Table 12-1. Median annual salary of employed U.S. scientists and engineers at all degree levels, by broad field of highest degree, employment sector, and primary or secondary work activity: 2013 |
Field of highest degree and employment sector | Primary or secondary work activity | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employed scientists and engineers | Computer applications | Management, sales, administration | Research and development | Teaching | Other | |||||||
Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | |
All fields | 65,000 | 500 | 85,000 | 500 | 70,000 | 500 | 71,000 | 2,000 | 50,000 | 500 | 60,000 | 500 |
Business/ industry | 71,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 500 | 75,000 | 500 | 80,000 | 500 | 55,000 | 1,500 | 62,000 | 2,000 |
4-year college/ university | 51,000 | 1,500 | 52,000 | 3,500 | 56,000 | 3,500 | 49,000 | 2,000 | 60,000 | 2,500 | 54,000 | 1,500 |
Other educational institution | 48,000 | 500 | 56,000 | 4,000 | 50,000 | 500 | 47,000 | 2,500 | 47,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 1,500 |
Government | 70,000 | 1,500 | 72,000 | 2,500 | 73,000 | 2,000 | 72,000 | 2,000 | 63,000 | 5,000 | 64,000 | 1,500 |
S&E field | 65,000 | 1,000 | 88,000 | 1,500 | 68,000 | 1,000 | 75,000 | 500 | 43,000 | 1,500 | 51,000 | 2,500 |
Business/ industry | 70,000 | 500 | 91,000 | 2,000 | 70,000 | 500 | 82,000 | 1,500 | 40,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 2,500 |
4-year college/ university | 45,000 | 1,000 | 50,000 | 4,500 | 53,000 | 3,500 | 43,000 | 2,000 | 53,000 | 2,000 | 45,000 | 2,000 |
Other educational institution | 40,000 | 1,500 | 56,000 | 2,500 | 44,000 | 2,000 | 43,000 | 3,500 | 39,000 | 2,000 | 48,000 | 3,500 |
Government | 69,000 | 2,000 | 75,000 | 2,000 | 73,000 | 2,500 | 75,000 | 1,000 | 53,000 | 5,000 | 59,000 | 2,500 |
Science | 56,000 | 1,500 | 85,000 | 1,500 | 60,000 | 500 | 64,000 | 2,000 | 40,000 | 2,500 | 48,000 | 1,000 |
Business/ industry | 60,000 | 500 | 90,000 | 1,000 | 60,000 | 500 | 75,000 | 2,500 | 35,000 | 4,000 | 46,000 | 2,000 |
4-year college/ university | 45,000 | 1,000 | 50,000 | 4,000 | 51,000 | 3,500 | 44,000 | 3,000 | 53,000 | 1,500 | 43,000 | 3,500 |
Other educational institution | 40,000 | 1,500 | 51,000 | 8,500 | 44,000 | 2,000 | 43,000 | 4,000 | 39,000 | 2,000 | 48,000 | 3,000 |
Government | 62,000 | 2,000 | 74,000 | 3,500 | 65,000 | 1,500 | 65,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 500 | 53,000 | 2,000 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 50,000 | 500 | 62,000 | 9,500 | 58,000 | 3,500 | 53,000 | 2,500 | 45,000 | 2,000 | 46,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 52,000 | 2,500 | 79,000 | 6,000 | 55,000 | 3,500 | 63,000 | 5,000 | 43,000 | 5,500 | 44,000 | 2,000 |
4-year college/ university | 46,000 | 1,500 | 42,000 | 4,500 | 54,000 | 5,500 | 43,000 | 2,000 | 60,000 | 2,000 | 46,000 | 2,000 |
Other educational institution | 39,000 | 4,000 | 45,000 | 5,500 | 40,000 | 1,000 | 37,000 | 10,000 | 39,000 | 4,000 | 29,000 | 4,000 |
Government | 63,000 | 3,500 | 60,000 | 3,000 | 73,000 | 3,000 | 61,000 | 4,000 | 49,000 | 1,500 | 58,000 | 5,500 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 50,000 | 2,500 | 56,000 | 6,500 | 59,000 | 9,500 | 60,000 | 5,500 | 40,000 | 5,500 | 39,000 | 5,000 |
Business/ industry | 49,000 | 1,500 | 83,000 | 9,000 | 50,000 | 6,500 | 65,000 | 4,000 | 29,000 | 11,000 | 37,000 | 5,000 |
4-year college/ university | 49,000 | 1,000 | S | S | 49,000 | 6,500 | 49,000 | 2,500 | 69,000 | 3,000 | 34,000 | 2,500 |
Other educational institution | 40,000 | 14,000 | D | D | S | S | S | S | 39,000 | 18,000 | S | S |
Government | 79,000 | 9,500 | S | S | 82,000 | 4,000 | 70,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 50,000 | 4,500 |
Biological sciences | 50,000 | 500 | 69,000 | 5,500 | 57,000 | 4,000 | 50,000 | 3,000 | 45,000 | 1,500 | 46,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 52,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 8,000 | 58,000 | 4,000 | 60,000 | 4,500 | 49,000 | 8,000 | 45,000 | 2,000 |
4-year college/ university | 46,000 | 1,000 | 39,000 | 6,500 | 58,000 | 6,500 | 42,000 | 2,000 | 60,000 | 2,500 | 46,000 | 3,000 |
Other educational institution | 36,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 39,000 | 1,500 | 35,000 | 9,000 | 39,000 | 5,500 | 28,000 | 4,000 |
Government | 60,000 | 2,500 | 66,000 | 3,000 | 67,000 | 5,500 | 60,000 | 2,500 | 49,000 | 4,000 | 53,000 | 4,500 |
Environmental life sciences | 58,000 | 4,500 | 54,000 | 21,500 | 60,000 | 4,000 | 63,000 | 5,500 | 49,000 | 1,500 | 58,000 | 6,000 |
Business/ industry | 51,000 | 4,500 | 68,000 | 13,500 | 51,000 | 5,000 | 76,000 | 12,000 | 59,000 | 11,000 | 44,000 | 8,000 |
4-year college/ university | 30,000 | 8,000 | 43,000 | 1,500 | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Other educational institution | 49,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 51,000 | 19,000 | S | S | 60,000 | 12,000 | D | D |
Government | 69,000 | 8,000 | S | S | 76,000 | 4,500 | 64,000 | 5,500 | 49,000 | 500 | 65,000 | 8,000 |
Computer/ mathematical sciences | 80,000 | 500 | 90,000 | 500 | 80,000 | 500 | 83,000 | 2,500 | 45,000 | 2,500 | 70,000 | 5,500 |
Business/ industry | 85,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 1,500 | 86,000 | 4,000 | 89,000 | 3,000 | 48,000 | 3,000 | 72,000 | 4,000 |
4-year college/ university | 50,000 | 2,000 | 59,000 | 3,500 | 57,000 | 6,500 | 52,000 | 4,000 | 47,000 | 9,500 | 54,000 | 4,500 |
Other educational institution | 46,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 12,000 | 49,000 | 3,000 | 46,000 | 1,500 | 45,000 | 3,000 | 74,000 | 17,000 |
Government | 80,000 | 7,000 | 80,000 | 4,000 | 86,000 | 9,500 | 82,000 | 7,000 | 50,000 | 6,000 | 59,000 | 6,500 |
Computer/ information sciences | 85,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 500 | 89,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 3,000 | 75,000 | 3,000 |
Business/ industry | 90,000 | 2,000 | 94,000 | 2,500 | 92,000 | 3,500 | 88,000 | 3,000 | 58,000 | 4,500 | 75,000 | 3,500 |
4-year college/ university | 54,000 | 2,500 | 61,000 | 4,000 | 58,000 | 6,500 | 55,000 | 4,000 | 58,000 | 9,500 | 55,000 | 5,000 |
Other educational institution | 45,000 | 6,500 | 52,000 | 9,500 | 55,000 | 11,000 | 51,000 | 10,000 | 34,000 | 2,000 | 67,000 | 22,000 |
Government | 76,000 | 4,500 | 78,000 | 4,500 | 82,000 | 10,000 | 79,000 | 6,000 | 46,000 | 9,000 | 71,000 | 20,500 |
Mathematics/ statistics | 60,000 | 3,500 | 94,000 | 2,000 | 63,000 | 3,500 | 75,000 | 3,500 | 43,000 | 4,000 | 60,000 | 6,500 |
Business/ industry | 75,000 | 5,500 | 95,000 | 6,500 | 65,000 | 2,500 | 95,000 | 5,000 | S | S | 60,000 | 6,000 |
4-year college/ university | 38,000 | 4,500 | 42,000 | 12,500 | 52,000 | 18,500 | 41,000 | 8,000 | 35,000 | 5,500 | 37,000 | 16,000 |
Other educational institution | 46,000 | 1,500 | 36,000 | 15,000 | 47,000 | 5,500 | 44,000 | 4,000 | 46,000 | 2,500 | 75,000 | 21,500 |
Government | 85,000 | 12,000 | 89,000 | 8,500 | 96,000 | 19,500 | 93,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 51,000 | 14,500 |
Physical sciences | 66,000 | 3,000 | 80,000 | 8,500 | 75,000 | 5,500 | 75,000 | 1,000 | 51,000 | 3,000 | 55,000 | 4,000 |
Business/ industry | 75,000 | 2,000 | 94,000 | 8,000 | 80,000 | 6,500 | 85,000 | 4,000 | 62,000 | 8,000 | 55,000 | 7,000 |
4-year college/ university | 46,000 | 3,500 | 40,000 | 5,500 | 89,000 | 9,500 | 45,000 | 3,000 | 60,000 | 6,000 | 33,000 | 5,000 |
Other educational institution | 42,000 | 5,500 | 47,000 | 6,500 | 45,000 | 11,000 | 56,000 | 8,500 | 42,000 | 6,500 | 36,000 | 500 |
Government | 70,000 | 6,500 | 60,000 | 9,500 | 75,000 | 8,000 | 75,000 | 9,500 | 51,000 | 14,500 | 62,000 | 6,000 |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 65,000 | 3,500 | 80,000 | 11,000 | 80,000 | 4,000 | 73,000 | 4,000 | 55,000 | 5,000 | 56,000 | 4,000 |
Business/ industry | 75,000 | 4,500 | 92,000 | 15,000 | 89,000 | 9,000 | 83,000 | 3,500 | 61,000 | 2,000 | 60,000 | 6,500 |
4-year college/ university | 39,000 | 5,000 | 47,000 | 13,500 | 66,000 | 5,500 | 31,000 | 4,500 | 57,000 | 2,000 | 31,000 | 3,500 |
Other educational institution | 46,000 | 7,500 | D | D | 62,000 | 10,000 | 60,000 | 4,000 | 46,000 | 7,500 | 45,000 | 12,000 |
Government | 69,000 | 3,000 | 49,000 | 1,000 | 81,000 | 6,000 | 83,000 | 3,000 | * | * | 55,000 | 4,000 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences | 62,000 | 4,000 | 59,000 | 14,000 | 69,000 | 6,500 | 70,000 | 4,000 | 39,000 | 16,500 | 55,000 | 7,000 |
Business/ industry | 70,000 | 7,500 | S | S | 75,000 | 5,500 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 55,000 | 19,000 | 60,000 | 8,500 |
4-year college/ university | 70,000 | 11,000 | 43,000 | 2,500 | 129,000 | 19,500 | 71,000 | 14,000 | 71,000 | 8,000 | S | S |
Other educational institution | 37,000 | 1,000 | D | D | 38,000 | 8,500 | 48,000 | 1,500 | 37,000 | 1,000 | 35,000 | 500 |
Government | 62,000 | 6,500 | 59,000 | 10,500 | 61,000 | 9,500 | 59,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 63,000 | 5,500 |
Physics/ astronomy | 76,000 | 5,000 | 94,000 | 6,500 | 92,000 | 9,000 | 85,000 | 6,000 | 54,000 | 7,000 | 61,000 | 16,000 |
Business/ industry | 95,000 | 6,500 | 100,000 | 8,000 | 97,000 | 5,500 | 100,000 | 6,500 | 87,000 | 25,000 | 79,000 | 21,000 |
4-year college/ university | 49,000 | 5,500 | 34,000 | 4,000 | 88,000 | 10,000 | 54,000 | 8,000 | 59,000 | 11,500 | 36,000 | 9,500 |
Other educational institution | 48,000 | 7,500 | S | S | 50,000 | 11,000 | 50,000 | 3,000 | 49,000 | 5,500 | 30,000 | 3,500 |
Government | 97,000 | 8,500 | 111,000 | 22,500 | 96,000 | 11,500 | 108,000 | 1,500 | * | * | 89,000 | 11,000 |
Other physical sciences | 50,000 | 4,500 | S | S | 50,000 | 11,000 | S | S | 76,000 | 28,500 | S | S |
Business/ industry | 43,000 | 15,000 | S | S | 50,000 | 3,500 | 26,000 | 2,000 | S | S | 29,000 | 500 |
4-year college/ university | 60,000 | 9,500 | D | D | * | * | 53,000 | 13,500 | * | * | D | D |
Other educational institution | S | S | D | D | S | S | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Government | 140,000 | 67,500 | D | D | 83,000 | 6,500 | 84,000 | 2,500 | D | D | S | S |
Social sciences | 48,000 | 2,000 | 65,000 | 3,000 | 52,000 | 1,000 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 36,000 | 3,000 | 43,000 | 2,000 |
Business/ industry | 50,000 | 2,000 | 68,000 | 5,500 | 52,000 | 1,500 | 51,000 | 2,500 | 30,000 | 2,000 | 40,000 | 2,500 |
4-year college/ university | 42,000 | 2,000 | 26,000 | 8,000 | 45,000 | 1,500 | 45,000 | 3,000 | 51,000 | 2,000 | 38,000 | 6,000 |
Other educational institution | 39,000 | 2,500 | 56,000 | 12,500 | 41,000 | 3,000 | 39,000 | 2,000 | 35,000 | 2,000 | 48,000 | 500 |
Government | 55,000 | 2,000 | 68,000 | 5,500 | 58,000 | 4,000 | 61,000 | 3,500 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 51,000 | 2,500 |
Economics | 64,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 6,000 | 67,000 | 5,000 | 72,000 | 6,000 | 50,000 | 6,500 | 58,000 | 7,500 |
Business/ industry | 65,000 | 4,000 | 93,000 | 8,500 | 70,000 | 3,000 | 68,000 | 8,000 | 50,000 | 17,500 | 59,000 | 5,000 |
4-year college/ university | 47,000 | 11,500 | S | S | 44,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 10,000 | 74,000 | 7,500 | S | S |
Other educational institution | 38,000 | 9,000 | D | D | 50,000 | 7,000 | 24,000 | 2,000 | 36,000 | 7,000 | S | S |
Government | 61,000 | 8,000 | 62,000 | 19,500 | 64,000 | 2,000 | 87,000 | 4,000 | S | S | 50,000 | 13,500 |
Political/ related sciences | 55,000 | 2,500 | 52,000 | 9,500 | 59,000 | 1,000 | 53,000 | 3,500 | 42,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 3,000 |
Business/ industry | 55,000 | 1,500 | 57,000 | 14,500 | 59,000 | 2,500 | 52,000 | 6,000 | 44,000 | 8,500 | 50,000 | 2,000 |
4-year college/ university | 38,000 | 5,500 | S | S | 37,000 | 5,500 | 42,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 6,500 | 32,000 | 2,500 |
Other educational institution | 35,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 32,000 | 8,000 | 53,000 | 16,000 | 39,000 | 3,500 | 34,000 | 1,500 |
Government | 63,000 | 4,000 | 45,000 | 6,500 | 70,000 | 3,000 | 59,000 | 5,500 | 38,000 | 9,500 | 62,000 | 12,000 |
Psychology | 42,000 | 2,000 | 51,000 | 13,500 | 47,000 | 2,500 | 45,000 | 2,000 | 34,000 | 2,000 | 41,000 | 2,000 |
Business/ industry | 40,000 | 2,000 | 51,000 | 14,500 | 45,000 | 2,000 | 42,000 | 5,500 | 30,000 | 3,500 | 37,000 | 2,000 |
4-year college/ university | 41,000 | 3,500 | 42,000 | 2,500 | 48,000 | 5,500 | 45,000 | 2,500 | 51,000 | 1,500 | 39,000 | 1,000 |
Other educational institution | 40,000 | 1,500 | S | S | 49,000 | 4,000 | 39,000 | 4,000 | 34,000 | 1,500 | 52,000 | 3,500 |
Government | 50,000 | 500 | 60,000 | 21,500 | 50,000 | 2,000 | 48,000 | 5,500 | 49,000 | 4,500 | 51,000 | 3,000 |
Sociology/ anthropology | 45,000 | 1,500 | 57,000 | 12,000 | 47,000 | 3,000 | 46,000 | 5,500 | 39,000 | 5,500 | 40,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 42,000 | 3,500 | 54,000 | 2,000 | 45,000 | 3,000 | 49,000 | 7,500 | 25,000 | 10,000 | 38,000 | 2,500 |
4-year college/ university | 42,000 | 5,500 | S | S | 42,000 | 8,000 | 44,000 | 8,000 | 55,000 | 5,000 | 45,000 | 10,000 |
Other educational institution | 36,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 29,000 | 9,000 | 33,000 | 6,000 | 39,000 | 15,000 | 48,000 | 2,000 |
Government | 53,000 | 3,500 | 75,000 | 3,500 | 55,000 | 6,500 | 64,000 | 14,000 | 63,000 | 8,500 | 45,000 | 3,000 |
Other social sciences | 44,000 | 3,500 | 58,000 | 8,000 | 48,000 | 4,500 | 46,000 | 8,500 | 30,000 | 2,000 | 41,000 | 4,000 |
Business/ industry | 41,000 | 4,500 | 59,000 | 13,000 | 43,000 | 5,500 | 45,000 | 9,000 | 15,000 | 4,500 | 40,000 | 9,000 |
4-year college/ university | 34,000 | 5,500 | S | S | 55,000 | 9,000 | 28,000 | 7,500 | 27,000 | 10,500 | 31,000 | 5,000 |
Other educational institution | 31,000 | 2,000 | S | S | 35,000 | 8,500 | 40,000 | 18,000 | 31,000 | 1,500 | 30,000 | 7,500 |
Government | 65,000 | 4,500 | 60,000 | 10,500 | 60,000 | 11,500 | 66,000 | 16,000 | 64,000 | 6,000 | 64,000 | 7,000 |
Engineering | 90,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 94,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 500 | 68,000 | 3,000 | 80,000 | 2,000 |
Business/ industry | 91,000 | 2,000 | 94,000 | 3,000 | 95,000 | 1,000 | 94,000 | 2,000 | 89,000 | 1,000 | 80,000 | 1,000 |
4-year college/ university | 42,000 | 5,500 | 48,000 | 9,500 | 79,000 | 7,500 | 33,000 | 3,000 | 64,000 | 8,000 | 53,000 | 10,000 |
Other educational institution | 43,000 | 4,500 | 57,000 | 1,500 | 56,000 | 5,000 | 43,000 | 19,500 | 43,000 | 3,500 | 36,000 | 10,500 |
Government | 89,000 | 1,500 | 82,000 | 6,000 | 92,000 | 3,500 | 89,000 | 1,000 | 89,000 | 1,000 | 82,000 | 1,500 |
Aerospace/ related engineering | 89,000 | 8,500 | 85,000 | 11,500 | 89,000 | 13,500 | 100,000 | 5,000 | 100,000 | 3,500 | 65,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 92,000 | 9,500 | 92,000 | 11,500 | 79,000 | 19,000 | 109,000 | 3,000 | 94,000 | 10,000 | 80,000 | 26,500 |
4-year college/ university | 34,000 | 10,500 | S | S | 74,000 | 23,500 | 28,000 | 8,500 | 72,000 | 14,500 | * | * |
Other educational institution | S | S | D | D | S | S | * | * | S | S | D | D |
Government | 75,000 | 25,500 | S | S | 93,000 | 9,000 | 75,000 | 18,000 | S | S | 54,000 | 500 |
Chemical engineering | 93,000 | 4,000 | 96,000 | 9,000 | 100,000 | 3,000 | 93,000 | 4,500 | S | S | 90,000 | 6,000 |
Business/ industry | 100,000 | 1,000 | 99,000 | 4,500 | 103,000 | 4,000 | 99,000 | 1,000 | 111,000 | 11,500 | 95,000 | 8,000 |
4-year college/ university | 29,000 | 2,000 | 24,000 | 4,000 | 57,000 | 23,500 | 29,000 | 2,500 | 77,000 | 19,500 | S | S |
Other educational institution | 34,000 | 5,500 | D | D | S | S | D | D | 34,000 | 5,500 | D | D |
Government | 72,000 | 11,000 | 78,000 | 14,000 | 59,000 | 10,500 | 80,000 | 17,500 | D | D | 69,000 | 21,500 |
Civil/ architectural engineering | 80,000 | 2,000 | 74,000 | 9,000 | 85,000 | 1,500 | 77,000 | 3,000 | 69,000 | 20,000 | 72,000 | 5,000 |
Business/ industry | 79,000 | 3,500 | 89,000 | 12,000 | 83,000 | 3,500 | 74,000 | 1,000 | 86,000 | 16,000 | 70,000 | 2,500 |
4-year college/ university | 31,000 | 12,500 | S | S | 78,000 | 31,000 | 30,000 | 2,500 | 25,000 | 8,000 | S | S |
Other educational institution | 42,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | S | S | 43,000 | 8,500 | D | D |
Government | 87,000 | 2,500 | 73,000 | 8,000 | 89,000 | 2,000 | 85,000 | 500 | S | S | 84,000 | 4,500 |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 95,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 2,500 | 100,000 | 500 | 100,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 19,500 | 80,000 | 3,000 |
Business/ industry | 99,000 | 2,500 | 96,000 | 2,500 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 89,000 | 8,500 | 81,000 | 5,500 |
4-year college/ university | 71,000 | 8,000 | 73,000 | 7,500 | 85,000 | 1,000 | 59,000 | 17,000 | 83,000 | 6,500 | S | S |
Other educational institution | 35,000 | 17,500 | D | D | 56,000 | 2,000 | S | S | S | S | 52,000 | 3,000 |
Government | 90,000 | 3,000 | 81,000 | 3,500 | 103,000 | 6,500 | 91,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 82,000 | 6,500 |
Industrial engineering | 79,000 | 2,000 | 85,000 | 6,000 | 81,000 | 4,000 | 79,000 | 3,000 | 66,000 | 11,500 | 72,000 | 6,000 |
Business/ industry | 83,000 | 4,000 | 85,000 | 9,500 | 85,000 | 3,000 | 81,000 | 5,000 | 99,000 | 9,000 | 72,000 | 6,000 |
4-year college/ university | 38,000 | 14,000 | * | * | S | S | 37,000 | 10,500 | 68,000 | 28,500 | * | * |
Other educational institution | 57,000 | 5,000 | D | D | S | S | S | S | 57,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Government | 78,000 | 5,500 | S | S | 78,000 | 9,500 | 97,000 | 10,500 | D | D | 64,000 | 26,500 |
Mechanical engineering | 87,000 | 3,000 | 80,000 | 500 | 93,000 | 3,500 | 89,000 | 1,500 | 70,000 | 9,000 | 80,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 89,000 | 2,500 | 80,000 | 1,000 | 94,000 | 3,500 | 90,000 | 500 | 74,000 | 11,000 | 80,000 | 2,500 |
4-year college/ university | 33,000 | 11,000 | 28,000 | 14,000 | 73,000 | 5,000 | 29,000 | 5,000 | 33,000 | 12,000 | S | S |
Other educational institution | 35,000 | 12,000 | D | D | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Government | 90,000 | 5,000 | S | S | 90,000 | 3,000 | 90,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 99,000 | 6,000 |
Other engineering | 89,000 | 3,500 | 85,000 | 9,000 | 100,000 | 2,500 | 84,000 | 2,000 | 57,000 | 19,000 | 85,000 | 5,000 |
Business/ industry | 94,000 | 4,000 | 86,000 | 7,500 | 100,000 | 500 | 90,000 | 5,000 | 94,000 | 3,000 | 90,000 | 7,500 |
4-year college/ university | 33,000 | 6,000 | 29,000 | 13,000 | 87,000 | 16,500 | 30,000 | 3,000 | 74,000 | 10,000 | 60,000 | 1,500 |
Other educational institution | S | S | D | D | 50,000 | 2,500 | S | S | 43,000 | 10,000 | S | S |
Government | 90,000 | 5,500 | 87,000 | 4,000 | 96,000 | 6,500 | 90,000 | 5,500 | S | S | 81,000 | 4,000 |
S&E-related field | 65,000 | 1,500 | 70,000 | 7,500 | 72,000 | 2,000 | 64,000 | 3,000 | 59,000 | 2,500 | 70,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 70,000 | 500 | 75,000 | 7,000 | 76,000 | 2,500 | 70,000 | 5,000 | 62,000 | 2,000 | 70,000 | 2,500 |
4-year college/ university | 62,000 | 2,500 | 54,000 | 6,500 | 65,000 | 6,000 | 59,000 | 3,500 | 72,000 | 3,000 | 64,000 | 4,500 |
Other educational institution | 50,000 | 500 | 49,000 | 9,000 | 50,000 | 500 | 48,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 500 | 52,000 | 2,000 |
Government | 70,000 | 2,000 | 67,000 | 2,500 | 72,000 | 4,500 | 61,000 | 6,000 | 79,000 | 4,000 | 69,000 | 2,500 |
Health | 70,000 | 1,000 | 59,000 | 9,500 | 75,000 | 1,000 | 64,000 | 3,000 | 62,000 | 1,000 | 70,000 | 1,000 |
Business/ industry | 72,000 | 1,500 | 60,000 | 12,000 | 80,000 | 500 | 66,000 | 6,500 | 63,000 | 2,500 | 74,000 | 1,500 |
4-year college/ university | 64,000 | 3,500 | 55,000 | 9,500 | 65,000 | 7,500 | 59,000 | 2,000 | 78,000 | 4,500 | 65,000 | 6,500 |
Other educational institution | 50,000 | 1,000 | 46,000 | 19,000 | 52,000 | 3,500 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 51,000 | 1,500 |
Government | 70,000 | 2,500 | 67,000 | 11,500 | 68,000 | 5,000 | 59,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 4,500 | 69,000 | 3,500 |
Science/ mathematics teacher education | 48,000 | 3,000 | 60,000 | 10,500 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 45,000 | 3,500 | 49,000 | 2,500 | 35,000 | 1,000 |
Business/ industry | 36,000 | 2,500 | 79,000 | 20,500 | 40,000 | 3,500 | 51,000 | 22,000 | 40,000 | 1,000 | 12,000 | 3,000 |
4-year college/ university | 45,000 | 10,500 | D | D | 63,000 | 5,000 | S | S | 49,000 | 5,500 | 37,000 | 4,000 |
Other educational institution | 50,000 | 500 | 53,000 | 15,500 | 50,000 | 500 | 45,000 | 3,000 | 50,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 5,000 |
Government | S | S | D | D | 56,000 | 17,500 | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Technology/ technical fields | 73,000 | 4,500 | 82,000 | 6,500 | 80,000 | 3,500 | 88,000 | 5,000 | 57,000 | 6,000 | 62,000 | 7,000 |
Business/ industry | 75,000 | 4,000 | 85,000 | 5,000 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 89,000 | 2,000 | 84,000 | 20,000 | 61,000 | 5,500 |
4-year college/ university | 55,000 | 15,500 | 45,000 | 16,500 | 49,000 | 21,000 | 42,000 | 14,000 | S | S | D | D |
Other educational institution | S | S | D | D | S | S | 51,000 | 13,500 | S | S | D | D |
Government | 73,000 | 11,500 | D | D | 78,000 | 4,500 | 84,000 | 15,000 | D | D | 68,000 | 9,500 |
Other S&E-related fields | 60,000 | 3,500 | 67,000 | 11,500 | 69,000 | 4,500 | 60,000 | 3,000 | 46,000 | 20,000 | 60,000 | 1,000 |
Business/ industry | 60,000 | 2,000 | 64,000 | 16,000 | 65,000 | 4,000 | 60,000 | 2,500 | S | S | 58,000 | 3,500 |
4-year college/ university | 36,000 | 10,500 | D | D | 67,000 | 25,000 | S | S | 24,000 | 500 | D | D |
Other educational institution | 60,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | S | S | 60,000 | 3,500 | D | D |
Government | 81,000 | 8,000 | S | S | 89,000 | 4,500 | 90,000 | 31,000 | D | D | 71,000 | 10,000 |
Non-S&E field | 65,000 | 500 | 80,000 | 2,000 | 75,000 | 1,000 | 68,000 | 2,500 | 50,000 | 500 | 62,000 | 1,500 |
Business/ industry | 77,000 | 2,500 | 84,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 3,000 | 47,000 | 4,500 | 65,000 | 1,500 |
4-year college/ university | 52,000 | 2,500 | 71,000 | 4,500 | 57,000 | 4,500 | 52,000 | 3,000 | 52,000 | 3,000 | 48,000 | 3,000 |
Other educational institution | 50,000 | 500 | 56,000 | 14,500 | 52,000 | 2,000 | 49,000 | 3,000 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 52,000 | 2,000 |
Government | 70,000 | 2,500 | 60,000 | 8,500 | 74,000 | 2,500 | 68,000 | 5,000 | 45,000 | 8,500 | 68,000 | 3,000 |
Art/ humanities fields | 50,000 | 2,000 | 65,000 | 6,500 | 50,000 | 2,000 | 61,000 | 3,500 | 50,000 | 6,000 | 40,000 | 3,000 |
Business/ industry | 52,000 | 4,500 | 65,000 | 6,000 | 52,000 | 4,500 | 64,000 | 4,000 | 48,000 | 6,000 | 35,000 | 5,500 |
4-year college/ university | 50,000 | 5,500 | 66,000 | 19,500 | 62,000 | 7,000 | 58,000 | 6,500 | 52,000 | 10,000 | 37,000 | 10,500 |
Other educational institution | 47,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 44,000 | 10,500 | 56,000 | 4,500 | 47,000 | 5,000 | 58,000 | 18,500 |
Government | 63,000 | 10,500 | 57,000 | 11,500 | 67,000 | 21,500 | S | S | D | D | 48,000 | 7,500 |
Education, except science/ math teacher education | 50,000 | 500 | 44,000 | 3,500 | 52,000 | 3,000 | 50,000 | 500 | 50,000 | 500 | 48,000 | 2,000 |
Business/ industry | 39,000 | 500 | 47,000 | 7,500 | 40,000 | 1,000 | 53,000 | 7,500 | 29,000 | 6,000 | 35,000 | 7,500 |
4-year college/ university | 48,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 49,000 | 3,500 | 47,000 | 11,000 | 40,000 | 1,500 | 47,000 | 500 |
Other educational institution | 52,000 | 3,500 | 44,000 | 2,500 | 60,000 | 2,500 | 50,000 | 2,500 | 50,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 2,500 |
Government | 46,000 | 6,500 | S | S | 52,000 | 3,000 | 65,000 | 12,500 | S | S | 43,000 | 3,500 |
Management/ administration | 86,000 | 3,000 | 87,000 | 5,000 | 100,000 | 2,500 | 84,000 | 3,000 | 48,000 | 4,000 | 72,000 | 2,500 |
Business/ industry | 93,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 2,000 | 101,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 3,500 | 65,000 | 7,500 | 75,000 | 4,500 |
4-year college/ university | 65,000 | 5,500 | 74,000 | 4,000 | 72,000 | 10,000 | 66,000 | 6,500 | 64,000 | 6,000 | 67,000 | 11,500 |
Other educational institution | 44,000 | 11,000 | 64,000 | 1,000 | 55,000 | 6,000 | S | S | 29,000 | 14,000 | 49,000 | 500 |
Government | 72,000 | 3,000 | 58,000 | 14,000 | 82,000 | 6,000 | 72,000 | 2,500 | 37,000 | 13,500 | 70,000 | 5,500 |
Sales/ marketing | 82,000 | 8,500 | 90,000 | 18,000 | 90,000 | 7,000 | 77,000 | 16,000 | S | S | 64,000 | 14,000 |
Business/ industry | 90,000 | 4,000 | 90,000 | 19,500 | 90,000 | 6,000 | 89,000 | 10,000 | 54,000 | 15,500 | 69,000 | 22,000 |
4-year college/ university | S | S | D | D | S | S | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Other educational institution | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Government | 54,000 | 10,000 | D | D | 58,000 | 27,500 | S | S | D | D | * | * |
Social service/ related | 52,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 1,000 | 57,000 | 2,500 | 53,000 | 5,500 | 48,000 | 4,000 | 50,000 | 1,000 |
Business/ industry | 50,000 | 500 | 75,000 | 10,500 | 54,000 | 3,000 | 58,000 | 8,000 | 43,000 | 4,500 | 48,000 | 3,000 |
4-year college/ university | 62,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 70,000 | 7,000 | 53,000 | 8,500 | 65,000 | 4,000 | 49,000 | 8,000 |
Other educational institution | 50,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 52,000 | 1,000 | 36,000 | 4,000 | 41,000 | 5,000 | 50,000 | 5,500 |
Government | 62,000 | 3,500 | S | S | 63,000 | 5,500 | 61,000 | 8,500 | 61,000 | 4,500 | 59,000 | 4,500 |
Other non-S&E field | 72,000 | 2,500 | 71,000 | 5,500 | 84,000 | 5,000 | 60,000 | 1,000 | 46,000 | 3,000 | 85,000 | 4,000 |
Business/ industry | 82,000 | 5,500 | 73,000 | 9,000 | 93,000 | 5,000 | 69,000 | 3,000 | 44,000 | 4,500 | 95,000 | 8,000 |
4-year college/ university | 50,000 | 1,500 | 59,000 | 16,500 | 51,000 | 3,000 | 48,000 | 5,000 | 58,000 | 3,500 | 50,000 | 6,000 |
Other educational institution | 42,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 46,000 | 2,500 | 41,000 | 5,500 | 36,000 | 4,000 | 48,000 | 10,000 |
Government | 71,000 | 4,000 | 73,000 | 16,500 | 79,000 | 3,500 | 58,000 | 1,500 | 50,000 | 4,000 | 78,000 | 4,000 |
Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
NOTES: Salaries are for principal job and rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors for salaries are rounded up to the nearest $500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 24 February 2015. |