Data

Duke U.

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,580,756   1,507,996   1,390,538   1,237,686   1,196,638   1,226,517   1,167,611   1,126,924   1,055,778   1,036,698
    Science   1,446,602   1,380,300   1,271,922   1,127,800   1,084,552   1,112,549   1,061,232   1,033,367   969,300   943,613
      Computer and information sciences   14,349   12,836   8,320   5,273   6,019   5,845   5,785   5,611   5,271   5,693
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   13,314   9,796   8,178   7,310   9,675   11,077   11,171   11,054   10,214   17,810
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   4,633   1,742   1,455   1,186   2,130   3,364   3,404   2,702   3,063   2,427
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   8,681   8,054   6,723   6,124   7,545   7,713   7,767   8,352   7,151   6,154
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   9,229
      Life sciences   1,320,164   1,266,314   1,174,640   1,040,786   990,897   1,018,199   971,355   950,245   888,830   855,980
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   328,660   317,434   289,829   291,851   245,327   237,097   221,378   207,819   203,682   206,433
        Health sciences   962,551   922,346   857,681   721,730   717,323   749,965   718,370   696,085   639,042   617,925
        Natural resources and conservation   9,784   9,756   10,004   10,570   10,726   9,051   7,897   8,074   10,756   0
        Life sciences nec   19,169   16,778   17,126   16,635   17,521   22,086   23,710   38,267   35,350   31,622
      Mathematics and statistics   9,766   8,374   9,125   8,922   9,842   10,319   9,766   9,306   10,238   12,126
      Physical sciences   31,447   29,127   23,281   22,131   22,396   21,176   19,322   17,992   19,074   18,093
        Astronomy and astrophysics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Chemistry   16,902   16,182   12,672   11,536   9,809   10,711   9,293   8,425   8,973   7,803
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   14,545   12,945   10,609   10,595   12,587   10,465   10,029   9,567   10,101   10,290
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   10,371   10,189   7,467   6,923   8,953   11,226   9,647   6,777   6,996   8,239
      Social sciences   46,752   43,163   40,627   36,432   36,760   34,532   34,186   32,382   28,677   25,672
        Anthropology   4,117   3,158   1,361   1,278   1,742   1,502   1,111   938   660   0
        Economics   5,108   3,749   3,997   2,930   3,790   4,170   2,433   4,772   5,807   5,641
        Political science and government   802   918   1,118   469   770   15,135   14,501   14,751   11,502   11,543
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   11,720   11,645   12,180   11,349   10,273   11,105   12,858   8,437   7,165   6,031
        Social sciences nec   25,005   23,693   21,971   20,406   20,185   2,620   3,283   3,484   3,543   2,457
      Sciences nec   439   501   284   23   10   175   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   119,628   109,885   102,748   94,483   95,657   100,379   92,715   80,554   74,746   85,580
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   50,957   49,428   47,302   45,357   43,021   39,559   36,419   29,529   24,134   26,681
      Chemical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil engineering   13,422   10,221   9,177   9,086   9,763   13,331   13,780   8,942   7,149   5,659
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,405   36,043   34,006   28,351   31,499   32,513   25,955   23,782   22,850   33,193
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   15,901   12,099   10,424   10,058   8,266   8,684   9,259   7,771   6,882   7,317
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   1,849   1,972   1,723   1,461   2,282   4,114   4,490   7,593   9,753   8,820
      Engineering nec   94   122   116   170   826   2,178   2,812   2,937   3,978   3,910
    Non-S&E   14,526   17,811   15,868   15,403   16,429   13,589   13,664   13,003   11,732   7,505
      Business management and business administration   7,516   11,788   12,685   11,834   13,537   10,643   9,992   9,396   7,940   4,669
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   95
      Education   303   41   0   61   96   150   193   386   292   296
      Humanities   4,652   2,985   1,534   1,503   1,622   1,522   2,405   1,461   1,395   1,380
      Law   1,207   1,054   761   705   741   670   256   548   742   631
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   143   152   235   211   47   286   293   384   403   339
      Non-S&E nec   705   1,791   653   1,089   386   318   525   828   960   95

NOTES:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

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