Data

Yale U.

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   1,519,694   1,326,807   1,191,201   1,165,148   1,094,135   1,072,309   990,399   951,084   881,765   803,004
    Science   1,452,864   1,271,200   1,145,919   1,111,999   1,042,890   1,020,049   936,917   899,664   839,699   753,952
      Computer and information sciences   12,775   11,131   8,675   7,379   5,969   5,996   6,309   11,375   9,137   8,220
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   9,757   7,593   6,411   7,021   5,916   6,995   7,613   6,448   7,252   8,128
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   9,757   7,593   6,411   7,021   5,916   6,995   7,613   6,448   7,252   8,097
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   31
      Life sciences   1,321,608   1,154,182   1,044,120   1,012,626   944,439   912,802   832,360   796,670   740,937   665,280
        Agricultural sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   105   11,658
        Biological and biomedical sciences   271,443   245,250   226,285   222,114   206,929   208,829   187,310   177,565   178,645   167,143
        Health sciences   1,036,064   899,612   809,589   779,001   726,089   691,959   632,347   606,423   551,237   483,091
        Natural resources and conservation   13,954   9,041   7,514   11,340   11,175   11,773   12,498   12,615   10,950   0
        Life sciences nec   147   279   732   171   246   241   205   67   0   3,388
      Mathematics and statistics   4,511   3,906   3,632   3,589   4,703   3,831   2,528   2,384   2,393   2,726
      Physical sciences   68,364   63,036   57,627   56,847   56,046   62,247   63,981   61,511   59,337   45,565
        Astronomy and astrophysics   6,517   6,105   5,324   5,472   6,853   6,776   9,801   6,976   6,795   6,277
        Chemistry   29,567   28,905   23,376   21,464   21,309   23,452   21,752   22,551   23,208   22,674
        Materials science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Physics   32,280   28,026   28,927   29,911   27,884   32,019   32,428   31,984   29,334   16,614
        Physical sciences nec   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   12,164   11,027   11,550   10,453   9,684   13,211   11,953   12,115   10,061   11,787
      Social sciences   23,239   19,496   13,840   14,055   15,994   14,401   11,683   9,051   10,361   9,484
        Anthropology   2,004   1,923   1,733   1,219   1,143   1,321   1,287   689   941   0
        Economics   13,289   9,834   5,996   6,866   5,613   4,556   4,467   3,008   2,860   3,765
        Political science and government   3,103   2,119   1,915   1,762   918   452   394   50   29   802
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   4,229   4,266   3,200   2,954   2,712   2,584   3,226   2,799   4,626   4,473
        Social sciences nec   614   1,354   996   1,254   5,608   5,488   2,309   2,505   1,905   444
      Sciences nec   446   829   64   29   139   566   490   110   221   2,762
    Engineering   45,279   40,153   36,714   35,778   36,806   36,591   35,939   30,905   26,271   39,001
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   75   0   0   0   0
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   14,321   11,512   10,422   10,206   12,158   13,402   11,482   9,318   7,147   7,372
      Chemical engineering   8,909   8,232   6,281   4,798   5,222   4,723   5,951   5,205   5,371   5,415
      Civil engineering   0   0   0   0   0   53   0   351   446   0
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   10,307   8,920   9,921   11,492   10,978   9,960   10,915   9,885   6,718   5,606
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   8,236   8,711   8,366   7,730   7,619   7,533   7,014   5,947   6,164   6,034
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Engineering nec   3,506   2,778   1,724   1,552   829   845   577   199   425   14,574
    Non-S&E   21,551   15,454   8,568   17,371   14,439   15,669   17,543   20,515   15,795   10,051
      Business management and business administration   1,219   864   1,992   3,663   3,514   3,412   1,813   648   162   291
      Communication and communications technologies   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   79   52   32
      Education   6,392   4,923   1,230   3,693   124   646   1,701   3,188   2,612   152
      Humanities   9,949   6,816   3,782   4,329   5,846   6,288   8,010   11,447   10,771   8,157
      Law   524   222   44   1,046   553   1,251   2,138   2,143   1,664   1,044
      Social work   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   360   397   251   743   385   248   400   803   212   375
      Non-S&E nec   3,107   2,232   1,269   3,897   4,017   3,824   3,481   2,207   322   0

NOTES:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

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