Data
Smith C.
| Field | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All R&D fields | 7,375 | 5,954 | 5,831 | 4,085 | 4,685 | 6,041 | 5,954 | 6,055 | 4,466 | 5,268 | ||||||||||
| Science | 5,741 | 4,496 | 4,437 | 2,945 | 3,095 | 4,777 | 4,797 | 4,537 | 3,349 | 4,156 | ||||||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 542 | 659 | 504 | 352 | 391 | 427 | 606 | 624 | 239 | 382 | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 251 | 128 | 120 | 228 | 36 | 117 | 69 | 64 | 49 | 100 | ||||||||||
| Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Geological and earth sciences | 251 | 128 | 120 | 228 | 36 | 117 | 69 | 64 | 49 | 61 | ||||||||||
| Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | ||||||||||
| Life sciences | 2,640 | 2,023 | 2,701 | 1,462 | 1,783 | 2,368 | 2,646 | 2,511 | 1,997 | 2,065 | ||||||||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 2,490 | 1,883 | 2,567 | 1,305 | 1,657 | 2,338 | 2,548 | 2,016 | 1,987 | 2,058 | ||||||||||
| Health sciences | 150 | 139 | 133 | 146 | 126 | 17 | 98 | 6 | 6 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Life sciences nec | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 489 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 634 | 455 | 296 | 120 | 182 | 296 | 348 | 515 | 350 | 391 | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences | 769 | 517 | 453 | 495 | 321 | 499 | 433 | 280 | 266 | 623 | ||||||||||
| Astronomy and astrophysics | 34 | 37 | 9 | 29 | 2 | 84 | 42 | 53 | 34 | 30 | ||||||||||
| Chemistry | 360 | 293 | 342 | 246 | 217 | 242 | 221 | 161 | 147 | 133 | ||||||||||
| Materials science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Physics | 375 | 187 | 102 | 220 | 102 | 173 | 170 | 66 | 85 | 460 | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences nec | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Psychology | 201 | 357 | 145 | 195 | 226 | 521 | 491 | 394 | 278 | 457 | ||||||||||
| Social sciences | 303 | 283 | 152 | 93 | 151 | 549 | 173 | 127 | 96 | 117 | ||||||||||
| Anthropology | 39 | 44 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 24 | 13 | 16 | 6 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Economics | 82 | 130 | 68 | 21 | 59 | 147 | 68 | 31 | 50 | 38 | ||||||||||
| Political science and government | 49 | 61 | 38 | 40 | 34 | 315 | 53 | 38 | 19 | 45 | ||||||||||
| Sociology, demography, and population studies | 133 | 48 | 32 | 20 | 48 | 63 | 39 | 42 | 21 | 34 | ||||||||||
| Social sciences nec | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Sciences nec | 401 | 74 | 66 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 31 | 22 | 74 | 21 | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 417 | 567 | 599 | 688 | 952 | 553 | 563 | 674 | 775 | 850 | ||||||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 28 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 42 | 27 | 4 | 28 | ||||||||||
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 115 | 195 | 220 | 92 | 422 | 182 | 188 | 176 | 173 | 158 | ||||||||||
| Chemical engineering | 23 | 66 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Civil engineering | 69 | 260 | 287 | 0 | 394 | 213 | 20 | 36 | 106 | 25 | ||||||||||
| Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 64 | 41 | 10 | 33 | 71 | 45 | 37 | 34 | 46 | 97 | ||||||||||
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 2 | 7 | 227 | 24 | 20 | 4 | 9 | 23 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Engineering nec | 146 | 3 | 19 | 318 | 38 | 87 | 272 | 392 | 423 | 542 | ||||||||||
| Non-S&E | 1,217 | 891 | 795 | 452 | 638 | 711 | 594 | 844 | 342 | 262 | ||||||||||
| Business management and business administration | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Communication and communications technologies | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Education | 223 | 69 | 25 | 84 | 106 | 30 | 11 | 29 | 13 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Humanities | 587 | 454 | 386 | 144 | 313 | 459 | 384 | 645 | 212 | 151 | ||||||||||
| Law | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| Social work | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 58 | 19 | ||||||||||
| Visual and performing arts | 302 | 297 | 231 | 104 | 195 | 192 | 149 | 138 | 35 | 82 | ||||||||||
| Non-S&E nec | 102 | 67 | 149 | 117 | 17 | 18 | 48 | 30 | 24 | 5 | ||||||||||
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

