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Table 12-1. Median annual salary of employed U.S. scientists and engineers at all degree levels, by broad field of highest degree, employment sector, and primary or secondary work activity: 2013
 

Field of highest degree and employment sector              Primary or secondary work activity
Employed scientists and engineers Computer applications Management, sales, administration Research and development Teaching Other
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All fields 65,000 500 85,000 500 70,000 500 71,000 2,000 50,000 500 60,000 500
Business/ industry 71,000 2,000 90,000 500 75,000 500 80,000 500 55,000 1,500 62,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 51,000 1,500 52,000 3,500 56,000 3,500 49,000 2,000 60,000 2,500 54,000 1,500
Other educational institution 48,000 500 56,000 4,000 50,000 500 47,000 2,500 47,000 1,500 50,000 1,500
Government 70,000 1,500 72,000 2,500 73,000 2,000 72,000 2,000 63,000 5,000 64,000 1,500
S&E field 65,000 1,000 88,000 1,500 68,000 1,000 75,000 500 43,000 1,500 51,000 2,500
Business/ industry 70,000 500 91,000 2,000 70,000 500 82,000 1,500 40,000 1,500 50,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 45,000 1,000 50,000 4,500 53,000 3,500 43,000 2,000 53,000 2,000 45,000 2,000
Other educational institution 40,000 1,500 56,000 2,500 44,000 2,000 43,000 3,500 39,000 2,000 48,000 3,500
Government 69,000 2,000 75,000 2,000 73,000 2,500 75,000 1,000 53,000 5,000 59,000 2,500
Science 56,000 1,500 85,000 1,500 60,000 500 64,000 2,000 40,000 2,500 48,000 1,000
Business/ industry 60,000 500 90,000 1,000 60,000 500 75,000 2,500 35,000 4,000 46,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 45,000 1,000 50,000 4,000 51,000 3,500 44,000 3,000 53,000 1,500 43,000 3,500
Other educational institution 40,000 1,500 51,000 8,500 44,000 2,000 43,000 4,000 39,000 2,000 48,000 3,000
Government 62,000 2,000 74,000 3,500 65,000 1,500 65,000 1,500 50,000 500 53,000 2,000
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences 50,000 500 62,000 9,500 58,000 3,500 53,000 2,500 45,000 2,000 46,000 1,500
Business/ industry 52,000 2,500 79,000 6,000 55,000 3,500 63,000 5,000 43,000 5,500 44,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 46,000 1,500 42,000 4,500 54,000 5,500 43,000 2,000 60,000 2,000 46,000 2,000
Other educational institution 39,000 4,000 45,000 5,500 40,000 1,000 37,000 10,000 39,000 4,000 29,000 4,000
Government 63,000 3,500 60,000 3,000 73,000 3,000 61,000 4,000 49,000 1,500 58,000 5,500
Agricultural/ food sciences 50,000 2,500 56,000 6,500 59,000 9,500 60,000 5,500 40,000 5,500 39,000 5,000
Business/ industry 49,000 1,500 83,000 9,000 50,000 6,500 65,000 4,000 29,000 11,000 37,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 49,000 1,000 S S 49,000 6,500 49,000 2,500 69,000 3,000 34,000 2,500
Other educational institution 40,000 14,000 D D S S S S 39,000 18,000 S S
Government 79,000 9,500 S S 82,000 4,000 70,000 13,000 D D 50,000 4,500
Biological sciences 50,000 500 69,000 5,500 57,000 4,000 50,000 3,000 45,000 1,500 46,000 1,500
Business/ industry 52,000 1,500 79,000 8,000 58,000 4,000 60,000 4,500 49,000 8,000 45,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 46,000 1,000 39,000 6,500 58,000 6,500 42,000 2,000 60,000 2,500 46,000 3,000
Other educational institution 36,000 6,000 D D 39,000 1,500 35,000 9,000 39,000 5,500 28,000 4,000
Government 60,000 2,500 66,000 3,000 67,000 5,500 60,000 2,500 49,000 4,000 53,000 4,500
Environmental life sciences 58,000 4,500 54,000 21,500 60,000 4,000 63,000 5,500 49,000 1,500 58,000 6,000
Business/ industry 51,000 4,500 68,000 13,500 51,000 5,000 76,000 12,000 59,000 11,000 44,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 30,000 8,000 43,000 1,500 S S S S S S S S
Other educational institution 49,000 8,000 D D 51,000 19,000 S S 60,000 12,000 D D
Government 69,000 8,000 S S 76,000 4,500 64,000 5,500 49,000 500 65,000 8,000
Computer/ mathematical sciences 80,000 500 90,000 500 80,000 500 83,000 2,500 45,000 2,500 70,000 5,500
Business/ industry 85,000 2,000 95,000 1,500 86,000 4,000 89,000 3,000 48,000 3,000 72,000 4,000
4-year college/ university 50,000 2,000 59,000 3,500 57,000 6,500 52,000 4,000 47,000 9,500 54,000 4,500
Other educational institution 46,000 2,000 55,000 12,000 49,000 3,000 46,000 1,500 45,000 3,000 74,000 17,000
Government 80,000 7,000 80,000 4,000 86,000 9,500 82,000 7,000 50,000 6,000 59,000 6,500
Computer/ information sciences 85,000 2,000 90,000 500 89,000 2,500 85,000 1,500 50,000 3,000 75,000 3,000
Business/ industry 90,000 2,000 94,000 2,500 92,000 3,500 88,000 3,000 58,000 4,500 75,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 54,000 2,500 61,000 4,000 58,000 6,500 55,000 4,000 58,000 9,500 55,000 5,000
Other educational institution 45,000 6,500 52,000 9,500 55,000 11,000 51,000 10,000 34,000 2,000 67,000 22,000
Government 76,000 4,500 78,000 4,500 82,000 10,000 79,000 6,000 46,000 9,000 71,000 20,500
Mathematics/ statistics 60,000 3,500 94,000 2,000 63,000 3,500 75,000 3,500 43,000 4,000 60,000 6,500
Business/ industry 75,000 5,500 95,000 6,500 65,000 2,500 95,000 5,000 S S 60,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 38,000 4,500 42,000 12,500 52,000 18,500 41,000 8,000 35,000 5,500 37,000 16,000
Other educational institution 46,000 1,500 36,000 15,000 47,000 5,500 44,000 4,000 46,000 2,500 75,000 21,500
Government 85,000 12,000 89,000 8,500 96,000 19,500 93,000 5,000 D D 51,000 14,500
Physical sciences 66,000 3,000 80,000 8,500 75,000 5,500 75,000 1,000 51,000 3,000 55,000 4,000
Business/ industry 75,000 2,000 94,000 8,000 80,000 6,500 85,000 4,000 62,000 8,000 55,000 7,000
4-year college/ university 46,000 3,500 40,000 5,500 89,000 9,500 45,000 3,000 60,000 6,000 33,000 5,000
Other educational institution 42,000 5,500 47,000 6,500 45,000 11,000 56,000 8,500 42,000 6,500 36,000 500
Government 70,000 6,500 60,000 9,500 75,000 8,000 75,000 9,500 51,000 14,500 62,000 6,000
Chemistry, except biochemistry 65,000 3,500 80,000 11,000 80,000 4,000 73,000 4,000 55,000 5,000 56,000 4,000
Business/ industry 75,000 4,500 92,000 15,000 89,000 9,000 83,000 3,500 61,000 2,000 60,000 6,500
4-year college/ university 39,000 5,000 47,000 13,500 66,000 5,500 31,000 4,500 57,000 2,000 31,000 3,500
Other educational institution 46,000 7,500 D D 62,000 10,000 60,000 4,000 46,000 7,500 45,000 12,000
Government 69,000 3,000 49,000 1,000 81,000 6,000 83,000 3,000 * * 55,000 4,000
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciences 62,000 4,000 59,000 14,000 69,000 6,500 70,000 4,000 39,000 16,500 55,000 7,000
Business/ industry 70,000 7,500 S S 75,000 5,500 80,000 1,500 55,000 19,000 60,000 8,500
4-year college/ university 70,000 11,000 43,000 2,500 129,000 19,500 71,000 14,000 71,000 8,000 S S
Other educational institution 37,000 1,000 D D 38,000 8,500 48,000 1,500 37,000 1,000 35,000 500
Government 62,000 6,500 59,000 10,500 61,000 9,500 59,000 7,000 D D 63,000 5,500
Physics/ astronomy 76,000 5,000 94,000 6,500 92,000 9,000 85,000 6,000 54,000 7,000 61,000 16,000
Business/ industry 95,000 6,500 100,000 8,000 97,000 5,500 100,000 6,500 87,000 25,000 79,000 21,000
4-year college/ university 49,000 5,500 34,000 4,000 88,000 10,000 54,000 8,000 59,000 11,500 36,000 9,500
Other educational institution 48,000 7,500 S S 50,000 11,000 50,000 3,000 49,000 5,500 30,000 3,500
Government 97,000 8,500 111,000 22,500 96,000 11,500 108,000 1,500 * * 89,000 11,000
Other physical sciences 50,000 4,500 S S 50,000 11,000 S S 76,000 28,500 S S
Business/ industry 43,000 15,000 S S 50,000 3,500 26,000 2,000 S S 29,000 500
4-year college/ university 60,000 9,500 D D * * 53,000 13,500 * * D D
Other educational institution S S D D S S D D S S D D
Government 140,000 67,500 D D 83,000 6,500 84,000 2,500 D D S S
Social sciences 48,000 2,000 65,000 3,000 52,000 1,000 50,000 1,000 36,000 3,000 43,000 2,000
Business/ industry 50,000 2,000 68,000 5,500 52,000 1,500 51,000 2,500 30,000 2,000 40,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 42,000 2,000 26,000 8,000 45,000 1,500 45,000 3,000 51,000 2,000 38,000 6,000
Other educational institution 39,000 2,500 56,000 12,500 41,000 3,000 39,000 2,000 35,000 2,000 48,000 500
Government 55,000 2,000 68,000 5,500 58,000 4,000 61,000 3,500 50,000 1,000 51,000 2,500
Economics 64,000 2,000 90,000 6,000 67,000 5,000 72,000 6,000 50,000 6,500 58,000 7,500
Business/ industry 65,000 4,000 93,000 8,500 70,000 3,000 68,000 8,000 50,000 17,500 59,000 5,000
4-year college/ university 47,000 11,500 S S 44,000 1,500 80,000 10,000 74,000 7,500 S S
Other educational institution 38,000 9,000 D D 50,000 7,000 24,000 2,000 36,000 7,000 S S
Government 61,000 8,000 62,000 19,500 64,000 2,000 87,000 4,000 S S 50,000 13,500
Political/ related sciences 55,000 2,500 52,000 9,500 59,000 1,000 53,000 3,500 42,000 1,500 50,000 3,000
Business/ industry 55,000 1,500 57,000 14,500 59,000 2,500 52,000 6,000 44,000 8,500 50,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 38,000 5,500 S S 37,000 5,500 42,000 2,000 55,000 6,500 32,000 2,500
Other educational institution 35,000 4,500 D D 32,000 8,000 53,000 16,000 39,000 3,500 34,000 1,500
Government 63,000 4,000 45,000 6,500 70,000 3,000 59,000 5,500 38,000 9,500 62,000 12,000
Psychology 42,000 2,000 51,000 13,500 47,000 2,500 45,000 2,000 34,000 2,000 41,000 2,000
Business/ industry 40,000 2,000 51,000 14,500 45,000 2,000 42,000 5,500 30,000 3,500 37,000 2,000
4-year college/ university 41,000 3,500 42,000 2,500 48,000 5,500 45,000 2,500 51,000 1,500 39,000 1,000
Other educational institution 40,000 1,500 S S 49,000 4,000 39,000 4,000 34,000 1,500 52,000 3,500
Government 50,000 500 60,000 21,500 50,000 2,000 48,000 5,500 49,000 4,500 51,000 3,000
Sociology/ anthropology 45,000 1,500 57,000 12,000 47,000 3,000 46,000 5,500 39,000 5,500 40,000 1,500
Business/ industry 42,000 3,500 54,000 2,000 45,000 3,000 49,000 7,500 25,000 10,000 38,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 42,000 5,500 S S 42,000 8,000 44,000 8,000 55,000 5,000 45,000 10,000
Other educational institution 36,000 7,000 D D 29,000 9,000 33,000 6,000 39,000 15,000 48,000 2,000
Government 53,000 3,500 75,000 3,500 55,000 6,500 64,000 14,000 63,000 8,500 45,000 3,000
Other social sciences 44,000 3,500 58,000 8,000 48,000 4,500 46,000 8,500 30,000 2,000 41,000 4,000
Business/ industry 41,000 4,500 59,000 13,000 43,000 5,500 45,000 9,000 15,000 4,500 40,000 9,000
4-year college/ university 34,000 5,500 S S 55,000 9,000 28,000 7,500 27,000 10,500 31,000 5,000
Other educational institution 31,000 2,000 S S 35,000 8,500 40,000 18,000 31,000 1,500 30,000 7,500
Government 65,000 4,500 60,000 10,500 60,000 11,500 66,000 16,000 64,000 6,000 64,000 7,000
Engineering 90,000 1,500 90,000 2,500 94,000 2,500 90,000 500 68,000 3,000 80,000 2,000
Business/ industry 91,000 2,000 94,000 3,000 95,000 1,000 94,000 2,000 89,000 1,000 80,000 1,000
4-year college/ university 42,000 5,500 48,000 9,500 79,000 7,500 33,000 3,000 64,000 8,000 53,000 10,000
Other educational institution 43,000 4,500 57,000 1,500 56,000 5,000 43,000 19,500 43,000 3,500 36,000 10,500
Government 89,000 1,500 82,000 6,000 92,000 3,500 89,000 1,000 89,000 1,000 82,000 1,500
Aerospace/ related engineering 89,000 8,500 85,000 11,500 89,000 13,500 100,000 5,000 100,000 3,500 65,000 1,500
Business/ industry 92,000 9,500 92,000 11,500 79,000 19,000 109,000 3,000 94,000 10,000 80,000 26,500
4-year college/ university 34,000 10,500 S S 74,000 23,500 28,000 8,500 72,000 14,500 * *
Other educational institution S S D D S S * * S S D D
Government 75,000 25,500 S S 93,000 9,000 75,000 18,000 S S 54,000 500
Chemical engineering 93,000 4,000 96,000 9,000 100,000 3,000 93,000 4,500 S S 90,000 6,000
Business/ industry 100,000 1,000 99,000 4,500 103,000 4,000 99,000 1,000 111,000 11,500 95,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 29,000 2,000 24,000 4,000 57,000 23,500 29,000 2,500 77,000 19,500 S S
Other educational institution 34,000 5,500 D D S S D D 34,000 5,500 D D
Government 72,000 11,000 78,000 14,000 59,000 10,500 80,000 17,500 D D 69,000 21,500
Civil/ architectural engineering 80,000 2,000 74,000 9,000 85,000 1,500 77,000 3,000 69,000 20,000 72,000 5,000
Business/ industry 79,000 3,500 89,000 12,000 83,000 3,500 74,000 1,000 86,000 16,000 70,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 31,000 12,500 S S 78,000 31,000 30,000 2,500 25,000 8,000 S S
Other educational institution 42,000 11,000 D D D D S S 43,000 8,500 D D
Government 87,000 2,500 73,000 8,000 89,000 2,000 85,000 500 S S 84,000 4,500
Electrical/ computer engineering 95,000 1,500 95,000 2,500 100,000 500 100,000 1,500 75,000 19,500 80,000 3,000
Business/ industry 99,000 2,500 96,000 2,500 100,000 1,000 100,000 1,000 89,000 8,500 81,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 71,000 8,000 73,000 7,500 85,000 1,000 59,000 17,000 83,000 6,500 S S
Other educational institution 35,000 17,500 D D 56,000 2,000 S S S S 52,000 3,000
Government 90,000 3,000 81,000 3,500 103,000 6,500 91,000 5,000 D D 82,000 6,500
Industrial engineering 79,000 2,000 85,000 6,000 81,000 4,000 79,000 3,000 66,000 11,500 72,000 6,000
Business/ industry 83,000 4,000 85,000 9,500 85,000 3,000 81,000 5,000 99,000 9,000 72,000 6,000
4-year college/ university 38,000 14,000 * * S S 37,000 10,500 68,000 28,500 * *
Other educational institution 57,000 5,000 D D S S S S 57,000 5,000 D D
Government 78,000 5,500 S S 78,000 9,500 97,000 10,500 D D 64,000 26,500
Mechanical engineering 87,000 3,000 80,000 500 93,000 3,500 89,000 1,500 70,000 9,000 80,000 1,500
Business/ industry 89,000 2,500 80,000 1,000 94,000 3,500 90,000 500 74,000 11,000 80,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 33,000 11,000 28,000 14,000 73,000 5,000 29,000 5,000 33,000 12,000 S S
Other educational institution 35,000 12,000 D D S S S S S S S S
Government 90,000 5,000 S S 90,000 3,000 90,000 5,500 D D 99,000 6,000
Other engineering 89,000 3,500 85,000 9,000 100,000 2,500 84,000 2,000 57,000 19,000 85,000 5,000
Business/ industry 94,000 4,000 86,000 7,500 100,000 500 90,000 5,000 94,000 3,000 90,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 33,000 6,000 29,000 13,000 87,000 16,500 30,000 3,000 74,000 10,000 60,000 1,500
Other educational institution S S D D 50,000 2,500 S S 43,000 10,000 S S
Government 90,000 5,500 87,000 4,000 96,000 6,500 90,000 5,500 S S 81,000 4,000
S&E-related field 65,000 1,500 70,000 7,500 72,000 2,000 64,000 3,000 59,000 2,500 70,000 1,500
Business/ industry 70,000 500 75,000 7,000 76,000 2,500 70,000 5,000 62,000 2,000 70,000 2,500
4-year college/ university 62,000 2,500 54,000 6,500 65,000 6,000 59,000 3,500 72,000 3,000 64,000 4,500
Other educational institution 50,000 500 49,000 9,000 50,000 500 48,000 1,500 50,000 500 52,000 2,000
Government 70,000 2,000 67,000 2,500 72,000 4,500 61,000 6,000 79,000 4,000 69,000 2,500
Health 70,000 1,000 59,000 9,500 75,000 1,000 64,000 3,000 62,000 1,000 70,000 1,000
Business/ industry 72,000 1,500 60,000 12,000 80,000 500 66,000 6,500 63,000 2,500 74,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 64,000 3,500 55,000 9,500 65,000 7,500 59,000 2,000 78,000 4,500 65,000 6,500
Other educational institution 50,000 1,000 46,000 19,000 52,000 3,500 50,000 1,000 50,000 1,000 51,000 1,500
Government 70,000 2,500 67,000 11,500 68,000 5,000 59,000 1,500 79,000 4,500 69,000 3,500
Science/ mathematics teacher education 48,000 3,000 60,000 10,500 50,000 1,000 45,000 3,500 49,000 2,500 35,000 1,000
Business/ industry 36,000 2,500 79,000 20,500 40,000 3,500 51,000 22,000 40,000 1,000 12,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 45,000 10,500 D D 63,000 5,000 S S 49,000 5,500 37,000 4,000
Other educational institution 50,000 500 53,000 15,500 50,000 500 45,000 3,000 50,000 2,000 55,000 5,000
Government S S D D 56,000 17,500 S S S S S S
Technology/ technical fields 73,000 4,500 82,000 6,500 80,000 3,500 88,000 5,000 57,000 6,000 62,000 7,000
Business/ industry 75,000 4,000 85,000 5,000 80,000 1,500 89,000 2,000 84,000 20,000 61,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 55,000 15,500 45,000 16,500 49,000 21,000 42,000 14,000 S S D D
Other educational institution S S D D S S 51,000 13,500 S S D D
Government 73,000 11,500 D D 78,000 4,500 84,000 15,000 D D 68,000 9,500
Other S&E-related fields 60,000 3,500 67,000 11,500 69,000 4,500 60,000 3,000 46,000 20,000 60,000 1,000
Business/ industry 60,000 2,000 64,000 16,000 65,000 4,000 60,000 2,500 S S 58,000 3,500
4-year college/ university 36,000 10,500 D D 67,000 25,000 S S 24,000 500 D D
Other educational institution 60,000 7,000 D D D D S S 60,000 3,500 D D
Government 81,000 8,000 S S 89,000 4,500 90,000 31,000 D D 71,000 10,000
Non-S&E field 65,000 500 80,000 2,000 75,000 1,000 68,000 2,500 50,000 500 62,000 1,500
Business/ industry 77,000 2,500 84,000 2,000 90,000 1,500 80,000 3,000 47,000 4,500 65,000 1,500
4-year college/ university 52,000 2,500 71,000 4,500 57,000 4,500 52,000 3,000 52,000 3,000 48,000 3,000
Other educational institution 50,000 500 56,000 14,500 52,000 2,000 49,000 3,000 50,000 1,000 52,000 2,000
Government 70,000 2,500 60,000 8,500 74,000 2,500 68,000 5,000 45,000 8,500 68,000 3,000
Art/ humanities fields 50,000 2,000 65,000 6,500 50,000 2,000 61,000 3,500 50,000 6,000 40,000 3,000
Business/ industry 52,000 4,500 65,000 6,000 52,000 4,500 64,000 4,000 48,000 6,000 35,000 5,500
4-year college/ university 50,000 5,500 66,000 19,500 62,000 7,000 58,000 6,500 52,000 10,000 37,000 10,500
Other educational institution 47,000 5,000 D D 44,000 10,500 56,000 4,500 47,000 5,000 58,000 18,500
Government 63,000 10,500 57,000 11,500 67,000 21,500 S S D D 48,000 7,500
Education, except science/ math teacher education 50,000 500 44,000 3,500 52,000 3,000 50,000 500 50,000 500 48,000 2,000
Business/ industry 39,000 500 47,000 7,500 40,000 1,000 53,000 7,500 29,000 6,000 35,000 7,500
4-year college/ university 48,000 2,000 D D 49,000 3,500 47,000 11,000 40,000 1,500 47,000 500
Other educational institution 52,000 3,500 44,000 2,500 60,000 2,500 50,000 2,500 50,000 2,000 55,000 2,500
Government 46,000 6,500 S S 52,000 3,000 65,000 12,500 S S 43,000 3,500
Management/ administration 86,000 3,000 87,000 5,000 100,000 2,500 84,000 3,000 48,000 4,000 72,000 2,500
Business/ industry 93,000 2,500 90,000 2,000 101,000 2,500 90,000 3,500 65,000 7,500 75,000 4,500
4-year college/ university 65,000 5,500 74,000 4,000 72,000 10,000 66,000 6,500 64,000 6,000 67,000 11,500
Other educational institution 44,000 11,000 64,000 1,000 55,000 6,000 S S 29,000 14,000 49,000 500
Government 72,000 3,000 58,000 14,000 82,000 6,000 72,000 2,500 37,000 13,500 70,000 5,500
Sales/ marketing 82,000 8,500 90,000 18,000 90,000 7,000 77,000 16,000 S S 64,000 14,000
Business/ industry 90,000 4,000 90,000 19,500 90,000 6,000 89,000 10,000 54,000 15,500 69,000 22,000
4-year college/ university S S D D S S S S D D D D
Other educational institution S S D D D D D D S S D D
Government 54,000 10,000 D D 58,000 27,500 S S D D * *
Social service/ related 52,000 1,500 75,000 1,000 57,000 2,500 53,000 5,500 48,000 4,000 50,000 1,000
Business/ industry 50,000 500 75,000 10,500 54,000 3,000 58,000 8,000 43,000 4,500 48,000 3,000
4-year college/ university 62,000 6,500 D D 70,000 7,000 53,000 8,500 65,000 4,000 49,000 8,000
Other educational institution 50,000 4,500 D D 52,000 1,000 36,000 4,000 41,000 5,000 50,000 5,500
Government 62,000 3,500 S S 63,000 5,500 61,000 8,500 61,000 4,500 59,000 4,500
Other non-S&E field 72,000 2,500 71,000 5,500 84,000 5,000 60,000 1,000 46,000 3,000 85,000 4,000
Business/ industry 82,000 5,500 73,000 9,000 93,000 5,000 69,000 3,000 44,000 4,500 95,000 8,000
4-year college/ university 50,000 1,500 59,000 16,500 51,000 3,000 48,000 5,000 58,000 3,500 50,000 6,000
Other educational institution 42,000 5,500 D D 46,000 2,500 41,000 5,500 36,000 4,000 48,000 10,000
Government 71,000 4,000 73,000 16,500 79,000 3,500 58,000 1,500 50,000 4,000 78,000 4,000

Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
NOTES: Salaries are for principal job and rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors for salaries are rounded up to the nearest $500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2013.
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 24 February 2015.