Data
Williams C.
| Field | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All R&D fields | 7,074 | 6,448 | 5,657 | 4,902 | 4,924 | 5,188 | 5,506 | 5,227 | 5,747 | 5,679 | ||||||||||
| Science | 5,299 | i | 4,841 | i | 4,249 | i | 3,560 | i | 3,549 | i | 3,735 | 4,372 | 4,393 | 4,506 | 4,461 | |||||
| Computer and information sciences | 149 | i | 137 | i | 120 | i | 113 | i | 110 | i | 115 | 240 | 148 | 178 | 474 | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 420 | i | 384 | i | 337 | i | 200 | i | 195 | i | 205 | 180 | 189 | 185 | 250 | |||||
| Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Geological and earth sciences | 420 | i | 384 | i | 337 | i | 191 | i | 186 | i | 196 | 176 | 186 | 164 | 180 | |||||
| Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 70 | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 9 | i | 9 | i | 9 | 4 | 3 | 21 | 0 | |||||
| Life sciences | 2,838 | i | 2,592 | i | 2,275 | i | 703 | i | 686 | i | 720 | 600 | 618 | 853 | 692 | |||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 2,838 | i | 2,592 | i | 2,275 | i | 602 | i | 582 | i | 610 | 449 | 500 | 578 | 410 | |||||
| Health sciences | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Life sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 101 | i | 104 | i | 110 | 151 | 118 | 275 | 282 | |||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 129 | i | 119 | i | 105 | i | 411 | i | 401 | i | 419 | 428 | 422 | 239 | 275 | |||||
| Physical sciences | 835 | i | 768 | i | 675 | i | 1,237 | i | 1,245 | i | 1,312 | 1,372 | 1,265 | 1,963 | 1,424 | |||||
| Astronomy and astrophysics | 57 | i | 53 | i | 47 | i | 209 | i | 208 | i | 219 | 479 | 461 | 546 | 228 | |||||
| Chemistry | 548 | i | 503 | i | 442 | i | 152 | i | 156 | i | 165 | 155 | 145 | 183 | 244 | |||||
| Materials science | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Physics | 230 | i | 212 | i | 186 | i | 323 | i | 315 | i | 329 | 197 | 234 | 629 | 563 | |||||
| Physical sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 553 | i | 566 | i | 599 | 541 | 425 | 605 | 389 | |||||
| Psychology | 258 | i | 235 | i | 206 | i | 83 | i | 85 | i | 91 | 184 | 229 | 253 | 256 | |||||
| Social sciences | 670 | i | 606 | i | 531 | i | 812 | i | 827 | i | 873 | 1,368 | 1,522 | 835 | 1,090 | |||||
| Anthropology | 72 | i | 65 | i | 57 | i | 27 | i | 28 | i | 30 | 84 | 43 | 123 | 0 | |||||
| Economics | 161 | i | 145 | i | 127 | i | 397 | i | 402 | i | 424 | 552 | 769 | 231 | 380 | |||||
| Political science and government | 157 | i | 142 | i | 124 | i | 27 | i | 28 | i | 30 | 123 | 113 | 91 | 139 | |||||
| Sociology, demography, and population studies | 73 | i | 67 | i | 59 | i | 1 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 48 | 40 | 17 | 138 | |||||
| Social sciences nec | 207 | i | 187 | i | 164 | i | 360 | i | 369 | i | 389 | 561 | 557 | 373 | 433 | |||||
| Sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 1 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Chemical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Civil engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Engineering nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Non-S&E | 1,775 | i | 1,607 | i | 1,408 | i | 1,342 | i | 1,375 | i | 1,453 | 1,134 | 834 | 1,241 | 1,218 | |||||
| Business management and business administration | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 1 | i | 1 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Communication and communications technologies | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Education | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Humanities | 1,108 | i | 1,001 | i | 876 | i | 681 | i | 698 | i | 738 | 620 | 475 | 775 | 752 | |||||
| Law | 50 | i | 46 | i | 41 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Social work | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Visual and performing arts | 617 | i | 560 | i | 491 | i | 97 | i | 99 | i | 105 | 82 | 52 | 215 | 209 | |||||
| Non-S&E nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 563 | i | 577 | i | 610 | 432 | 307 | 251 | 257 | |||||
i=imputed
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey
