Data
Yale U.
Field | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All R&D fields | 1,191,201 | 1,165,148 | 1,094,135 | 1,072,309 | 990,399 | 951,084 | 881,765 | 803,004 | 772,840 | 788,784 | ||||||||||
Science | 1,145,919 | 1,111,999 | 1,042,890 | 1,020,049 | 936,917 | 899,664 | 839,699 | 753,952 | 724,146 | 754,597 | ||||||||||
Computer and information sciences | 8,675 | 7,379 | 5,969 | 5,996 | 6,309 | 11,375 | 9,137 | 8,220 | 9,508 | 13,443 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 6,411 | 7,021 | 5,916 | 6,995 | 7,613 | 6,448 | 7,252 | 8,128 | 6,117 | 6,126 | ||||||||||
Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,027 | ||||||||||
Geological and earth sciences | 6,411 | 7,021 | 5,916 | 6,995 | 7,613 | 6,448 | 7,252 | 8,097 | 6,020 | 4,866 | ||||||||||
Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 97 | 141 | ||||||||||
Life sciences | 1,044,120 | 1,012,626 | 944,439 | 912,802 | 832,360 | 796,670 | 740,937 | 665,280 | 640,173 | 669,872 | ||||||||||
Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 105 | 11,658 | 7,873 | 3,895 | ||||||||||
Biological and biomedical sciences | 226,285 | 222,114 | 206,929 | 208,829 | 187,310 | 177,565 | 178,645 | 167,143 | 171,674 | 169,256 | ||||||||||
Health sciences | 809,589 | 779,001 | 726,089 | 691,959 | 632,347 | 606,423 | 551,237 | 483,091 | 456,838 | 496,721 | ||||||||||
Natural resources and conservation | 7,514 | 11,340 | 11,175 | 11,773 | 12,498 | 12,615 | 10,950 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences, not elsewhere classified | 732 | 171 | 246 | 241 | 205 | 67 | 0 | 3,388 | 3,788 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mathematics and statistics | 3,632 | 3,589 | 4,703 | 3,831 | 2,528 | 2,384 | 2,393 | 2,726 | 3,695 | 3,123 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences | 57,627 | 56,847 | 56,046 | 62,247 | 63,981 | 61,511 | 59,337 | 45,565 | 42,760 | 40,795 | ||||||||||
Astronomy and astrophysics | 5,324 | 5,472 | 6,853 | 6,776 | 9,801 | 6,976 | 6,795 | 6,277 | 6,964 | 7,180 | ||||||||||
Chemistry | 23,376 | 21,464 | 21,309 | 23,452 | 21,752 | 22,551 | 23,208 | 22,674 | 18,778 | 16,020 | ||||||||||
Materials science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Physics | 28,927 | 29,911 | 27,884 | 32,019 | 32,428 | 31,984 | 29,334 | 16,614 | 17,018 | 17,595 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Psychology | 11,550 | 10,453 | 9,684 | 13,211 | 11,953 | 12,115 | 10,061 | 11,787 | 10,778 | 9,694 | ||||||||||
Social sciences | 13,840 | 14,055 | 15,994 | 14,401 | 11,683 | 9,051 | 10,361 | 9,484 | 7,592 | 11,544 | ||||||||||
Anthropology | 1,733 | 1,219 | 1,143 | 1,321 | 1,287 | 689 | 941 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Economics | 5,996 | 6,866 | 5,613 | 4,556 | 4,467 | 3,008 | 2,860 | 3,765 | 2,852 | 3,080 | ||||||||||
Political science and government | 1,915 | 1,762 | 918 | 452 | 394 | 50 | 29 | 802 | 479 | 151 | ||||||||||
Sociology, demography, and population studies | 3,200 | 2,954 | 2,712 | 2,584 | 3,226 | 2,799 | 4,626 | 4,473 | 3,879 | 287 | ||||||||||
Social sciences, not elsewhere classified | 996 | 1,254 | 5,608 | 5,488 | 2,309 | 2,505 | 1,905 | 444 | 382 | 8,026 | ||||||||||
Sciences, not elsewhere classified | 64 | 29 | 139 | 566 | 490 | 110 | 221 | 2,762 | 3,523 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering | 36,714 | 35,778 | 36,806 | 36,591 | 35,939 | 30,905 | 26,271 | 39,001 | 39,856 | 33,012 | ||||||||||
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 10,422 | 10,206 | 12,158 | 13,402 | 11,482 | 9,318 | 7,147 | 7,372 | 7,095 | 4,284 | ||||||||||
Chemical engineering | 6,281 | 4,798 | 5,222 | 4,723 | 5,951 | 5,205 | 5,371 | 5,415 | 5,050 | 4,733 | ||||||||||
Civil engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 0 | 351 | 446 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 9,921 | 11,492 | 10,978 | 9,960 | 10,915 | 9,885 | 6,718 | 5,606 | 5,467 | 6,634 | ||||||||||
Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mechanical engineering | 8,366 | 7,730 | 7,619 | 7,533 | 7,014 | 5,947 | 6,164 | 6,034 | 5,470 | 5,392 | ||||||||||
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Engineering not elsewhere classified | 1,724 | 1,552 | 829 | 845 | 577 | 199 | 425 | 14,574 | 16,774 | 11,969 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E | 8,568 | 17,371 | 14,439 | 15,669 | 17,543 | 20,515 | 15,795 | 10,051 | 8,838 | 1,175 | ||||||||||
Business management and business administration | 1,992 | 3,663 | 3,514 | 3,412 | 1,813 | 648 | 162 | 291 | 134 | 31 | ||||||||||
Communication and communications technologies | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 52 | 32 | 39 | 32 | ||||||||||
Education | 1,230 | 3,693 | 124 | 646 | 1,701 | 3,188 | 2,612 | 152 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Humanities | 3,782 | 4,329 | 5,846 | 6,288 | 8,010 | 11,447 | 10,771 | 8,157 | 7,129 | 275 | ||||||||||
Law | 44 | 1,046 | 553 | 1,251 | 2,138 | 2,143 | 1,664 | 1,044 | 1,039 | 837 | ||||||||||
Social work | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Visual and performing arts | 251 | 743 | 385 | 248 | 400 | 803 | 212 | 375 | 497 | 0 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E, not elsewhere classified | 1,269 | 3,897 | 4,017 | 3,824 | 3,481 | 2,207 | 322 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey