,000 25,500 383,000 17,500 36,000 6,500 279,000 17,000
4-year college/ university 60,000 6,500 23,000 3,500 24,000 5,000 22,000 4,000 11,000 3,000 18,000 4,000
Other educational institution 104,000 10,500 13,000 3,000 46,000 7,000 23,000 5,500 79,000 9,500 8,000 2,000
Government 135,000 11,000 51,000 7,000 79,000 8,000 38,000 6,000 3,000 1,500 36,000 6,000
Computer/ information sciences 1,111,000 34,000 573,000 23,000 598,000 23,500 379,000 17,500 37,000 6,000 233,000 16,500
Business/ industry 938,000 32,500 496,000 22,000 508,000 22,000 326,000 16,500 23,000 5,000 189,000 14,000
4-year college/ university 41,000 5,500 20,000 3,500 18,000 4,000 14,000 3,000 1,000 500 15,000 3,500
Other educational institution 30,000 5,000 12,000 3,000 14,000 4,000 9,000 3,000 11,000 3,000 3,000 1,000
Government 102,000 9,500 45,000 6,500 58,000 7,000 30,000 5,500 2,000 1,000 25,000 5,000
Mathematics/ statistics 390,000 17,500 75,000 7,500 243,000 14,500 88,000 8,500 92,000 10,000 108,000 10,000
Business/ industry 264,000 15,500 64,000 7,500 184,000 13,000 58,000 7,000 13,000 4,000 89,000 9,500
4-year college/ university 19,000 4,000 3,000 1,500 6,000 2,500 8,000 2,000 9,000 3,000 3,000 1,500
Other educational institution 74,000 9,500 S S 32,000 5,500 14,000 5,000 68,000 9,000 5,000 1,500
Government 33,000 6,000 7,000 2,000 22,000 5,000 8,000 2,500 1,000 500 11,000 3,500
Physical sciences 419,000 20,000 45,000 7,000 237,000 15,000 155,000 11,000 53,000 7,000 148,000 11,500
Business/ industry 300,000 16,500 37,000 6,500 187,000 13,500 102,000 8,500 14,000 3,500 112,000 10,000
4-year college/ university 31,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 6,000 2,500 26,000 3,500 7,000 2,500 5,000 1,500
Other educational institution 36,000 6,000 S S 14,000 4,000 5,000 2,500 31,000 6,000 10,000 3,500
Government 52,000 6,500 4,000 1,000 30,000 5,500 22,000 5,000 1,000 500 22,000 4,000
Chemistry, except biochemistry 190,000 11,500 16,000 4,000 109,000 9,000 68,000 6,000 18,000 3,500 76,000 7,500
Business/ industry 146,000 10,500 12,000 4,000 94,000 9,000 46,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 60,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 16,000 2,500 S S 1,000 500 14,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 3,000 1,500
Other educational institution 12,000 3,000 D D 5,000 2,000 S S 11,000 3,000 1,000 1,000
Government 17,000 3,000 D D 9,000 2,000 6,000 1,500 D D 11,000 2,000
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 124,000 10,500 10,000 4,500 76,000 9,500 45,000 6,500 20,000 5,500 43,000 6,000
Business/ industry 78,000 9,000 9,000 4,500 51,000 8,000 26,000 4,000 5,000 2,500 28,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 5,000 2,500 D D S S 4,000 2,500 S S S S
Other educational institution 16,000 5,000 D D 6,000 3,000 D D 15,000 5,000 7,000 3,500
Government 25,000 5,500 1,000 500 16,000 5,000 14,000 4,500 1,000 500 8,000 2,500
Physics/ astronomy 78,000 8,000 18,000 3,500 41,000 5,500 32,000 4,500 12,000 3,000 14,000 3,500
Business/ industry 57,000 6,500 15,000 3,500 33,000 5,000 22,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 11,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 10,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 1,000 500 7,000 1,500 4,000 2,000 1,000 500
Other educational institution 6,000 2,000 D D 3,000 1,500 S S 3,000 1,500 D D
Government 6,000 2,500 S S 4,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 D D 1,000 500
Other physical sciences 26,000 5,500 D D 11,000 3,000 11,000 4,000 S S 16,000 5,000
Business/ industry 19,000 5,000 D D 9,000 3,000 7,000 4,000 D D 13,000 4,000
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D S S D D
Government S S D D D D 1,000 1,000 D D D D
Social sciences 3,644,000 91,000 153,000 14,000 2,670,000 73,000 599,000 26,500 489,000 25,000 1,340,000 46,000
Business/ industry 2,650,000 75,500 115,000 10,500 2,114,000 66,000 421,000 23,000 172,000 15,500 939,000 35,500
4-year college/ university 163,000 13,500 9,000 4,000 93,000 10,500 50,000 6,000 29,000 4,500 60,000 9,000
Other educational institution 304,000 18,500 3,000 1,500 95,000 9,500 43,000 8,000 241,000 17,000 81,000 10,000
Government 528,000 24,500 26,000 7,000 367,000 20,500 86,000 10,000 46,000 7,000 260,000 17,500
Economics 670,000 29,500 34,000 5,000 556,000 27,000 112,000 11,000 22,000 4,000 216,000 17,000
Business/ industry 596,000 28,000 31,000 5,000 511,000 26,000 104,000 11,000 9,000 2,500 189,000 16,000
4-year college/ university 15,000 4,000 S S 10,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 1,000
Other educational institution 10,000 2,500 D D 6,000 2,000 S S 5,000 2,000 S S
Government 48,000 7,000 2,000 1,000 28,000 4,500 4,000 1,500 S S 22,000 6,000
Political/ related sciences 662,000 26,000 32,000 6,500 509,000 22,500 120,000 11,000 47,000 5,500 250,000 17,500
Business/ industry 504,000 24,000 28,000 6,000 409,000 20,500 87,000 10,000 16,000 3,000 182,000 15,000
4-year college/ university 28,000 4,500 D D 18,000 4,000 8,000 2,000 5,000 1,500 13,000 3,500
Other educational institution 29,000 5,000 D D 14,000 3,500 1,000 500 21,000 4,000 8,000 3,500
Government 101,000 9,500 S S 68,000 8,500 23,000 5,000 6,000 3,000 48,000 7,500
Psychology 1,271,000 45,500 29,000 5,500 867,000 37,500 194,000 14,500 244,000 17,500 497,000 24,500
Business/ industry 880,000 37,000 21,000 5,000 669,000 33,000 120,000 10,500 102,000 13,500 329,000 19,500
4-year college/ university 68,000 8,000 S S 29,000 5,000 24,000 5,000 11,000 3,000 31,000 6,500
Other educational institution 136,000 12,000 D D 37,000 5,500 20,000 4,500 103,000 9,000 37,000 6,000
Government 187,000 15,500 6,000 2,500 132,000 13,500 29,000 6,500 27,000 6,000 99,000 11,000
Sociology/ anthropology 667,000 28,000 42,000 8,500 464,000 22,500 94,000 10,000 112,000 11,500 259,000 17,000
Business/ industry 427,000 22,000 22,000 4,500 331,000 18,500 63,000 8,500 29,000 5,500 162,000 13,500
4-year college/ university 29,000 5,000 S S 21,000 4,500 7,000 2,000 5,000 2,000 7,000 2,500
Other educational institution 80,000 9,500 D D 19,000 4,500 10,000 3,500 69,000 10,000 25,000 6,000
Government 131,000 12,500 14,000 6,000 94,000 10,500 13,000 4,000 9,000 3,000 64,000 8,500
Other social sciences 374,000 21,000 15,000 3,500 273,000 17,500 80,000 10,000 65,000 9,500 118,000 12,000
Business/ industry 242,000 15,000 13,000 3,000 194,000 14,000 46,000 7,500 16,000 4,000 76,000 9,000
4-year college/ university 22,000 5,500 S S 14,000 5,000 7,000 3,000 5,000 2,000 6,000 3,500
Other educational institution 50,000 9,000 D D 19,000 4,500 10,000 5,000 43,000 8,500 8,000 3,000
Government 60,000 8,000 S S 46,000 7,500 17,000 4,500 S S 27,000 6,000
Engineering 1,999,000 40,500 352,000 16,000 1,270,000 34,000 860,000 24,500 86,000 9,000 534,000 20,000
Business/ industry 1,666,000 35,000 317,000 16,000 1,073,000 29,500 736,000 21,000 38,000 5,500 445,000 17,500
4-year college/ university 45,000 5,000 12,000 3,000 10,000 3,000 32,000 4,000 7,000 2,000 6,000 2,000
Other educational institution 38,000 6,500 4,000 1,500 13,000 4,500 4,000 1,500 28,000 6,000 10,000 3,500
Government 250,000 15,000 19,000 3,500 175,000 12,500 88,000 8,000 13,000 4,500 72,000 8,000
Aerospace/ related engineering 93,000 11,000 7,000 2,000 57,000 10,000 34,000 5,500 11,000 3,500 35,000 6,500
Business/ industry 62,000 8,000 6,000 2,000 37,000 7,000 26,000 4,000 5,000 2,500 24,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 1,000 500 D D * * 1,000 500 D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D D D D D
Government 29,000 8,000 S S 18,000 7,000 7,000 3,500 D D 12,000 5,000
Chemical engineering 136,000 9,000 11,000 2,500 94,000 8,500 59,000 4,500 5,000 2,000 42,000 4,500
Business/ industry 121,000 9,000 10,000 2,500 89,000 8,000 52,000 4,500 S S 38,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 5,000 1,500 S S D D 4,000 1,500 D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D S S D D
Government 7,000 1,500 D D 4,000 1,500 3,000 1,000 D D 3,000 1,500
Civil/ architectural engineering 318,000 15,000 20,000 4,000 246,000 13,500 107,000 7,500 10,000 3,000 91,000 9,000
Business/ industry 228,000 11,500 12,000 3,000 174,000 11,000 77,000 5,000 6,000 2,500 72,000 8,500
4-year college/ university 5,000 2,000 D D S S 1,000 500 S S D D
Other educational institution 1,000 500 D D D D D D 1,000 500 D D
Government 84,000 7,500 6,000 2,000 70,000 7,000 29,000 4,500 S S 18,000 3,000
Electrical/ computer engineering 662,000 21,500 241,000 14,000 341,000 15,500 319,000 14,000 24,000 5,000 145,000 10,500
Business/ industry 585,000 20,000 227,000 14,000 306,000 15,000 285,000 13,000 12,000 3,000 123,000 10,500
4-year college/ university 13,000 2,500 6,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 8,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 3,000 1,500
Other educational institution 11,000 3,000 D D 3,000 1,000 S S 7,000 2,500 5,000 2,000
Government 53,000 5,500 7,000 2,000 28,000 4,000 25,000 4,000 D D 15,000 3,000
Industrial engineering 138,000 10,000 14,000 3,000 111,000 9,500 42,000 5,000 10,000 4,000 35,000 5,000
Business/ industry 120,000 9,000 11,000 3,000 97,000 8,500 40,000 4,500 2,000 1,500 33,000 5,000
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution 8,000 4,000 D D S S D D S S D D
Government 9,000 3,000 D D 8,000 3,000 1,000 500 D D S S
Mechanical engineering 420,000 18,000 39,000 5,000 274,000 14,000 214,000 11,500 16,000 4,000 109,000 9,000
Business/ industry 369,000 16,500 32,000 4,000 246,000 13,000 191,000 10,500 8,000 2,500 95,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 8,000 2,500 S S 1,000 500 7,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 D D
Other educational institution 7,000 3,000 D D S S D D 3,000 1,500 D D
Government 36,000 5,000 S S 24,000 4,000 16,000 3,000 D D 11,000 3,000
Other engineering 231,000 12,500 21,000 5,500 148,000 9,500 85,000 6,500 11,000 3,500 76,000 7,000
Business/ industry 181,000 10,500 18,000 5,000 123,000 9,000 64,000 5,500 S S 60,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 11,000 2,500 S S S S 9,000 2,500 S S D D
Other educational institution 8,000 3,500 D D D D D D 6,000 3,000 D D
Government 31,000 5,000 1,000 500 22,000 4,500 9,000 2,000 D D 13,000 3,500
S&E-related field 2,942,000 72,000 132,000 14,500 1,436,000 45,500 524,000 28,500 646,000 31,000 1,893,000 50,500
Business/ industry 2,304,000 61,500 116,000 14,500 1,179,000 42,500 417,000 25,000 366,000 22,000 1,523,000 44,000
4-year college/ university 156,000 13,500 9,000 3,000 42,000 7,000 31,000 6,000 55,000 7,500 113,000 11,000
Other educational institution 236,000 15,500 S S 82,000 8,500 31,000 5,000 194,000 15,000 82,000 9,000
Government 246,000 16,500 5,000 1,500 133,000 12,500 45,000 8,000 31,000 6,000 175,000 15,000
Health 2,138,000 57,500 48,000 11,500 926,000 36,500 282,000 21,500 496,000 24,500 1,612,000 47,000
Business/ industry 1,687,000 51,000 42,000 11,500 750,000 34,500 216,000 18,000 341,000 20,500 1,298,000 41,500
4-year college/ university 137,000 12,500 S S 34,000 6,500 25,000 5,500 50,000 7,500 108,000 11,000
Other educational institution 105,000 9,500 D D 30,000 4,500 9,000 2,500 76,000 9,500 51,000 7,000
Government 209,000 16,000 1,000 1,000 113,000 12,500 33,000 7,000 30,000 6,000 154,000 14,500
Science/ mathematics teacher education 183,000 14,500 3,000 2,000 91,000 9,500 34,000 6,000 115,000 11,000 56,000 9,000
Business/ industry 57,000 9,000 S S 40,000 7,000 10,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 26,000 6,500
4-year college/ university 5,000 2,500 D D D D 2,000 1,000 2,000 1,000 D D
Other educational institution 116,000 11,000 S S 48,000 7,000 20,000 4,000 107,000 10,500 24,000 6,000
Government 5,000 2,000 D D 2,000 1,500 D D D D S S
Technology/ technical fields 366,000 22,000 74,000 8,500 244,000 17,500 98,000 8,000 16,000 4,000 135,000 15,500
Business/ industry 335,000 21,500 67,000 8,000 230,000 17,500 90,000 8,000 9,000 2,500 123,000 15,000
4-year college/ university 6,000 2,000 4,000 2,000 S S S S D D D D
Other educational institution 9,000 3,000 D D 3,000 1,500 2,000 1,000 6,000 3,000 2,000 1,000
Government 15,000 3,000 3,000 1,500 9,000 2,000 4,000 1,500 D D 10,000 2,500
Other S&E-related fields 255,000 17,000 6,000 2,500 173,000 14,000 110,000 10,000 19,000 6,000 90,000 10,000
Business/ industry 225,000 16,500 6,000 2,000 159,000 14,000 100,000 9,500 11,000 5,000 76,000 9,000
4-year college/ university 6,000 2,000 D D 5,000 2,000 S S 3,000 1,000 D D
Other educational institution 6,000 3,000 D D D D D D S S D D
Government 17,000 4,000 D D 8,000 2,500 7,000 3,000 D D 8,000 3,000
Non-S&E field 1,558,000 67,000 314,000 22,000 824,000 41,500 446,000 30,000 304,000 33,000 565,000 34,500
Business/ industry 1,057,000 48,500 265,000 20,000 587,000 31,500 327,000 22,000 76,000 10,500 420,000 28,500
4-year college/ university 66,000 10,000 9,000 2,000 33,000 8,000 22,000 5,000 9,000 4,000 33,000 7,000
Other educational institution 244,000 33,000 12,000 3,500 90,000 16,500 36,000 11,000 216,000 32,000 42,000 9,000
Government 190,000 19,500 29,000 6,000 115,000 15,500 61,000 10,500 3,000 1,500 70,000 10,000
Art/ humanities fields 399,000 26,500 86,000 10,500 204,000 18,500 117,000 12,500 99,000 16,000 137,000 14,500
Business/ industry 243,000 19,000 74,000 9,500 106,000 11,500 82,000 9,500 31,000 8,000 99,000 13,000
4-year college/ university 12,000 3,500 S S 6,000 2,500 4,000 1,500 D D 6,000 3,000
Other educational institution 74,000 14,000 5,000 2,000 31,000 9,000 7,000 2,500 67,000 14,000 S S
Government 71,000 11,500 5,000 2,000 60,000 11,000 24,000 7,500 D D 27,000 7,000
Education, except science/ math teacher education 188,000 25,000 10,000 4,000 72,000 11,000 48,000 11,500 114,000 23,500 62,000 10,000
Business/ industry 66,000 9,500 5,000 2,500 40,000 7,000 20,000 5,000 S S 36,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 4,000 2,000 D D S S D D D D S S
Other educational institution 112,000 23,500 D D 30,000 9,500 27,000 10,500 108,000 23,500 18,000 6,500
Government S S D D 1,000 1,000 S S D D S S
Management/ administration 567,000 33,500 159,000 13,500 315,000 21,500 153,000 13,500 47,000 11,000 215,000 20,500
Business/ industry 469,000 27,500 133,000 12,000 271,000 19,000 127,000 12,500 20,000 4,500 193,000 19,500
4-year college/ university 16,000 4,500 3,000 1,500 7,000 3,000 8,000 3,000 D D S S
Other educational institution 31,000 10,000 5,000 3,000 14,000 5,500 D D 25,000 10,000 3,000 2,000
Government 51,000 9,500 17,000 4,500 23,000 6,000 17,000 5,000 S S 16,000 4,500
Sales/ marketing 35,000 7,500 6,000 2,500 23,000 6,000 21,000 6,000 S S 5,000 2,500
Business/ industry 28,000 6,000 6,000 2,500 22,000 6,000 16,000 4,500 S S 4,000 2,500
4-year college/ university D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other educational institution D D D D D D D D D D D D
Government 1,000 500 D D * * * * D D * *
Social service/ related 50,000 7,000 14,000 3,500 28,000 5,500 12,000 3,500 5,000 2,000 17,000 4,500
Business/ industry 42,000 7,000 12,000 3,500 25,000 5,000 9,000 3,000 S S 14,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 5,000 2,000 D D S S D D D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government S S D D D D D D D D D D
Other non-S&E field 318,000 25,000 39,000 6,500 182,000 19,000 96,000 11,000 31,000 7,500 129,000 15,500
Business/ industry 210,000 17,500 34,000 6,000 123,000 13,500 73,000 10,000 15,000 4,000 74,000 10,500
4-year college/ university 24,000 6,500 S S 16,000 7,000 4,000 2,000 D D 19,000 6,500
Other educational institution 25,000 8,000 D D 14,000 6,500 D D 14,000 6,000 15,000 6,500
Government 59,000 10,000 2,000 1,500 29,000 7,500 19,000 4,500 1,000 500 22,000 5,500

Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 1,000. Standard errors for numbers are rounded up to the nearest 500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2013.
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 24 February 2015.