Data
Duke U.
Field | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All R&D fields | 1,390,538 | 1,237,686 | 1,196,638 | 1,226,517 | 1,167,611 | 1,126,924 | 1,055,778 | 1,036,698 | 1,036,813 | 992,821 | ||||||||||
Science | 1,271,922 | 1,127,800 | 1,084,552 | 1,112,549 | 1,061,232 | 1,033,367 | 969,300 | 943,613 | 954,486 | 915,198 | ||||||||||
Computer and information sciences | 8,320 | 5,273 | 6,019 | 5,845 | 5,785 | 5,611 | 5,271 | 5,693 | 4,639 | 5,188 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 8,178 | 7,310 | 9,675 | 11,077 | 11,171 | 11,054 | 10,214 | 17,810 | 18,387 | 20,134 | ||||||||||
Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geological and earth sciences | 1,455 | 1,186 | 2,130 | 3,364 | 3,404 | 2,702 | 3,063 | 2,427 | 2,435 | 2,663 | ||||||||||
Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 6,723 | 6,124 | 7,545 | 7,713 | 7,767 | 8,352 | 7,151 | 6,154 | 6,038 | 6,185 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9,229 | 9,914 | 11,286 | ||||||||||
Life sciences | 1,174,640 | 1,040,786 | 990,897 | 1,018,199 | 971,355 | 950,245 | 888,830 | 855,980 | 867,513 | 811,296 | ||||||||||
Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Biological and biomedical sciences | 289,829 | 291,851 | 245,327 | 237,097 | 221,378 | 207,819 | 203,682 | 206,433 | 223,392 | 224,468 | ||||||||||
Health sciences | 857,681 | 721,730 | 717,323 | 749,965 | 718,370 | 696,085 | 639,042 | 617,925 | 614,876 | 559,210 | ||||||||||
Natural resources and conservation | 10,004 | 10,570 | 10,726 | 9,051 | 7,897 | 8,074 | 10,756 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences, not elsewhere classified | 17,126 | 16,635 | 17,521 | 22,086 | 23,710 | 38,267 | 35,350 | 31,622 | 29,245 | 27,618 | ||||||||||
Mathematics and statistics | 9,125 | 8,922 | 9,842 | 10,319 | 9,766 | 9,306 | 10,238 | 12,126 | 12,791 | 12,199 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences | 23,281 | 22,131 | 22,396 | 21,176 | 19,322 | 17,992 | 19,074 | 18,093 | 17,406 | 20,489 | ||||||||||
Astronomy and astrophysics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemistry | 12,672 | 11,536 | 9,809 | 10,711 | 9,293 | 8,425 | 8,973 | 7,803 | 7,152 | 7,275 | ||||||||||
Materials science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Physics | 10,609 | 10,595 | 12,587 | 10,465 | 10,029 | 9,567 | 10,101 | 10,290 | 10,254 | 13,214 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Psychology | 7,467 | 6,923 | 8,953 | 11,226 | 9,647 | 6,777 | 6,996 | 8,239 | 10,297 | 23,851 | ||||||||||
Social sciences | 40,627 | 36,432 | 36,760 | 34,532 | 34,186 | 32,382 | 28,677 | 25,672 | 23,453 | 21,251 | ||||||||||
Anthropology | 1,361 | 1,278 | 1,742 | 1,502 | 1,111 | 938 | 660 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Economics | 3,997 | 2,930 | 3,790 | 4,170 | 2,433 | 4,772 | 5,807 | 5,641 | 5,882 | 3,858 | ||||||||||
Political science and government | 1,118 | 469 | 770 | 15,135 | 14,501 | 14,751 | 11,502 | 11,543 | 10,582 | 10,143 | ||||||||||
Sociology, demography, and population studies | 12,180 | 11,349 | 10,273 | 11,105 | 12,858 | 8,437 | 7,165 | 6,031 | 3,942 | 5,724 | ||||||||||
Social sciences, not elsewhere classified | 21,971 | 20,406 | 20,185 | 2,620 | 3,283 | 3,484 | 3,543 | 2,457 | 3,047 | 1,526 | ||||||||||
Sciences, not elsewhere classified | 284 | 23 | 10 | 175 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 790 | ||||||||||
Engineering | 102,748 | 94,483 | 95,657 | 100,379 | 92,715 | 80,554 | 74,746 | 85,580 | 76,918 | 72,195 | ||||||||||
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 47,302 | 45,357 | 43,021 | 39,559 | 36,419 | 29,529 | 24,134 | 26,681 | 20,293 | 19,393 | ||||||||||
Chemical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Civil engineering | 9,177 | 9,086 | 9,763 | 13,331 | 13,780 | 8,942 | 7,149 | 5,659 | 5,441 | 4,437 | ||||||||||
Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 34,006 | 28,351 | 31,499 | 32,513 | 25,955 | 23,782 | 22,850 | 33,193 | 30,547 | 30,569 | ||||||||||
Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mechanical engineering | 10,424 | 10,058 | 8,266 | 8,684 | 9,259 | 7,771 | 6,882 | 7,317 | 5,150 | 5,391 | ||||||||||
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 1,723 | 1,461 | 2,282 | 4,114 | 4,490 | 7,593 | 9,753 | 8,820 | 10,471 | 6,485 | ||||||||||
Engineering not elsewhere classified | 116 | 170 | 826 | 2,178 | 2,812 | 2,937 | 3,978 | 3,910 | 5,016 | 5,920 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E | 15,868 | 15,403 | 16,429 | 13,589 | 13,664 | 13,003 | 11,732 | 7,505 | 5,409 | 5,428 | ||||||||||
Business management and business administration | 12,685 | 11,834 | 13,537 | 10,643 | 9,992 | 9,396 | 7,940 | 4,669 | 2,155 | 2,459 | ||||||||||
Communication and communications technologies | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 0 | 60 | ||||||||||
Education | 0 | 61 | 96 | 150 | 193 | 386 | 292 | 296 | 164 | 79 | ||||||||||
Humanities | 1,534 | 1,503 | 1,622 | 1,522 | 2,405 | 1,461 | 1,395 | 1,380 | 1,973 | 1,486 | ||||||||||
Law | 761 | 705 | 741 | 670 | 256 | 548 | 742 | 631 | 467 | 374 | ||||||||||
Social work | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Visual and performing arts | 235 | 211 | 47 | 286 | 293 | 384 | 403 | 339 | 555 | 552 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E, not elsewhere classified | 653 | 1,089 | 386 | 318 | 525 | 828 | 960 | 95 | 95 | 418 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey