Data

U. Pennsylvania

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   2,167,504   1,953,617   1,791,311   1,631,950   1,579,364   1,506,285   1,441,931   1,374,293   1,296,429   864,068
    Science   1,876,623   1,694,823   1,545,690   1,403,617   1,350,669   1,290,393   1,236,717   1,183,407   1,079,467   782,618
      Computer and information sciences   27,960   21,066   29,513   27,396   26,318   26,968   23,703   20,149   17,589   13,751
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   2,251   2,293   1,856   1,929   1,760   2,455   1,266   1,935   1,724   1,359
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   2,251   2,293   1,856   1,929   1,760   2,455   1,266   1,935   1,724   1,270
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   89
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Life sciences   1,659,885   1,497,834   1,364,745   1,243,966   1,185,719   1,125,634   1,070,969   1,022,472   942,243   680,065
        Agricultural sciences   1,060   1,109   1,000   1,003   1,140   926   945   918   620   172
        Biological and biomedical sciences   1,170,917   1,053,560   936,939   835,864   780,497   743,835   727,296   692,343   628,134   205,927
        Health sciences   437,693   412,203   352,904   329,713   326,566   301,611   270,535   262,444   247,503   463,167
        Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Life sciences nec   50,215   30,962   73,902   77,386   77,516   79,262   72,193   66,767   65,986   10,799
      Mathematics and statistics   9,599   8,603   8,921   8,637   6,817   7,432   5,975   7,373   6,173   3,294
      Physical sciences   84,635   72,101   67,341   59,246   58,157   60,150   55,476   46,244   39,426   29,134
        Astronomy and astrophysics   1,711   1,610   1,664   1,305   1,579   1,375   1,486   1,421   0   0
        Chemistry   26,797   26,793   25,511   23,124   21,246   20,121   18,743   15,403   13,506   10,595
        Materials science   21,226   17,580   15,712   14,089   13,961   14,848   12,145   6,604   6,055   0
        Physics   34,901   26,118   24,454   20,728   21,371   23,806   23,102   22,816   19,865   18,539
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   16,207   17,413   16,035   15,250   15,854   14,222   18,872   21,397   20,638   22,774
      Social sciences   69,570   66,203   53,759   46,021   51,374   49,088   49,776   48,579   41,676   25,956
        Anthropology   1,258   1,428   1,484   1,378   1,167   872   959   1,491   729   0
        Economics   6,009   3,866   5,988   5,756   6,148   5,980   5,541   4,977   3,986   1,242
        Political science and government   7,194   6,277   3,393   3,782   4,260   4,705   4,360   2,015   191   4,512
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   30,816   26,778   22,405   19,644   23,377   22,400   23,300   21,052   20,400   5,378
        Social sciences nec   24,293   27,854   20,489   15,461   16,422   15,131   15,616   19,044   16,370   14,824
      Sciences nec   6,516   9,310   3,520   1,172   4,670   4,444   10,680   15,258   9,998   6,285
    Engineering   124,526   112,740   106,282   88,937   82,299   78,444   67,574   64,279   61,366   46,031
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   34,551   34,022   30,184   25,127   20,457   22,871   19,199   15,979   15,886   10,898
      Chemical engineering   13,092   11,657   9,817   10,192   9,194   10,328   9,682   9,911   7,468   4,383
      Civil engineering   3   15   12   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   37,785   25,931   23,441   19,676   16,788   15,628   14,338   14,850   18,657   14,673
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   23   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   21,449   19,885   24,366   20,591   22,352   20,673   15,403   15,212   11,719   8,333
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   6,625
      Engineering nec   17,623   21,230   18,462   13,351   13,508   8,944   8,952   8,327   7,636   1,119
    Non-S&E   166,355   146,054   139,339   139,396   146,396   137,448   137,640   126,607   155,596   35,419
      Business management and business administration   95,903   79,067   80,722   84,856   89,756   75,828   76,729   63,576   47,397   10,454
      Communication and communications technologies   7,070   11,225   8,837   7,313   6,079   5,222   7,018   8,989   8,564   7,038
      Education   14,677   15,332   13,885   14,518   16,188   19,993   18,519   18,428   14,214   7,212
      Humanities   10,934   11,402   10,078   7,361   9,065   8,913   8,308   7,673   3,903   3,078
      Law   18,151   12,108   12,920   11,239   12,632   14,634   13,091   15,628   13,299   2,083
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   4,298
      Visual and performing arts   4,393   3,921   3,622   3,076   2,918   3,099   3,196   2,985   3,709   1,256
      Non-S&E nec   15,227   12,999   9,275   11,033   9,758   9,759   10,779   9,328   64,510   0

NOTES:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

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