Data
U. Pennsylvania
| Fields | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All fields | 596 | 508 | 516 | 455 | 468 | 450 | 448 | 488 | 464 | 481 |
| Science and engineering | 487 | 400 | 408 | 351 | 353 | 318 | 314 | 352 | 352 | 362 |
| Agricultural sciences and natural resources | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | . | 2 |
| Agricultural sciences | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | . | 2 |
| Natural resources and conservation | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 176 | 156 | 143 | 120 | 112 | 106 | 106 | 129 | 132 | 124 |
| Biochemistry and biophysics | 12 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 20 | 9 | 9 |
| Biology and biomedical sciences, general | 25 | 12 | 17 | 8 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 9 |
| Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology | 11 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
| Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 15 |
| Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology | 4 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 5 |
| Genetics and genomics | 16 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
| Microbiology and immunology | 23 | 21 | 12 | 23 | 15 | 18 | 11 | 26 | 25 | 21 |
| Molecular biology | 47 | 35 | 31 | 27 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 13 | 9 | 13 |
| Neurobiology and neurosciences | 18 | 26 | 21 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 20 | 14 | 24 | 27 |
| Pharmacology and toxicology | 10 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 8 |
| Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology | 8 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 9 |
| Biology and biomedical sciences, other | . | 3 | . | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Computer and information sciences | 19 | 22 | 17 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 12 |
| Computer science | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 9 |
| Computer and information sciences, other | 9 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 3 |
| Engineering | 95 | 71 | 75 | 53 | 56 | 47 | 53 | 53 | 56 | 63 |
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 37 | 21 | 21 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 24 |
| Chemical and petroleum engineering | 12 | 12 | 15 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
| Electrical and computer engineering | 12 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 7 |
| Industrial engineering and operations research | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | . |
| Materials and mining engineering | 7 | 9 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 9 |
| Mechanical engineering | 21 | 12 | 18 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 |
| Engineering, other | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | 5 | . | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Geological sciences | 5 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | 4 | . | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . |
| Health sciences | 17 | 8 | 10 | 19 | 17 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 9 | 14 |
| Nursing science | 16 | 7 | 9 | 18 | 17 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 8 | 13 |
| Public health | 1 | . | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | 2 | . | 1 |
| Health sciences, other | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | 2 | . | 1 | . |
| Mathematics and statistics | 25 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 13 | 10 | 19 | 15 | 10 |
| Applied mathematics | 6 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | . | 1 |
| Mathematics | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Statistics | 7 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 5 |
| Mathematics and statistics, other | 9 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 2 |
| Physical sciences | 53 | 36 | 46 | 48 | 43 | 36 | 40 | 35 | 48 | 50 |
| Astronomy and astrophysics | 10 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Chemistry | 32 | 24 | 29 | 28 | 25 | 15 | 29 | 19 | 27 | 25 |
| Physics | 11 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 12 | 17 | 21 |
| Psychology | 11 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 8 |
| Clinical psychology | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Counseling and applied psychology | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| Research and experimental psychology | 5 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 2 |
| Psychology, other | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 |
| Social sciences | 85 | 80 | 87 | 63 | 75 | 72 | 54 | 74 | 69 | 76 |
| Anthropology | 15 | 8 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 11 |
| Economics | 24 | 28 | 23 | 29 | 16 | 20 | 16 | 23 | 25 | 18 |
| Political science and government | 8 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 11 |
| Public policy analysis | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | 2 | . |
| Sociology, demography, and population studies | 10 | 7 | 17 | 8 | 13 | 8 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 11 |
| Social sciences, other | 28 | 23 | 31 | 18 | 30 | 27 | 19 | 18 | 14 | 25 |
| Non-science and engineering | 109 | 108 | 108 | 104 | 115 | 132 | 134 | 136 | 112 | 119 |
| Business | 20 | 22 | 17 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 17 | 21 |
| Business | 20 | 22 | 17 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 17 | 21 |
| Education | 9 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 23 | 17 | 16 |
| Education research | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 12 |
| Teacher education and teaching fields | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 6 | . | 2 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
| Education, other | 3 | . | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | . |
| Humanities and arts | 54 | 62 | 59 | 51 | 59 | 70 | 75 | 72 | 63 | 68 |
| Letters | 16 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 20 | 16 |
| Foreign languages and literature | 7 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 11 |
| History | 11 | 14 | 15 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 23 | 14 | 18 | 22 |
| Philosophy and religious studies | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 7 |
| Music and performing arts | 5 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 4 |
| Humanities and arts, other | 7 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 7 | 8 |
| Other non-science and engineering | 26 | 17 | 19 | 23 | 21 | 29 | 25 | 20 | 15 | 14 |
| Communication | 14 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 6 |
| Public administration and social services | 2 | . | 2 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 2 | . | 5 |
| Non-science and engineering, other | 10 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates
