Table 14-3. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers with a master's as the highest degree, by occupation, citizenship status, and employment sector: 2013 |
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status | Sector of employment | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employed scientists and engineers | Business/ industry | 4-year college/ university | Other educational institution | Government | ||||||
Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | |
Master's | 70,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 500 | 40,000 | 1,500 | 54,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 1,500 |
U.S. citizen | 68,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 500 | 45,000 | 1,500 | 54,000 | 1,000 | 76,000 | 2,000 |
Native-born | 65,000 | 500 | 78,000 | 1,500 | 45,000 | 2,000 | 53,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 1,000 |
Naturalized | 84,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 3,000 | 54,000 | 4,000 | 60,000 | 2,500 | 80,000 | 2,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 74,000 | 2,500 | 84,000 | 2,500 | 22,000 | 1,500 | 39,000 | 10,000 | 43,000 | 14,000 |
Permanent resident | 75,000 | 5,500 | 85,000 | 2,000 | 40,000 | 6,500 | 40,000 | 15,500 | 46,000 | 19,500 |
Temporary resident | 72,000 | 2,500 | 82,000 | 3,000 | 21,000 | 1,500 | 34,000 | 4,000 | 30,000 | 12,000 |
S&E occupations | 83,000 | 2,000 | 96,000 | 1,000 | 25,000 | 1,000 | 54,000 | 2,500 | 83,000 | 2,000 |
U.S. citizen | 85,000 | 1,500 | 99,000 | 2,500 | 30,000 | 1,500 | 54,000 | 2,500 | 83,000 | 2,000 |
Native-born | 80,000 | 500 | 95,000 | 1,000 | 28,000 | 2,500 | 52,000 | 2,500 | 81,000 | 3,500 |
Naturalized | 98,000 | 3,500 | 102,000 | 2,000 | 47,000 | 12,000 | 59,000 | 500 | 86,000 | 4,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 80,000 | 1,000 | 90,000 | 1,000 | 22,000 | 500 | S | S | 72,000 | 11,000 |
Permanent resident | 96,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 30,000 | 7,500 | 40,000 | 7,500 | 89,000 | 20,500 |
Temporary resident | 70,000 | 1,000 | 84,000 | 1,500 | 21,000 | 1,500 | * | * | 38,000 | 11,500 |
Science occupations | 78,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 1,500 | 26,000 | 2,000 | 54,000 | 2,500 | 77,000 | 3,000 |
U.S. citizen | 78,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 1,000 | 30,000 | 2,000 | 54,000 | 2,500 | 77,000 | 2,500 |
Native-born | 70,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 1,500 | 28,000 | 2,000 | 52,000 | 2,500 | 75,000 | 3,000 |
Naturalized | 97,000 | 4,000 | 102,000 | 2,000 | 48,000 | 8,000 | 59,000 | 500 | 87,000 | 5,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 80,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 22,000 | 1,500 | S | S | 61,000 | 13,000 |
Permanent resident | 95,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 1,500 | 29,000 | 8,000 | 40,000 | 7,500 | D | D |
Temporary resident | 74,000 | 4,000 | 85,000 | 4,000 | 22,000 | 500 | * | * | 40,000 | 13,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 54,000 | 4,000 | 68,000 | 5,500 | 30,000 | 1,000 | 36,000 | 12,000 | 71,000 | 7,500 |
U.S. citizen | 60,000 | 1,500 | 70,000 | 3,500 | 38,000 | 5,000 | 36,000 | 12,000 | 71,000 | 8,000 |
Native-born | 59,000 | 3,000 | 65,000 | 6,500 | 31,000 | 3,000 | 38,000 | 13,500 | 65,000 | 6,500 |
Naturalized | 76,000 | 12,000 | 89,000 | 7,500 | 46,000 | 2,500 | 22,000 | 6,500 | 129,000 | 34,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 30,000 | 1,500 | 54,000 | 13,500 | 25,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 53,000 | 14,000 | 59,000 | 17,000 | 33,000 | 12,000 | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 25,000 | 500 | 42,000 | 13,000 | 25,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 46,000 | 17,000 | 65,000 | 11,500 | 33,000 | 4,500 | D | D | S | S |
U.S. citizen | 64,000 | 9,500 | 72,000 | 6,000 | 36,000 | 4,000 | D | D | S | S |
Native-born | 62,000 | 12,000 | 72,000 | 6,500 | 39,000 | 8,500 | D | D | S | S |
Naturalized | 66,000 | 16,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | S | S |
Non-U.S. citizen | 36,000 | 500 | S | S | 19,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 20,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 19,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Biological and medical scientists | 59,000 | 2,500 | 71,000 | 6,000 | 30,000 | 2,500 | S | S | 65,000 | 5,500 |
U.S. citizen | 62,000 | 4,000 | 72,000 | 6,000 | 42,000 | 4,500 | S | S | 66,000 | 6,500 |
Native-born | 60,000 | 2,500 | 67,000 | 8,000 | 35,000 | 8,500 | D | D | 64,000 | 1,000 |
Naturalized | 81,000 | 9,000 | 89,000 | 7,000 | 47,000 | 3,500 | D | D | S | S |
Non-U.S. citizen | 30,000 | 3,000 | 69,000 | 9,000 | 25,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 69,000 | 9,500 | 79,000 | 9,500 | 37,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 25,000 | 1,500 | S | S | 25,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D |
Environmental life scientists | 64,000 | 5,000 | 49,000 | 1,000 | S | S | D | D | 82,000 | 500 |
U.S. citizen | 64,000 | 4,500 | 49,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D | 82,000 | 500 |
Native-born | 64,000 | 4,500 | 49,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D | 82,000 | 500 |
Naturalized | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers - life/ related sciences | 29,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 27,000 | 5,000 | S | S | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 30,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 29,000 | 3,500 | S | S | D | D |
Native-born | 31,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 28,000 | 3,500 | 43,000 | 20,000 | D | D |
Naturalized | 25,000 | 11,500 | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | S | S | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Computer/ mathematical scientists | 91,000 | 2,500 | 100,000 | 500 | 40,000 | 4,500 | 49,000 | 3,000 | 83,000 | 1,500 |
U.S. citizen | 92,000 | 3,500 | 103,000 | 3,000 | 48,000 | 5,000 | 49,000 | 3,000 | 83,000 | 2,000 |
Native-born | 88,000 | 2,000 | 101,000 | 2,500 | 44,000 | 6,000 | 49,000 | 4,000 | 83,000 | 3,500 |
Naturalized | 100,000 | 500 | 104,000 | 2,000 | 59,000 | 10,000 | S | S | 84,000 | 5,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 90,000 | 500 | 92,000 | 2,500 | 21,000 | 2,000 | S | S | S | S |
Permanent resident | 100,000 | 2,500 | 102,000 | 4,500 | 39,000 | 11,000 | 39,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
Temporary resident | 83,000 | 3,000 | 86,000 | 5,500 | 20,000 | 500 | D | D | D | D |
Computer and information scientists | 96,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 500 | 68,000 | 3,500 | 72,000 | 3,500 | 83,000 | 2,000 |
U.S. citizen | 100,000 | 2,500 | 104,000 | 2,000 | 69,000 | 2,500 | 72,000 | 5,000 | 83,000 | 2,500 |
Native-born | 96,000 | 2,000 | 103,000 | 3,000 | 69,000 | 4,000 | 69,000 | 6,500 | 83,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 100,000 | 2,500 | 105,000 | 2,500 | 80,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 84,000 | 6,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 92,000 | 3,500 | 92,000 | 3,000 | 22,000 | 2,500 | D | D | S | S |
Permanent resident | 101,000 | 4,500 | 103,000 | 4,000 | 57,000 | 7,500 | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 85,000 | 3,000 | 87,000 | 4,500 | 21,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 77,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 6,500 | 29,000 | 8,000 | S | S | 79,000 | 9,000 |
U.S. citizen | 78,000 | 4,000 | 89,000 | 4,500 | S | S | S | S | 79,000 | 9,000 |
Native-born | 77,000 | 3,000 | 85,000 | 12,000 | S | S | S | S | 80,000 | 10,500 |
Naturalized | 89,000 | 500 | 89,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 66,000 | 3,500 | 75,000 | 13,500 | 29,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 69,000 | 2,000 | 70,000 | 6,000 | * | * | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 64,000 | 8,500 | 79,000 | 17,000 | 25,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers - computer/ math sciences | 36,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 21,000 | 2,000 | 44,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 37,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 22,000 | 4,000 | 44,000 | 2,500 | D | D |
Native-born | 37,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 22,000 | 6,000 | 43,000 | 5,500 | D | D |
Naturalized | 37,000 | 14,500 | D | D | 20,000 | 3,000 | 38,000 | 9,500 | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 20,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 18,000 | 1,500 | 39,000 | 4,500 | D | D |
Permanent resident | 36,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | 39,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Temporary resident | 16,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 16,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D |
Physical/ related scientists | 64,000 | 6,000 | 86,000 | 7,000 | 24,000 | 1,000 | 33,000 | 4,000 | 75,000 | 4,000 |
U.S. citizen | 70,000 | 4,000 | 88,000 | 8,000 | 25,000 | 3,000 | 33,000 | 3,000 | 76,000 | 4,000 |
Native-born | 70,000 | 3,500 | 88,000 | 8,000 | 26,000 | 3,000 | 33,000 | 3,500 | 75,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 75,000 | 16,000 | 85,000 | 14,000 | 22,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 97,000 | 24,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 26,000 | 4,000 | 80,000 | 12,500 | 22,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | 68,000 | 29,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 22,000 | 1,500 | 81,000 | 3,000 | 22,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Chemists, except biochemists | 68,000 | 4,000 | 72,000 | 2,500 | 25,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 88,000 | 20,000 |
U.S. citizen | 68,000 | 3,000 | 72,000 | 3,000 | 25,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 88,000 | 19,500 |
Native-born | 68,000 | 4,500 | 73,000 | 3,500 | 25,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 89,000 | 18,000 |
Naturalized | 61,000 | 9,500 | 62,000 | 11,500 | D | D | D | D | * | * |
Non-U.S. citizen | 43,000 | 17,500 | 70,000 | 15,000 | 22,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 56,000 | 21,000 | 56,000 | 21,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 29,000 | 12,500 | D | D | 22,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists | 80,000 | 6,000 | 109,000 | 11,000 | 26,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 70,000 | 6,000 |
U.S. citizen | 84,000 | 6,000 | 109,000 | 11,500 | 26,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 70,000 | 6,500 |
Native-born | 82,000 | 5,500 | 106,000 | 13,000 | 26,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 70,000 | 7,000 |
Naturalized | 122,000 | 35,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 36,000 | 6,000 | 110,000 | 18,500 | 24,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 98,000 | 26,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 26,000 | 6,500 | * | * | 24,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D |
Physicists and astronomers | 33,000 | 5,500 | 119,000 | 12,000 | 25,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 100,000 | 4,500 |
U.S. citizen | 87,000 | 33,500 | 119,000 | 12,000 | 26,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 101,000 | 4,500 |
Native-born | 78,000 | 28,000 | 131,000 | 20,000 | 29,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D |
Naturalized | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 25,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 24,000 | 5,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 24,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 24,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers - physical/ related sciences | 22,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 21,000 | 1,000 | 33,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 29,000 | 10,000 | D | D | 21,000 | 1,500 | 33,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
Native-born | 31,000 | 7,500 | D | D | 21,000 | 1,500 | 33,000 | 3,500 | D | D |
Naturalized | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 21,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 21,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 18,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 18,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Other physical/ related scientists | 72,000 | 9,000 | 79,000 | 12,000 | 27,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 75,000 | 8,500 |
U.S. citizen | 75,000 | 7,500 | 80,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | 75,000 | 8,500 |
Native-born | 72,000 | 9,000 | 78,000 | 14,000 | D | D | D | D | 73,000 | 11,500 |
Naturalized | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 36,000 | 7,500 | * | * | * | * | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 34,000 | 11,500 | D | D | * | * | D | D | D | D |
Social science, psychology | 48,000 | 3,000 | 55,000 | 6,500 | 20,000 | 1,500 | 58,000 | 3,500 | 66,000 | 7,000 |
U.S. citizen | 49,000 | 2,500 | 53,000 | 7,000 | 20,000 | 1,500 | 58,000 | 3,500 | 65,000 | 5,000 |
Native-born | 48,000 | 2,500 | 50,000 | 8,500 | 20,000 | 1,500 | 55,000 | 1,500 | 65,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 59,000 | 500 | 73,000 | 21,500 | 20,000 | 5,500 | S | S | 79,000 | 4,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 24,000 | 4,500 | 89,000 | 25,000 | 19,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | 115,000 | 36,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 20,000 | 4,000 | S | S | 19,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D |
Economists | 58,000 | 8,000 | 65,000 | 13,000 | 19,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 75,000 | 6,000 |
U.S. citizen | 62,000 | 4,500 | 60,000 | 11,500 | 21,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 75,000 | 6,000 |
Native-born | 60,000 | 7,500 | 56,000 | 8,500 | 21,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 74,000 | 5,000 |
Naturalized | 78,000 | 6,000 | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | S | S | S | S | 16,000 | 500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | * | * | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 17,000 | 8,000 | S | S | 16,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D |
Political scientists | 88,000 | 33,000 | 128,000 | 43,000 | 20,000 | 5,000 | D | D | S | S |
U.S. citizen | 99,000 | 35,500 | 128,000 | 38,000 | 23,000 | 11,000 | D | D | S | S |
Native-born | 99,000 | 33,500 | 128,000 | 34,500 | 26,000 | 12,000 | D | D | S | S |
Naturalized | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers - social/ related sciences | 21,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 18,000 | 2,500 | 26,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 23,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 19,000 | 3,000 | 26,000 | 2,500 | D | D |
Native-born | 24,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 18,000 | 3,000 | 26,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
Naturalized | 20,000 | 9,000 | D | D | 20,000 | 2,500 | S | S | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 17,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 17,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 18,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 18,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Psychologists | 53,000 | 3,500 | 43,000 | 4,500 | 20,000 | 3,500 | 59,000 | 500 | 56,000 | 3,000 |
U.S. citizen | 54,000 | 2,500 | 43,000 | 5,000 | 19,000 | 1,500 | 59,000 | 500 | 56,000 | 3,000 |
Native-born | 50,000 | 4,000 | 41,000 | 5,000 | 19,000 | 1,500 | 60,000 | 1,500 | 56,000 | 3,000 |
Naturalized | 59,000 | 1,000 | D | D | * | * | S | S | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | S | S | S | S | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Sociologists and anthropologists | 45,000 | 6,500 | 55,000 | 6,500 | 22,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 63,000 | 4,500 |
U.S. citizen | 45,000 | 6,500 | 54,000 | 9,500 | 22,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 63,000 | 4,500 |
Native-born | 45,000 | 6,500 | 54,000 | 9,500 | 22,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 63,000 | 4,500 |
Naturalized | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other social and related scientists | 61,000 | 5,000 | 68,000 | 6,000 | 19,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 74,000 | 9,000 |
U.S. citizen | 63,000 | 5,000 | 67,000 | 5,500 | 18,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 71,000 | 7,000 |
Native-born | 63,000 | 4,000 | 67,000 | 5,000 | 18,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 71,000 | 7,000 |
Naturalized | 52,000 | 15,000 | 77,000 | 24,500 | S | S | D | D | * | * |
Non-U.S. citizen | S | S | 72,000 | 24,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | * | * | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 96,000 | 1,500 | 100,000 | 500 | 24,000 | 1,500 | 89,000 | 1,000 | 95,000 | 2,000 |
U.S. citizen | 100,000 | 1,500 | 100,000 | 500 | 30,000 | 2,500 | 89,000 | 1,000 | 95,000 | 3,000 |
Native-born | 100,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 500 | 30,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 98,000 | 3,000 |
Naturalized | 100,000 | 3,500 | 103,000 | 4,500 | 26,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 84,000 | 4,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 74,000 | 2,500 | 86,000 | 2,000 | 20,000 | 500 | D | D | 89,000 | 27,000 |
Permanent resident | 97,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 2,500 | 40,000 | 20,000 | D | D | 95,000 | 21,000 |
Temporary resident | 60,000 | 4,000 | 77,000 | 4,000 | 20,000 | 500 | D | D | D | D |
Aeronautical/ aerospace/ astronautical engineers | 112,000 | 2,000 | 113,000 | 3,500 | 22,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 114,000 | 8,000 |
U.S. citizen | 113,000 | 3,000 | 114,000 | 5,000 | * | * | D | D | 114,000 | 8,000 |
Native-born | 113,000 | 3,000 | 116,000 | 5,000 | * | * | D | D | 109,000 | 7,000 |
Naturalized | 113,000 | 15,000 | 105,000 | 15,500 | * | * | D | D | 127,000 | 7,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 89,000 | 11,000 | 100,000 | 14,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 101,000 | 9,000 | 101,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | * | * | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Chemical engineers | 92,000 | 5,500 | 95,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | 88,000 | 1,000 |
U.S. citizen | 95,000 | 3,500 | 99,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | S | S |
Native-born | 95,000 | 5,000 | 99,000 | 3,500 | D | D | D | D | S | S |
Naturalized | 96,000 | 6,500 | 95,000 | 12,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 67,000 | 10,500 | 83,000 | 19,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 95,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | S | S | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Civil, including architectural/ sanitary engineers | 85,000 | 3,000 | 84,000 | 5,000 | 20,000 | 1,000 | D | D | 87,000 | 2,500 |
U.S. citizen | 87,000 | 1,500 | 85,000 | 4,500 | * | * | D | D | 87,000 | 2,500 |
Native-born | 87,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 5,500 | * | * | D | D | 88,000 | 4,500 |
Naturalized | 84,000 | 4,000 | 84,000 | 6,500 | D | D | D | D | 84,000 | 5,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 67,000 | 4,000 | 74,000 | 7,500 | 20,000 | 1,000 | D | D | 70,000 | 16,500 |
Permanent resident | 85,000 | 6,500 | 86,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | 65,000 | 1,500 | 20,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D |
Electrical/ computer hardware engineers | 104,000 | 1,000 | 105,000 | 4,000 | 24,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 107,000 | 10,500 |
U.S. citizen | 108,000 | 3,000 | 109,000 | 2,000 | 34,000 | 10,500 | D | D | 108,000 | 11,000 |
Native-born | 105,000 | 4,000 | 106,000 | 3,500 | 30,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 111,000 | 11,500 |
Naturalized | 115,000 | 5,500 | 117,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | 87,000 | 11,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 86,000 | 2,500 | 94,000 | 4,500 | 20,000 | 3,000 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 109,000 | 7,000 | 110,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 70,000 | 6,500 | 85,000 | 2,500 | 20,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Industrial engineers | 89,000 | 8,500 | 90,000 | 9,500 | S | S | D | D | 100,000 | 19,500 |
U.S. citizen | 95,000 | 9,500 | 95,000 | 10,500 | D | D | D | D | 100,000 | 19,500 |
Native-born | 90,000 | 9,500 | 89,000 | 11,500 | D | D | D | D | 95,000 | 19,000 |
Naturalized | 100,000 | 13,500 | 97,000 | 13,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 65,000 | 6,000 | 74,000 | 4,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 87,000 | 25,000 | 87,000 | 25,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 59,000 | 13,500 | 67,000 | 6,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Mechanical engineers | 92,000 | 3,000 | 94,000 | 2,500 | 24,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 97,000 | 3,500 |
U.S. citizen | 95,000 | 2,000 | 96,000 | 3,000 | 32,000 | 8,500 | D | D | 97,000 | 3,500 |
Native-born | 96,000 | 2,500 | 96,000 | 3,500 | 31,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 99,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 92,000 | 5,500 | 95,000 | 5,500 | D | D | D | D | S | S |
Non-U.S. citizen | 73,000 | 4,500 | 79,000 | 4,000 | 20,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 87,000 | 7,500 | 88,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 62,000 | 8,000 | 74,000 | 3,000 | 20,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers - engineering | 26,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 25,000 | 3,500 | D | D | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 42,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 37,000 | 15,000 | D | D | D | D |
Native-born | 45,000 | 12,000 | D | D | 40,000 | 14,500 | D | D | D | D |
Naturalized | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 20,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 20,000 | 2,000 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 20,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 20,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D |
Other engineers | 94,000 | 3,000 | 96,000 | 5,000 | 23,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 100,000 | 8,500 |
U.S. citizen | 95,000 | 4,000 | 97,000 | 4,500 | 27,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 100,000 | 8,000 |
Native-born | 96,000 | 5,000 | 97,000 | 5,000 | 26,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 101,000 | 4,500 |
Naturalized | 90,000 | 8,500 | 99,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | 62,000 | 9,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 79,000 | 9,000 | 88,000 | 11,500 | 22,000 | 2,000 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 98,000 | 6,000 | 100,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 59,000 | 22,000 | 83,000 | 2,500 | 21,000 | 2,000 | D | D | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 68,000 | 2,000 | 78,000 | 3,000 | 62,000 | 2,500 | 55,000 | 1,500 | 84,000 | 3,000 |
U.S. citizen | 68,000 | 2,000 | 79,000 | 3,000 | 63,000 | 4,000 | 55,000 | 1,500 | 84,000 | 3,000 |
Native-born | 65,000 | 1,500 | 76,000 | 2,000 | 64,000 | 4,500 | 55,000 | 1,000 | 84,000 | 3,500 |
Naturalized | 81,000 | 3,500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 56,000 | 3,000 | 64,000 | 2,000 | 85,000 | 5,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 71,000 | 2,500 | 74,000 | 1,500 | 37,000 | 11,000 | 59,000 | 4,000 | 54,000 | 16,000 |
Permanent resident | 70,000 | 4,500 | 74,000 | 7,500 | 40,000 | 8,000 | 59,000 | 500 | 59,000 | 18,500 |
Temporary resident | 71,000 | 2,000 | 74,000 | 2,500 | 30,000 | 5,500 | S | S | D | D |
Health and related | 65,000 | 1,500 | 70,000 | 2,500 | 62,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 4,000 |
U.S. citizen | 65,000 | 2,000 | 70,000 | 1,500 | 62,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 4,000 |
Native-born | 65,000 | 1,000 | 69,000 | 3,000 | 62,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 2,000 | 75,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 72,000 | 4,500 | 74,000 | 5,000 | 55,000 | 12,500 | 50,000 | 3,500 | 71,000 | 9,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 58,000 | 10,000 | 56,000 | 9,500 | 90,000 | 42,500 | D | D | 59,000 | 14,500 |
Permanent resident | 54,000 | 14,000 | 53,000 | 15,500 | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Temporary resident | 60,000 | 15,000 | 61,000 | 15,500 | 70,000 | 12,500 | D | D | D | D |
S&E manager | 110,000 | 3,000 | 120,000 | 500 | 104,000 | 27,000 | 74,000 | 5,000 | 91,000 | 4,000 |
U.S. citizen | 112,000 | 6,000 | 122,000 | 4,000 | 106,000 | 26,000 | 74,000 | 5,000 | 91,000 | 3,500 |
Native-born | 110,000 | 2,000 | 120,000 | 1,000 | 108,000 | 30,000 | 74,000 | 5,000 | 91,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 122,000 | 4,500 | 127,000 | 5,000 | S | S | D | D | 92,000 | 8,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 94,000 | 10,500 | 94,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 104,000 | 10,000 | 107,000 | 10,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 88,000 | 5,000 | 88,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
S&E precollege teacher | 55,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D | 55,000 | 1,500 | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 55,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D | 55,000 | 1,500 | D | D |
Native-born | 54,000 | 2,000 | D | D | D | D | 54,000 | 2,000 | D | D |
Naturalized | 64,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D | 64,000 | 1,500 | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 59,000 | 3,000 | D | D | D | D | 59,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
Permanent resident | 59,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | 59,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Temporary resident | 71,000 | 21,500 | D | D | D | D | 71,000 | 21,500 | D | D |
S&E technician/ technologist | 80,000 | 3,000 | 84,000 | 2,500 | 39,000 | 2,500 | S | S | 72,000 | 3,500 |
U.S. citizen | 82,000 | 2,000 | 84,000 | 1,500 | 44,000 | 4,500 | S | S | 72,000 | 5,000 |
Native-born | 80,000 | 3,500 | 83,000 | 3,000 | 45,000 | 10,500 | S | S | 72,000 | 5,500 |
Naturalized | 84,000 | 1,500 | 84,000 | 11,000 | 43,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 71,000 | 13,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 65,000 | 8,500 | 72,000 | 8,000 | 24,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 74,000 | 15,500 | 81,000 | 11,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 60,000 | 7,500 | 70,000 | 5,500 | 22,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D |
Other S&E-related | 72,000 | 7,000 | 71,000 | 7,000 | S | S | D | D | 96,000 | 15,000 |
U.S. citizen | 75,000 | 6,000 | 75,000 | 7,000 | S | S | D | D | 96,000 | 15,000 |
Native-born | 74,000 | 8,000 | 73,000 | 8,500 | S | S | D | D | S | S |
Naturalized | 98,000 | 12,000 | 98,000 | 25,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 60,000 | 4,500 | 60,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 58,000 | 5,000 | 58,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 57,000 | 9,500 | 57,000 | 9,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 60,000 | 1,000 | 69,000 | 2,500 | 46,000 | 3,000 | 52,000 | 500 | 68,000 | 3,000 |
U.S. citizen | 60,000 | 500 | 68,000 | 4,000 | 47,000 | 3,500 | 52,000 | 500 | 68,000 | 2,500 |
Native-born | 60,000 | 500 | 65,000 | 3,500 | 45,000 | 2,000 | 52,000 | 500 | 69,000 | 2,500 |
Naturalized | 70,000 | 2,500 | 76,000 | 7,000 | 61,000 | 2,000 | 60,000 | 3,500 | 66,000 | 11,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 64,000 | 4,500 | 70,000 | 4,000 | 26,000 | 12,000 | 24,000 | 10,500 | 27,000 | 4,000 |
Permanent resident | 58,000 | 8,500 | 62,000 | 4,000 | 59,000 | 14,000 | S | S | S | S |
Temporary resident | 77,000 | 6,500 | 89,000 | 12,500 | 16,000 | 1,000 | S | S | D | D |
Arts/ humanities/ related | 37,000 | 4,500 | 37,000 | 3,000 | 53,000 | 13,500 | D | D | 58,000 | 5,500 |
U.S. citizen | 37,000 | 2,000 | 37,000 | 3,000 | 54,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 59,000 | 10,000 |
Native-born | 37,000 | 2,000 | 37,000 | 2,000 | 54,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 59,000 | 10,000 |
Naturalized | S | S | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 45,000 | 6,500 | 46,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 40,000 | 17,000 | 40,000 | 15,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Management-related | 85,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 62,000 | 5,500 | 59,000 | 7,000 | 78,000 | 4,000 |
U.S. citizen | 85,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 62,000 | 5,000 | 59,000 | 7,000 | 78,000 | 4,000 |
Native-born | 85,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 3,500 | 54,000 | 12,000 | 48,000 | 13,000 | 80,000 | 4,500 |
Naturalized | 83,000 | 7,000 | 90,000 | 4,000 | 72,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 71,000 | 20,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 77,000 | 6,500 | 78,000 | 12,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 84,000 | 14,500 | 89,000 | 12,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 75,000 | 3,500 | 75,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E manager | 113,000 | 3,500 | 125,000 | 6,000 | 90,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 6,500 | 104,000 | 6,000 |
U.S. citizen | 114,000 | 4,000 | 129,000 | 7,000 | 90,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 6,500 | 104,000 | 6,000 |
Native-born | 113,000 | 3,500 | 125,000 | 6,500 | 89,000 | 3,000 | 85,000 | 7,500 | 107,000 | 8,000 |
Naturalized | 119,000 | 11,500 | 149,000 | 4,000 | 82,000 | 5,500 | 78,000 | 7,500 | 93,000 | 2,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 99,000 | 8,000 | 99,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 94,000 | 13,000 | 95,000 | 13,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 106,000 | 10,000 | 106,000 | 10,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E postsecondary teacher | 26,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 24,000 | 2,000 | 41,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 26,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 24,000 | 2,000 | 40,000 | 4,500 | D | D |
Native-born | 28,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 25,000 | 2,500 | 41,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
Naturalized | 22,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 22,000 | 4,500 | 21,000 | 6,000 | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 18,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 17,000 | 1,000 | S | S | D | D |
Permanent resident | 43,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 26,000 | 11,500 | S | S | D | D |
Temporary resident | 16,000 | 1,000 | D | D | 16,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E precollege/ other teacher | 50,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D | 50,000 | 1,000 | D | D |
U.S. citizen | 50,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D | 50,000 | 1,000 | D | D |
Native-born | 50,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D | 50,000 | 1,500 | D | D |
Naturalized | 50,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | 50,000 | 9,000 | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | S | S | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Permanent resident | S | S | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Temporary resident | S | S | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Sales/ marketing | 65,000 | 5,500 | 65,000 | 6,000 | 50,000 | 18,500 | D | D | 83,000 | 14,000 |
U.S. citizen | 65,000 | 5,000 | 65,000 | 6,500 | 50,000 | 18,500 | D | D | 83,000 | 14,000 |
Native-born | 68,000 | 6,500 | 68,000 | 7,500 | 41,000 | 14,500 | D | D | 85,000 | 14,000 |
Naturalized | 62,000 | 1,000 | 62,000 | 1,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-U.S. citizen | 69,000 | 29,500 | 69,000 | 29,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 45,000 | 12,500 | 45,000 | 12,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 143,000 | 17,000 | 143,000 | 17,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Social service-related | 46,000 | 1,500 | 41,000 | 1,500 | 45,000 | 2,000 | 54,000 | 2,000 | 55,000 | 3,000 |
U.S. citizen | 47,000 | 2,000 | 42,000 | 2,500 | 44,000 | 1,500 | 54,000 | 2,000 | 56,000 | 3,000 |
Native-born | 46,000 | 1,500 | 41,000 | 2,500 | 44,000 | 3,000 | 54,000 | 2,000 | 57,000 | 4,000 |
Naturalized | 53,000 | 5,000 | 52,000 | 8,500 | 60,000 | 8,000 | 55,000 | 10,000 | 46,000 | 3,500 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 33,000 | 6,000 | 31,000 | 4,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 32,000 | 6,000 | 31,000 | 5,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 41,000 | 7,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other non-S&E | 37,000 | 2,500 | 35,000 | 3,500 | 30,000 | 1,500 | 21,000 | 4,500 | 52,000 | 2,500 |
U.S. citizen | 38,000 | 2,000 | 37,000 | 4,500 | 31,000 | 2,500 | 22,000 | 5,000 | 53,000 | 2,500 |
Native-born | 38,000 | 2,500 | 34,000 | 4,000 | 31,000 | 2,500 | 21,000 | 5,500 | 54,000 | 3,000 |
Naturalized | 44,000 | 4,000 | 43,000 | 3,500 | 39,000 | 13,500 | 33,000 | 14,000 | 50,000 | 5,000 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 27,000 | 6,000 | 27,000 | 6,500 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Permanent resident | 23,000 | 10,500 | 19,000 | 3,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Temporary resident | 28,000 | 2,000 | 30,000 | 6,500 | 16,000 | 1,500 | D | D | D | D |
Data codes used in these tables: * = value < 500. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
Abbreviations used in these tables: S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
NOTES: Salaries are for principal job and rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors for salaries are rounded up to the nearest $500. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Scientists and engineers are bachelor's and higher degreed individuals living in the United States with an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. See appendix for additional details on coverage, eligibility, educational field classification, and occupational classification. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations, and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. Government includes federal (civilian), military, state, and local employers. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 24 February 2015. |