Data
Howard U.
Field | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All R&D fields | 67,594 | 52,412 | 44,933 | 44,163 | 45,965 | 45,768 | 41,038 | 47,322 | 40,771 | 42,789 | ||||||||||
Science | 56,215 | 41,907 | 35,741 | 34,826 | 35,480 | 36,211 | 32,808 | 35,016 | 29,778 | 32,712 | ||||||||||
Computer and information sciences | 1,576 | 1,747 | 1,523 | 1,328 | 1,034 | 1,111 | 2,549 | 391 | 629 | 703 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 305 | 289 | 225 | 248 | 618 | 1,101 | 3,394 | 2,502 | 1,080 | 2,725 | ||||||||||
Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geological and earth sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 22 | 0 | ||||||||||
Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 305 | 289 | 225 | 248 | 618 | 1,101 | 3,394 | 2,457 | 1,058 | 2,725 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences | 44,152 | 30,787 | 25,750 | 24,940 | 26,083 | 26,573 | 21,237 | 20,950 | 23,334 | 23,633 | ||||||||||
Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Biological and biomedical sciences | 9,045 | 6,350 | 5,312 | 5,089 | 4,231 | 3,701 | 1,439 | 3,656 | 2,070 | 1,720 | ||||||||||
Health sciences | 28,888 | 21,927 | 18,156 | 17,872 | 19,482 | 20,483 | 19,253 | 14,821 | 20,170 | 20,375 | ||||||||||
Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences, not elsewhere classified | 6,219 | 2,510 | 2,282 | 1,979 | 2,370 | 2,389 | 483 | 2,473 | 1,094 | 1,538 | ||||||||||
Mathematics and statistics | 215 | 198 | 230 | 222 | 225 | 295 | 487 | 518 | 177 | 208 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences | 6,125 | 5,720 | 5,308 | 5,277 | 4,058 | 3,808 | 2,220 | 9,113 | 1,513 | 2,432 | ||||||||||
Astronomy and astrophysics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemistry | 5,348 | 5,000 | 4,546 | 4,558 | 3,457 | 2,969 | 1,999 | 8,607 | 435 | 540 | ||||||||||
Materials science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Physics | 777 | 720 | 762 | 719 | 601 | 839 | 221 | 506 | 1,078 | 1,892 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Psychology | 2,546 | 2,214 | 1,878 | 1,968 | 2,434 | 2,467 | 1,731 | 1,117 | 921 | 1,428 | ||||||||||
Social sciences | 1,296 | 952 | 827 | 843 | 1,028 | 856 | 1,190 | 425 | 2,124 | 1,583 | ||||||||||
Anthropology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Economics | 676 | 457 | 444 | 502 | 593 | 471 | 522 | 416 | 1,127 | 1,514 | ||||||||||
Political science and government | 158 | 109 | 95 | 56 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 965 | 0 | ||||||||||
Sociology, demography, and population studies | 462 | 386 | 288 | 285 | 429 | 381 | 668 | 9 | 32 | 69 | ||||||||||
Social sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering | 10,431 | 9,535 | 8,336 | 8,401 | 9,112 | 8,402 | 7,604 | 10,748 | 8,588 | 8,639 | ||||||||||
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 325 | 337 | 360 | 516 | 443 | 203 | 159 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemical engineering | 705 | 605 | 466 | 571 | 453 | 354 | 167 | 259 | 15 | 0 | ||||||||||
Civil engineering | 1,560 | 1,434 | 1,419 | 1,400 | 1,427 | 1,518 | 1,265 | 2,546 | 3,064 | 3,223 | ||||||||||
Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 4,408 | 4,068 | 3,298 | 3,227 | 4,012 | 3,934 | 4,352 | 5,663 | 3,057 | 2,797 | ||||||||||
Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mechanical engineering | 1,442 | 1,335 | 1,179 | 1,224 | 1,793 | 1,517 | 1,183 | 1,539 | 1,204 | 1,494 | ||||||||||
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 210 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering not elsewhere classified | 1,991 | 1,756 | 1,614 | 1,253 | 984 | 876 | 478 | 741 | 1,248 | 1,125 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E | 948 | 970 | 856 | 936 | 1,373 | 1,155 | 626 | 1,558 | 2,405 | 1,438 | ||||||||||
Business management and business administration | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Communication and communications technologies | 248 | 163 | 143 | 163 | 106 | 120 | 0 | 516 | 888 | 125 | ||||||||||
Education | 35 | 213 | 181 | 107 | 736 | 727 | 588 | 1,042 | 1,454 | 1,179 | ||||||||||
Humanities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Law | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Social work | 665 | 594 | 532 | 436 | 531 | 308 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 134 | ||||||||||
Visual and performing arts | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey