Data

Duke U.

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2023–14
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
  All R&D fields   1,507,996   1,390,538   1,237,686   1,196,638   1,226,517   1,167,611   1,126,924   1,055,778   1,036,698   1,036,813
    Science   1,380,300   1,271,922   1,127,800   1,084,552   1,112,549   1,061,232   1,033,367   969,300   943,613   954,486
      Computer and information sciences   12,836   8,320   5,273   6,019   5,845   5,785   5,611   5,271   5,693   4,639
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   9,796   8,178   7,310   9,675   11,077   11,171   11,054   10,214   17,810   18,387
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   1,742   1,455   1,186   2,130   3,364   3,404   2,702   3,063   2,427   2,435
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   8,054   6,723   6,124   7,545   7,713   7,767   8,352   7,151   6,154   6,038
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   9,229   9,914
      Life sciences   1,266,314   1,174,640   1,040,786   990,897   1,018,199   971,355   950,245   888,830   855,980   867,513
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   317,434   289,829   291,851   245,327   237,097   221,378   207,819   203,682   206,433   223,392
        Health sciences   922,346   857,681   721,730   717,323   749,965   718,370   696,085   639,042   617,925   614,876
        Natural resources and conservation   9,756   10,004   10,570   10,726   9,051   7,897   8,074   10,756   0   0
        Life sciences nec   16,778   17,126   16,635   17,521   22,086   23,710   38,267   35,350   31,622   29,245
      Mathematics and statistics   8,374   9,125   8,922   9,842   10,319   9,766   9,306   10,238   12,126   12,791
      Physical sciences   29,127   23,281   22,131   22,396   21,176   19,322   17,992   19,074   18,093   17,406
        Astronomy and astrophysics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Chemistry   16,182   12,672   11,536   9,809   10,711   9,293   8,425   8,973   7,803   7,152
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   12,945   10,609   10,595   12,587   10,465   10,029   9,567   10,101   10,290   10,254
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   10,189   7,467   6,923   8,953   11,226   9,647   6,777   6,996   8,239   10,297
      Social sciences   43,163   40,627   36,432   36,760   34,532   34,186   32,382   28,677   25,672   23,453
        Anthropology   3,158   1,361   1,278   1,742   1,502   1,111   938   660   0   0
        Economics   3,749   3,997   2,930   3,790   4,170   2,433   4,772   5,807   5,641   5,882
        Political science and government   918   1,118   469   770   15,135   14,501   14,751   11,502   11,543   10,582
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   11,645   12,180   11,349   10,273   11,105   12,858   8,437   7,165   6,031   3,942
        Social sciences nec   23,693   21,971   20,406   20,185   2,620   3,283   3,484   3,543   2,457   3,047
      Sciences nec   501   284   23   10   175   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   109,885   102,748   94,483   95,657   100,379   92,715   80,554   74,746   85,580   76,918
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   49,428   47,302   45,357   43,021   39,559   36,419   29,529   24,134   26,681   20,293
      Chemical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil engineering   10,221   9,177   9,086   9,763   13,331   13,780   8,942   7,149   5,659   5,441
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   36,043   34,006   28,351   31,499   32,513   25,955   23,782   22,850   33,193   30,547
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   12,099   10,424   10,058   8,266   8,684   9,259   7,771   6,882   7,317   5,150
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   1,972   1,723   1,461   2,282   4,114   4,490   7,593   9,753   8,820   10,471
      Engineering nec   122   116   170   826   2,178   2,812   2,937   3,978   3,910   5,016
    Non-S&E   17,811   15,868   15,403   16,429   13,589   13,664   13,003   11,732   7,505   5,409
      Business management and business administration   11,788   12,685   11,834   13,537   10,643   9,992   9,396   7,940   4,669   2,155
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   95   0
      Education   41   0   61   96   150   193   386   292   296   164
      Humanities   2,985   1,534   1,503   1,622   1,522   2,405   1,461   1,395   1,380   1,973
      Law   1,054   761   705   741   670   256   548   742   631   467
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   152   235   211   47   286   293   384   403   339   555
      Non-S&E nec   1,791   653   1,089   386   318   525   828   960   95   95

NOTES:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

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