Data

Harvard U.

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,494,527   1,435,218   1,308,458   1,254,008   1,239,983   1,239,736   1,173,371   1,123,160   1,077,253   1,013,753
    Science   1,232,016   1,197,209   1,100,381   1,052,143   1,018,460 i   1,033,507 i   969,826 i   927,359 i   941,819   881,460
      Computer and information sciences   25,831   28,969   21,712   20,858   15,250   15,229   15,431   13,534   11,229   5,603
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   29,828   30,302   38,984   38,756   43,505   43,664   42,697   37,409   37,326   31,544
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   7,229   7,192   7,508   6,193   5,791   4,506   2,368   772   302   263
        Geological and earth sciences   9,084   10,324   9,216   8,834   10,816   10,105   11,815   10,390   9,438   9,805
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   145   367   451   820   25   21   18   13   33   36
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   13,370   12,419   21,809   22,909   26,873   29,032   28,496   26,234   27,553   21,440
      Life sciences   817,904   793,236   741,297   714,069   684,127 i   704,460 i   656,790 i   633,462 i   599,596   533,231
        Agricultural sciences   165   0   0   26   47   0   0   0   0   18
        Biological and biomedical sciences   667,805   647,908   561,958   539,289   534,656   536,371   486,362   479,595   421,924   374,276
        Health sciences   145,348   140,426   131,479   133,571   122,619   137,745   136,254   121,625   145,780   139,473
        Natural resources and conservation   3,013   4,068   7,218   8,023   2,981 i   3,435 i   4,370 i   3,066 i   0   0
        Life sciences nec   1,573   834   40,642   33,160   23,824 i   26,909 i   29,804 i   29,176 i   31,892   19,464
      Mathematics and statistics   24,070   19,878   22,230   19,503   20,038   22,127   22,908   20,679   11,866   10,558
      Physical sciences   136,052   134,733   118,530   109,606   100,654   94,515   84,054   84,679   82,643   72,929
        Astronomy and astrophysics   15,144   14,369   12,087   11,658   16,435   14,467   15,000   14,273   12,401   11,337
        Chemistry   35,731   34,728   37,601   37,078   33,675   34,683   29,444   31,204   30,835   32,068
        Materials science   0   3,996   52   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   73,860   70,188   66,873   59,910   49,146   43,696   36,953   36,614   36,276   28,073
        Physical sciences nec   11,317   11,452   1,917   960   1,398   1,669   2,657   2,588   3,131   1,451
      Psychology   6,923   8,218   6,355   4,200   5,099   6,829   8,362   8,711   7,588   6,772
      Social sciences   182,911   169,192   144,801   136,543   142,484   141,321   134,493   124,966   100,223   97,165
        Anthropology   5,977   5,387   2,537   1,692   2,117   1,524   2,033   1,742   1,695   0
        Economics   39,543   33,270   32,074   30,422   33,563   29,355   23,248   16,177   13,063   8,400
        Political science and government   45,855   44,567   36,713   37,058   41,849   46,607   44,867   44,683   41,064   51,126
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   31,983   31,872   6,062   5,495   2,059   2,297   2,490   3,520   3,093   1,366
        Social sciences nec   59,553   54,096   67,415   61,876   62,896   61,538   61,855   58,844   41,308   36,273
      Sciences nec   8,497   12,681   6,472   8,608   7,303   5,362   5,091   3,919   91,348   123,658
    Engineering   106,255   99,830   96,920   92,782   97,884   95,651   96,786   105,231   70,131   73,786 i
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   18,072   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   2,192 i
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   64,706   47,731   62,685   60,912   60,486   65,491   57,016   60,437   30,546   28,896
      Chemical engineering   2,096   1,410   1,513   1,398   382   335   472   488   620   2,381
      Civil engineering   4,984   7,420   4,317   3,339   3,646   4,660   6,195   10,159   6,527   7,201
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   9,925   5,245   5,323   5,783   11,132   11,751   10,619   11,892   9,830   7,620
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   290   538   292   614   815   567   2,914   2,584   3,214   3,300
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   19,760   17,947   20,335   19,474   19,888   11,652   14,225   13,521   12,102   14,683
      Engineering nec   4,494   1,467   2,455   1,262   1,535   1,195   5,345   6,150   7,292   7,513 i
    Non-S&E   156,256   138,179   111,157   109,083   123,639   110,578   106,759   90,570   65,303   58,507
      Business management and business administration   37,252   36,108   32,502   32,862   36,568   17,433   16,350   14,202   13,467   8,385
      Communication and communications technologies   674   3,687   3,057   2,769   3,004   1,491   2,707   242   211   789
      Education   51,099   47,420   40,789   43,542   50,226   60,198   60,295   52,090   36,278   34,773
      Humanities   39,056   22,073   12,226   9,961   10,009   8,916   8,025   7,071   5,103   4,872
      Law   23,294   24,364   20,298   18,388   21,871   20,707   17,291   15,109   8,950   8,414
      Social work   8   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   4,873   4,527   2,285   1,561   1,961   1,833   1,773   1,651   1,294   1,274
      Non-S&E nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   318   205   0   0

i=imputed

NOTES:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

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