Data
Reed C.
| Field | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All R&D fields | 5,154 | 5,155 | 5,155 | 5,155 | 5,155 | 3,240 | 2,607 | 1,415 | 3,213 | 3,050 | ||||||||||
| Science | 3,626 | 3,547 | i | 3,470 | i | 3,392 | i | 3,662 | 3,240 | 2,607 | 1,415 | 3,213 | 3,050 | |||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 9 | 8 | i | 8 | i | 7 | i | 68 | 128 | 68 | 62 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Geological and earth sciences | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Life sciences | 1,332 | 1,278 | i | 1,226 | i | 1,173 | i | 1,573 | 1,588 | 1,754 | 803 | 1,770 | 1,456 | |||||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 1,332 | 1,278 | i | 1,226 | i | 1,173 | i | 1,573 | 1,588 | 1,754 | 803 | 1,770 | 1,449 | |||||||
| Health sciences | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Life sciences nec | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 323 | 329 | i | 334 | i | 339 | i | 223 | 370 | 275 | 289 | 375 | 165 | |||||||
| Physical sciences | 1,184 | 1,136 | i | 1,089 | i | 1,042 | i | 886 | 623 | 374 | 123 | 559 | 424 | |||||||
| Astronomy and astrophysics | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Chemistry | 851 | 814 | i | 778 | i | 743 | i | 757 | 222 | 243 | 82 | 427 | 335 | |||||||
| Materials science | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Physics | 333 | 322 | i | 311 | i | 299 | i | 129 | 401 | 131 | 41 | 132 | 89 | |||||||
| Physical sciences nec | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Psychology | 276 | 276 | i | 275 | i | 274 | i | 473 | 209 | 78 | 114 | 418 | 677 | |||||||
| Social sciences | 502 | 520 | i | 538 | i | 557 | i | 439 | 322 | 58 | 24 | 91 | 328 | |||||||
| Anthropology | 102 | 108 | i | 113 | i | 118 | i | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Economics | 54 | 57 | i | 60 | i | 63 | i | 86 | 218 | 20 | 11 | 62 | 199 | |||||||
| Political science and government | 158 | 165 | i | 174 | i | 183 | i | 326 | 82 | 18 | 11 | 27 | 113 | |||||||
| Sociology, demography, and population studies | 188 | 190 | i | 191 | i | 193 | i | 2 | 22 | 20 | 2 | 2 | 16 | |||||||
| Social sciences nec | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Sciences nec | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Chemical engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Civil engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Engineering nec | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Non-S&E | 1,528 | 1,608 | i | 1,685 | i | 1,763 | i | 1,493 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Business management and business administration | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Communication and communications technologies | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Education | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Humanities | 499 | 525 | i | 549 | i | 575 | i | 985 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Law | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Social work | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Visual and performing arts | 164 | 173 | i | 181 | i | 189 | i | 205 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
| Non-S&E nec | 865 | 910 | i | 955 | i | 999 | i | 303 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||
i=imputed
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

