Data
William & Mary
Field | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All R&D fields | 75,953 | 68,801 | 66,763 | 64,835 | 65,269 | 64,127 | 63,027 | 61,554 | 59,015 | 57,940 | ||||||||||
Science | 64,142 | 58,063 | 55,857 | 55,687 | 54,378 | 54,197 | 54,491 | 52,642 | 49,428 | 48,183 | ||||||||||
Computer and information sciences | 2,873 | 2,575 | 2,917 | 2,914 | 2,133 | 2,021 | 2,485 | 1,741 | 2,209 | 2,097 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 38,810 | 34,838 | 33,084 | 32,425 | 33,109 | 34,067 | 33,396 | 30,659 | 28,281 | 28,617 | ||||||||||
Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geological and earth sciences | 404 | 303 | 924 | 539 | 363 | 347 | 237 | 90 | 556 | 82 | ||||||||||
Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 38,406 | 34,535 | 32,160 | 31,886 | 32,746 | 33,720 | 33,159 | 30,312 | 26,197 | 28,217 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 257 | 1,528 | 318 | ||||||||||
Life sciences | 3,112 | 2,669 | 2,694 | 2,775 | 3,463 | 2,365 | 2,417 | 3,257 | 2,933 | 4,375 | ||||||||||
Agricultural sciences | 0 | 827 | 453 | 778 | 491 | 360 | 0 | 790 | 694 | 516 | ||||||||||
Biological and biomedical sciences | 2,449 | 1,823 | 2,241 | 1,997 | 2,113 | 1,941 | 1,672 | 2,467 | 2,239 | 3,859 | ||||||||||
Health sciences | 35 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Natural resources and conservation | 626 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 847 | 64 | 745 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences, not elsewhere classified | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mathematics and statistics | 395 | 371 | 438 | 601 | 324 | 232 | 339 | 431 | 475 | 680 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences | 6,411 | 5,985 | 5,781 | 6,554 | 5,219 | 5,565 | 6,249 | 6,770 | 7,849 | 7,488 | ||||||||||
Astronomy and astrophysics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemistry | 990 | 494 | 501 | 766 | 699 | 462 | 583 | 235 | 763 | 205 | ||||||||||
Materials science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Physics | 5,421 | 5,491 | 5,280 | 5,788 | 4,520 | 4,933 | 5,666 | 6,535 | 4,909 | 7,283 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170 | 0 | 0 | 2,177 | 0 | ||||||||||
Psychology | 351 | 367 | 320 | 191 | 211 | 270 | 260 | 276 | 668 | 881 | ||||||||||
Social sciences | 10,114 | 9,878 | 10,623 | 10,227 | 9,532 | 8,290 | 9,345 | 9,508 | 7,013 | 4,045 | ||||||||||
Anthropology | 1,037 | 995 | 995 | 936 | 421 | 9 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Economics | 13 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 18 | 175 | 26 | 122 | 4 | ||||||||||
Political science and government | 8,401 | 7,983 | 3,780 | 4,051 | 2,851 | 70 | 831 | 7,882 | 6,737 | 2,119 | ||||||||||
Sociology, demography, and population studies | 394 | 312 | 112 | 0 | 18 | 15 | 1,677 | 28 | 33 | 119 | ||||||||||
Social sciences, not elsewhere classified | 269 | 582 | 5,735 | 5,240 | 6,219 | 8,178 | 6,642 | 1,572 | 121 | 1,803 | ||||||||||
Sciences, not elsewhere classified | 2,076 | 1,380 | 0 | 0 | 387 | 1,387 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Civil engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E | 11,811 | 10,738 | 10,906 | 9,148 | 10,761 | 9,930 | 8,536 | 8,912 | 9,587 | 9,757 | ||||||||||
Business management and business administration | 1,540 | 1,587 | 1,031 | 607 | 322 | 32 | 309 | 84 | 120 | 231 | ||||||||||
Communication and communications technologies | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Education | 7,023 | 6,993 | 6,609 | 5,901 | 7,338 | 6,542 | 6,834 | 6,703 | 7,690 | 8,833 | ||||||||||
Humanities | 1,247 | 904 | 1,440 | 1,545 | 1,020 | 1,481 | 1,129 | 1,308 | 1,307 | 391 | ||||||||||
Law | 1,928 | 994 | 725 | 876 | 707 | 279 | 250 | 577 | 269 | 53 | ||||||||||
Social work | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Visual and performing arts | 40 | 93 | 120 | 41 | 61 | 51 | 14 | 0 | 62 | 0 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E, not elsewhere classified | 33 | 167 | 981 | 178 | 1,313 | 1,545 | 0 | 240 | 139 | 249 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey