California Institute of Technology

Rankings

Data year Earned doctorates Full-time graduate students Total R&D expenditures Research space
Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked Rank Percentile Institutions ranked
2025 88 81.2 460
2024 98 79 459 124 80.7 631 81 91.4 925
2023 90 80.8 459 121 82.5 679 68 92.7 911 66 89.3 602
2022 97 79.2 457 120 82.6 680 60 93.5 900
2021 111 75.6 447 109 84.5 691 62 93.3 908 77 87.1 583
2020 115 74.9 450 108 84.8 698 58 93.8 916
2019 93 79.6 447 115 83.8 697 64 93.2 914 89 85.2 589
2018 101 76.8 428 113 84.1 700 63 93.2 911
2017 106 75.5 425 110 84.2 684 60 93.5 898 84 85.7 575
2016 99 77.4 430 123 82.6 697 60 93.5 896
2015 125 82.3 693 60 93.5 898 82 85.9 570
NOTES:
  • 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
  • 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
  • 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

Data

Number of earned doctorates, by trend major field of study of recipients: 2025–16
Fields 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
All fields 221 199 227 204 145 146 206 190 180 189
  Science and engineering 221 199 227 204 145 146 206 190 180 189
    Agricultural sciences and natural resources 2 1 1 . . 2 . 1 3 1
      Agricultural sciences . 1 . . . . . . . .
      Natural resources and conservation 2 . 1 . . 2 . 1 3 1
    Biological and biomedical sciences 36 23 36 31 21 19 31 20 20 25
      Biochemistry and biophysics 6 4 2 4 2 6 10 4 9 9
      Biology and biomedical sciences, general 8 9 18 10 2 3 7 2 1 4
      Bioinformatics, biostatistics, and computational biology 4 2 2 2 . . 3 2 1 1
      Cellular and developmental biology, and anatomy 1 . 4 4 1 . . 1 2 5
      Ecology, evolutionary biology, and epidemiology 1 . 1 . . . . 1 . .
      Genetics and genomics 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 .
      Microbiology and immunology 1 1 1 . 2 2 2 1 1 .
      Molecular biology 1 . . . 4 . 2 2 1 .
      Neurobiology and neurosciences 11 4 7 8 6 7 4 4 2 4
      Physiology, pathology, and cancer biology 1 . . . . . . . . .
      Biology and biomedical sciences, other 1 . . 2 2 . . 2 1 2
    Computer and information sciences 5 2 7 5 2 5 3 2 6 2
      Computer science 4 1 5 4 2 5 3 2 5 2
      Computer and information sciences, other 1 1 2 1 . . . . 1 .
    Engineering 66 55 77 61 60 48 67 65 47 72
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 13 7 12 7 10 8 14 13 9 11
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 10 14 17 13 8 11 11 10 2 3
      Chemical and petroleum engineering 7 6 12 11 4 5 7 3 10 7
      Civil, environmental, and transportation engineering 1 1 1 1 4 3 2 5 2 2
      Electrical and computer engineering 6 9 7 10 7 7 6 8 10 13
      Industrial engineering and operations research . 1 . . . . 2 . 1 2
      Materials and mining engineering 6 7 10 4 8 5 17 13 8 13
      Mechanical engineering 18 9 15 12 16 8 6 11 4 17
      Engineering, other 5 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 1 4
    Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 18 20 15 24 10 4 12 12 16 23
      Geological sciences 12 16 9 13 9 4 8 10 11 17
      Ocean, marine, and atmospheric sciences 6 4 6 11 1 . 4 2 5 6
    Health sciences . . . . . . 1 . . .
      Health sciences, other . . . . . . 1 . . .
    Mathematics and statistics 16 10 10 12 9 8 10 5 15 6
      Applied mathematics 7 6 8 2 4 3 3 . 7 3
      Mathematics 1 1 . 3 1 2 2 4 3 2
      Mathematics and statistics, other 8 3 2 7 4 3 5 1 5 1
    Physical sciences 71 79 76 66 41 56 78 77 69 51
      Astronomy and astrophysics 17 16 12 7 10 9 15 14 12 7
      Chemistry 27 32 35 26 16 21 31 31 27 27
      Physics 27 31 29 33 15 26 32 32 30 17
    Psychology 1 . . 2 1 1 1 2 . 2
      Research and experimental psychology 1 . . 1 1 1 1 2 . 2
      Psychology, other . . . 1 . . . . . .
    Social sciences 6 9 5 3 1 3 3 6 4 7
      Economics 3 5 3 . . 2 2 4 4 6
      Political science and government . . . 1 . . 1 1 . .
      Social sciences, other 3 4 2 2 1 1 . 1 . 1

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   772   777   793   782   724   686   687   700   682   690   0
    Hispanic or Latino   105   104   99   101   74   68   56   54   53   53   0
    Not Hispanic or Latino   664   670   688   674   645   608   624   642   623   629   0
      American Indian or Alaska Native   1   1   1   2   2   2   1   1   1   4   0
      Asian   196   190   179   173   156   136   134   138   144   152   0
      Black or African American   22   21   19   13   6   8   7   8   8   11   0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   1   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      White   375   393   433   438   440   422   443   461   445   442   0
      More than one race   69   64   56   48   41   40   39   34   25   20   0
    Unknown ethnicity and race   3   3   6   7   5   10   7   4   6   8   0
  Temporary visa holders   671   662   626   628   615   613   598   577   578   564   0
  Science and engineering   1,443   1,439   1,419   1,410   1,339   1,299   1,285   1,277   1,260   1,254   0
    Science   882   860   852   839   790   750   736   721   723   720   0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   233   226   220   222   209   202   189   178   119   120   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   11   10   9   6   7   7   8   8   8   9   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   69   79   83   80   79   72   63   59   81   85   0
      Mathematics and statistics   53   50   44   49   43   45   50   46   50   51   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   37   36   31   36   28   27   26   25   18   44   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   451   430   428   417   400   374   379   382   374   369   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   28   29   37   29   24   23   21   23   28   31   0
    Engineering   561   579   567   571   549   549   549   556   537   534   0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   44   48   62   64   67   69   67   72   72   73   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   124   125   117   115   95   88   82   73   57   52   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   56   63   51   57   50   56   56   55   49   54   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   26   30   32   35   37   35   33   30   40   43   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   92   85   80   78   83   90   92   100   115   109   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   19   17   22   21   20   20   19   19   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   66   69   63   62   67   64   62   61   47   50   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   44   46   50   50   51   45   59   69   65   68   0
      Other engineering   90   96   90   89   79   82   79   77   92   85   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Part-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  U.S. citizens and permanent residents   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Hispanic or Latino   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Not Hispanic or Latino   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      American Indian or Alaska Native   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Asian   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Black or African American   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      White   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      More than one race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Unknown ethnicity and race   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
  Temporary visa holders   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0
  Science and engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0
    Science   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health receiving primary support from federal sources, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   497   518   523   556   510   554   519   541   510   522   0
  Science and engineering   497   518   523   556   510   554   519   541   510   522   0
    Science   306   322   307   341   304   326   315   314   291   292   0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   82   78   78   99   80   102   82   76   56   51   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   2   4   1   3   3   2   1   2   4   5   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   27   36   35   28   28   28   32   33   46   51   0
      Mathematics and statistics   4   10   3   10   7   6   7   4   2   2   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   11   8   12   14   10   13   12   11   6   12   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   180   186   177   185   176   173   180   187   163   171   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   0   1   2   0   2   1   1   0   0   0
    Engineering   191   196   216   215   206   228   204   227   219   230   0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   16   20   30   29   26   26   27   27   28   26   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   42   40   50   43   39   47   28   37   29   27   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   23   17   17   14   16   23   23   19   19   23   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   11   13   16   11   12   10   12   12   11   13   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   14   11   13   27   16   19   16   23   25   36   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   4   7   7   7   6   10   6   7   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   30   28   32   24   37   33   28   29   24   30   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   18   20   22   22   22   20   20   35   33   32   0
      Other engineering   33   40   29   38   32   40   44   38   50   43   0
    Health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Full-time graduate students in science, engineering, and health, by type and primary source of support: 2024–15
Type and primary source of support 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All types and sources of support   1,443   1,439   1,419   1,410   1,339   1,299   1,285   1,277   1,260   1,254
  Fellowships   375   426   432   452   414   393   371   343   367   376
    Federal   121   152   141   159   142   153   150   143   157   158
    Institutional   249   266   269   268   255   228   205   179   175   167
    Nonfederal   5   8   22   25   17   12   16   21   35   51
  Research assistantships   862   821   816   754   722   711   692   692   611   614
    Federal   376   365   382   397   368   401   369   398   353   364
    Institutional   353   341   325   273   275   240   243   216   184   193
    Nonfederal   133   115   109   84   79   70   80   78   74   57
  Teaching assistantships   187   162   155   188   168   160   186   209   229   218
    Federal   0   1   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Institutional   187   161   155   188   168   159   186   209   229   218
    Nonfederal   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0
  Other types of support   19   30   16   16   35   35   36   33   53   46
    Federal   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Institutional   4   11   2   1   1   2   1   4   6   1
    Nonfederal   0   2   2   0   20   4   0   0   1   0
    Personal resources   15   17   12   15   14   29   35   29   46   45

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Postdoctorates in science, engineering, and health, by selected characteristics: 2024–15
All races 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  Science and engineering   574   523   551   557   555   681   617   629   601   552   0
    Science   448   406   426   442   446   540   491   476   468   444   0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   145   131   132   150   157   190   176   164   169   149   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   13   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   54   49   54   60   69   83   65   58   56   57   0
      Mathematics and statistics   15   15   5   3   3   2   1   2   0   0   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   43   37   44   41   39   45   40   37   27   13   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   191   174   191   188   178   220   208   214   216   212   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   126   117   125   115   109   141   126   153   133   108   0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   11   14   9   12   17   23   16   19   14   15   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   26   22   24   25   16   22   19   18   7   7   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   37   31   33   26   21   35   27   35   37   31   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   1   1   3   3   2   4   6   8   9   7   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   9   7   11   9   13   10   10   11   13   12   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   24   23   23   16   21   25   25   26   22   10   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   18   19   22   24   19   22   23   36   31   26   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Federally supported science, engineering, and health postdoctorates, by field: 2024–15
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
All surveyed fields   226   217   228   265   278   337   304   324   320   277   0
  Science and engineering   226   217   228   265   278   337   304   324   320   277   0
    Science   172   175   191   221   221   265   251   256   262   230   0
      Agricultural and veterinary sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Biological and biomedical sciences   55   60   66   80   82   83   92   86   85   81   0
      Communication   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   1   1   0   4   0
      Family and consumer sciences and human sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences   14   16   17   24   23   31   24   26   28   19   0
      Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences   22   14   17   15   16   21   20   19   23   8   0
      Natural resources and conservation   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Physical sciences   81   85   91   102   100   130   114   124   126   118   0
      Psychology   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   54   42   37   44   57   72   53   68   58   47   0
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   3   5   4   1   9   11   8   10   6   5   0
      Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering   11   11   5   14   15   14   12   9   1   3   0
      Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering   19   10   15   12   13   22   7   16   18   18   0
      Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   1   0   0   0   0   0
      Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering   2   2   2   4   3   3   2   1   3   2   0
      Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   11   10   6   4   11   9   15   16   17   7   0
      Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other engineering   8   4   5   9   6   12   9   16   13   12   0
    Health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Clinical medicine   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Other health   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering

Total R&D expenditures, by field: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
  All R&D fields   445,173   490,672   478,142   438,624   449,651   399,931   391,003   400,312   371,060   374,424
    Science   369,089 i   416,522 i   395,504   370,861 i   367,004   328,586   317,513   318,940   298,318   267,409
      Computer and information sciences   9,683 i   13,730 i   11,363   13,508 i   15,072   14,405   15,086   9,584   1,220   0
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   39,150 i   47,263 i   57,033   43,295 i   43,338   37,101   32,030   33,138   32,029   29,132
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0 i   0 i   2,689   1,986 i   2,539   4,122   5,694   7,797   7,980   7,119
        Geological and earth sciences   35,965 i   43,235 i   46,166   34,651 i   33,000   26,942   22,911   23,635   22,541   21,095
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0 i   0 i   208   204 i   114   0   0   92   56   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   3,185 i   4,028 i   7,970   6,454 i   7,685   6,037   3,425   1,614   1,452   918
      Life sciences   93,708 i   102,066 i   98,580   100,754 i   89,626   87,505   80,318   77,964   65,679   63,913
        Agricultural sciences   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   93,708 i   102,066 i   98,392   100,578 i   89,580   84,558   76,044   74,998   65,501   63,637
        Health sciences   0 i   0 i   142   128 i   46   2,815   4,274   2,966   178   230
        Natural resources and conservation   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Life sciences nec   0 i   0 i   46   48 i   0   132   0   0   0   46
      Mathematics and statistics   1,385 i   794 i   1,063   1,039 i   1,387   1,534   1,475   1,641   9,809   10,003
      Physical sciences   217,325 i   235,054 i   227,465   212,265 i   217,581   188,041   188,604   192,478   185,449   164,339
        Astronomy and astrophysics   51,405 i   60,682 i   64,902   49,083 i   49,859   45,835   41,062   35,423   35,373   39,943
        Chemistry   33,203 i   36,142 i   36,223   37,366 i   40,638   42,498   46,180   51,531   49,285   40,577
        Materials science   0 i   0 i   25,614   25,102 i   20,847   15,109   17,713   19,616   15,790   0
        Physics   105,783 i   111,025 i   100,726   100,714 i   106,237   84,599   83,649   85,908   85,001   83,819
        Physical sciences nec   26,934 i   27,205 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Psychology   2,127 i   1,117 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   46   46   0
      Social sciences   1,852 i   3,213 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Anthropology   17 i   22 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Economics   308 i   211 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Political science and government   17 i   21 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   17 i   21 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
        Social sciences nec   1,493 i   2,938 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Sciences nec   3,859 i   13,285 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   4,089   4,086   22
    Engineering   75,727 i   73,871 i   51,975   51,630 i   51,693   46,972   45,494   61,771   57,886   83,424
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   8,092 i   7,631 i   7,418   6,149 i   9,139   9,108   9,619   14,144   13,268   13,528
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   6,750 i   6,287 i   6,392   6,210 i   3,051   892   868   1,869   1,956   658
      Chemical engineering   5,250 i   6,982 i   7,286   7,524 i   7,955   5,548   3,867   9,494   16,256   27,701
      Civil engineering   11,353 i   8,777 i   11,452   11,644 i   12,202   12,598   13,059   7,509   5,540   8,463
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   5,978 i   6,180 i   7,780   5,501 i   4,877   5,799   4,840   6,858   6,766   6,052
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   4,845 i   3,291 i   183   220 i   307   368   0   5,168   3,063   174
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   31,000 i   26,713 i   96   44 i   12   0   0   92   2,565   19,757
      Engineering nec   2,459 i   8,010 i   11,368   14,338 i   14,150   12,659   13,241   16,637   8,472   7,091
    Non-S&E   357 i   279 i   30,663   16,133 i   30,954   24,373   27,996   19,601   14,856   23,591
      Business management and business administration   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   224   115   426
      Communication and communications technologies   0 i   0 i   388   179 i   91   44   173   118   28   14
      Education   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Humanities   357 i   279 i   7,342   7,641 i   10,411   10,425   10,002   6,630   6,005   8,154
      Law   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Social work   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   0 i   0 i   0   0 i   0   0   0   0   0   0
      Non-S&E nec   0 i   0 i   22,933   8,313 i   20,452   13,904   17,821   12,629   8,708   14,997

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Total R&D expenditures, by source of funds and R&D field: 2024
(Dollars in thousands)
Field All R&D expenditures Federal government State and local government Institution funds Business Nonprofit organizations All other sources
  All R&D fields   445,173   298,754   3,874   60,852   45,352   27,487   8,854
    Science   369,089 i   256,052   3,613   49,594 i   27,658   24,656   7,516
      Computer and information sciences   9,683 i   7,018   0   1,257 i   464   705   239
      Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   39,150 i   25,185   3,363   5,096 i   1,272   1,907   2,327
        Atmospheric science and meteorology   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
        Geological and earth sciences   35,965 i   22,341   3,363   4,755 i   1,272   1,907   2,327
        Ocean sciences and marine sciences   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
        Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec   3,185 i   2,844   0   341 i   0   0   0
      Life sciences   93,708 i   64,391   0   11,517 i   1,199   14,149   2,452
        Agricultural sciences   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
        Biological and biomedical sciences   93,708 i   64,391   0   11,517 i   1,199   14,149   2,452
        Health sciences   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
        Natural resources and conservation   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
        Life sciences nec   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Mathematics and statistics   1,385 i   1,020   0   148 i   0   54   163
      Physical sciences   217,325 i   155,608   250   30,658 i   21,271   7,407   2,131
        Astronomy and astrophysics   51,405 i   41,385   0   9,190 i   0   665   165
        Chemistry   33,203 i   20,709   250   5,393 i   2,054   3,706   1,091
        Materials science   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
        Physics   105,783 i   87,647   0   13,131 i   1,114   3,036   855
        Physical sciences nec   26,934 i   5,867   0   2,944 i   18,103   0   20
      Psychology   2,127 i   1,898   0   229 i   0   0   0
      Social sciences   1,852 i   853   0   276 i   137   434   152
        Anthropology   17 i   0   0   17 i   0   0   0
        Economics   308 i   259   0   49 i   0   0   0
        Political science and government   17 i   0   0   17 i   0   0   0
        Sociology, demography, and population studies   17 i   0   0   17 i   0   0   0
        Social sciences nec   1,493 i   594   0   176 i   137   434   152
      Sciences nec   3,859 i   79   0   413 i   3,315   0   52
    Engineering   75,727 i   42,627   261   11,220 i   17,694   2,831   1,094
      Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering   8,092 i   4,269   0   1,113 i   2,486   134   90
      Bioengineering and biomedical engineering   6,750 i   5,048   0   723 i   40   893   46
      Chemical engineering   5,250 i   3,847   0   612 i   400   319   72
      Civil engineering   11,353 i   10,106   0   1,216 i   0   0   31
      Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering   5,978 i   3,108   0   1,269 i   593   998   10
      Industrial and manufacturing engineering   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Mechanical engineering   4,845 i   0   261   1,107 i   3,457   20   0
      Metallurgical and materials engineering   31,000 i   15,681   0   3,464 i   10,718   410   727
      Engineering nec   2,459 i   568   0   1,716 i   0   57   118
    Non-S&E   357 i   75   0   38 i   0   0   244
      Business management and business administration   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Communication and communications technologies   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Education   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Humanities   357 i   75   0   38 i   0   0   244
      Law   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Social work   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Visual and performing arts   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0
      Non-S&E nec   0 i   0   0   0 i   0   0   0

i=imputed

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Federally funded R&D expenditures, by federal agency: 2024–15
(Dollars in thousands)
Source of funds 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Federal Agencies   298,754   310,519   326,401   293,197   316,519   287,198   280,451   277,358   265,206   272,673
  DOD   31,906   30,414   28,973   30,794   34,756   34,316   33,617   33,045   28,592   24,455
  DOE   26,393   23,660   23,564   22,422   20,937   21,103   22,752   23,705   24,947   28,922
  HHS   78,978   81,652   89,631   88,419   81,136   78,102   72,310   70,258   63,384   68,943
  NASA   62,042   72,312   83,886   57,283   76,296   64,954   60,585   54,913   52,639   53,283
  NSF   93,466   96,199   94,888   88,858   96,277   82,563   85,056   88,367   89,490   93,167
  USDA   0   2   0   0   0   20   86   704   139   373
  Other   5,969   6,280   5,459   5,421   7,117   6,140   6,045   6,366   6,015   3,530

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Headcount of R&D personnel: 2024–18 [temporarily discontinued]
Year
2024   .   .   .   .
2023   .   .   .   .
2022   .   .   .   .
2021   .   .   .   .
2020   .   .   .   .
2019   2,450   323   2,127   .
2018   1,955   302   1,653   .

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey

Science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field: 2023–14
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space 2023 2021 2019 2017 2015
  All research space   3,667   3,522   3,557   3,549   3,172
    Agricultural sciences   907   968   1,071   1,072   1,062
    Biological and biomedical sciences   797   864   811   786   625
    Computer and information sciences   44   31   34   34   22
    Engineering   457   377   399   415   410
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   124   89   86   101   82
    Health sciences   127   142   198   235   256
    Mathematics and statistics   24   11   11   11   14
    Natural resources and conservation   99   96   100   90   24
    Physical sciences   827   694   657   625   589
    Psychology   48   41   35   38   31
    Social sciences   85   87   65   65   57
    Other   128   121   90   76   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

New construction of science and engineering research space, by field and time of construction: 2025–16
(Net assignable square feet in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   501,913   141,585   6,137   105,538   117,900
    Agricultural sciences   220,563   10,285   0   0   19,300
    Biological and biomedical sciences   160,000   0   0   81,790   98,600
    Computer and information sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Engineering   1,850   0   0   9,698   0
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Health sciences   88,000   12,400   0   0   0
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   0   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   6,900   6,137   0   0
    Physical sciences   31,500   112,000   0   14,050   0
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   0   0   0   0   0
    Other   0   0   0   0   0

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

Costs for repair and renovation of science and engineering research space in academic institutions, by field and time of repair and renovation: 2025–16
(Dollars in thousands)
Field, medical school space, and research animal space Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017
  All research space   28,285   109,387   86,587   50,565   52,762
    Agricultural sciences   7,237   8,218   1,653   5,478   470
    Biological and biomedical sciences   9,380   12,181   8,289   17,044   9,876
    Computer and information sciences   1,500   258   0   0   2,886
    Engineering   2,884   7,946   17,530   9,721   15,692
    Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences   657   10,405   0   5,507   750
    Health sciences   0   9,079   3,585   0   700
    Mathematics and statistics   0   0   0   452   0
    Natural resources and conservation   0   3,400   0   0   275
    Physical sciences   4,129   56,628   49,051   11,424   20,708
    Psychology   0   0   0   0   0
    Social sciences   0   0   1,253   0   0
    Other   2,498   1,273   5,226   940   1,405

NOTE:
  • . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
  • Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.

SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities

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