Calvin U.
Rankings
| Data year | Earned doctorates | Full-time graduate students | Total R&D expenditures | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Percentile | Institutions ranked | Rank | Percentile | Institutions ranked | Rank | Percentile | Institutions ranked | Rank | Percentile | Institutions ranked | |
| 2024 | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 442 | 35.6 | 679 | 445 | 26.9 | 602 | 538 | 41.8 | 914 | |||
| 2022 | 469 | 31.8 | 680 | 500 | 45 | 900 | ||||||
| 2021 | 540 | 22.7 | 691 | 434 | 26.4 | 583 | 501 | 45.4 | 908 | |||
| 2020 | 578 | 18 | 698 | 528 | 43 | 916 | ||||||
| 2019 | 581 | 17.5 | 697 | 444 | 25.4 | 589 | 590 | 36.1 | 914 | |||
| 2018 | 574 | 18.8 | 700 | 538 | 41.6 | 911 | ||||||
| 2017 | 592 | 14.3 | 684 | 422 | 27.4 | 575 | 585 | 35.6 | 898 | |||
| 2016 | 585 | 16.9 | 697 | 534 | 41 | 896 | ||||||
| 2015 | 584 | 16.6 | 693 | 438 | 24 | 570 | 486 | 46.5 | 898 | |||
| 2014 | 450 | 49.9 | 889 | |||||||||
  NOTES:
  
- 1. See TableBuilder for the prior year data.
 - 2. Blank white cells indicate data not available, not applicable, or institution not eligible for survey.
 - 3. Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.
 
Data
| All races | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 9 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Female | 110 | 87 | 46 | 38 | 34 | 37 | 27 | 32 | 35 | . | ||||||||||
| U.S. citizens and permanent residents | 117 | 95 | 53 | 38 | 34 | 33 | 27 | 32 | 33 | . | ||||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 108 | 90 | 48 | 36 | 34 | 33 | 25 | 31 | 32 | . | ||||||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Asian | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Black or African American | 6 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| White | 95 | 76 | 42 | 34 | 30 | 30 | 21 | 30 | 30 | . | ||||||||||
| More than one race | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| Unknown ethnicity and race | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Temporary visa holders | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | . | ||||||||||
| Science and engineering | 5 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science | 5 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Agricultural and veterinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Communication | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Psychology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Social sciences | 3 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Health | 114 | 93 | 45 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 28 | 34 | 35 | . | ||||||||||
| Clinical medicine | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other health | 113 | 89 | 43 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 28 | 34 | 35 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).
 
| All races | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 9 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Female | 68 | 54 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| U.S. citizens and permanent residents | 77 | 63 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 8 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 68 | 57 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Asian | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Black or African American | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| White | 59 | 46 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| More than one race | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Unknown ethnicity and race | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Temporary visa holders | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science and engineering | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Agricultural and veterinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Communication | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Psychology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Social sciences | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Health | 69 | 57 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | . | ||||||||||
| Clinical medicine | 7 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other health | 62 | 48 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).
 
| Field | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All surveyed fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science and engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Agricultural and veterinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Communication | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Psychology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Social sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Health | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Clinical medicine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other health | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).
 
| Type and primary source of support | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All types and sources of support | 119 | 97 | 54 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 28 | 34 | 35 | . | ||||||||||
| Fellowships | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Federal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Institutional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Nonfederal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Research assistantships | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Federal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Institutional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Nonfederal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Teaching assistantships | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Federal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Institutional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Nonfederal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other types of support | 119 | 97 | 54 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 28 | 34 | 35 | . | ||||||||||
| Federal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Institutional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Nonfederal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Personal resources | 119 | 97 | 54 | 39 | 34 | 37 | 28 | 34 | 35 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 
| All races | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Science and engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Agricultural and veterinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Communication | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Psychology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Social sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Health | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Clinical medicine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Other health | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).
 
| Field | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All surveyed fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Science and engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Science | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Agricultural and veterinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Communication | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Computer and information sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Family and consumer sciences and human sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Physical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Psychology | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Social sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Other engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Health | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | ||||||||||
| Clinical medicine | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ||||||||||
| Other health | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Fields of study are grouped as they appear in survey data table (https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvygradpostdoc/#tabs-2).
 
| Field | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All R&D fields | 2,555 | 3,169 | 2,637 | 2,107 | 1,577 | 1,937 | 1,456 | 1,809 | 2,430 | 3,051 | ||||||||||
| Science | 1,214 | i | 1,398 | i | 1,277 | i | 1,159 | i | 1,410 | 1,634 | 1,211 | 1,269 | 1,687 | i | 2,562 | |||||
| Computer and information sciences | 25 | i | 73 | i | 66 | i | 59 | i | 255 | 381 | 6 | 17 | 23 | i | 38 | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 30 | i | 39 | i | 30 | i | 21 | i | 37 | 2 | 13 | 5 | 7 | i | 57 | |||||
| Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Geological and earth sciences | 30 | i | 39 | i | 30 | i | 21 | i | 37 | 2 | 13 | 5 | 7 | i | 57 | |||||
| Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Life sciences | 523 | i | 479 | i | 430 | i | 381 | i | 519 | 471 | 380 | 586 | 773 | i | 1,457 | |||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 490 | i | 381 | i | 355 | i | 329 | i | 503 | 470 | 354 | 564 | 743 | i | 1,324 | |||||
| Health sciences | 33 | i | 89 | i | 68 | i | 47 | i | 16 | 1 | 26 | 22 | 30 | i | 0 | |||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | i | 9 | i | 7 | i | 5 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Life sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 133 | |||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 63 | i | 57 | i | 53 | i | 49 | i | 32 | 152 | 63 | 66 | 87 | i | 466 | |||||
| Physical sciences | 536 | i | 358 | i | 331 | i | 304 | i | 462 | 542 | 583 | 367 | 483 | i | 452 | |||||
| Astronomy and astrophysics | 49 | i | 49 | i | 48 | i | 46 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Chemistry | 267 | i | 298 | i | 275 | i | 252 | i | 325 | 422 | 551 | 319 | 418 | i | 357 | |||||
| Materials science | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Physics | 14 | i | 11 | i | 8 | i | 6 | i | 137 | 120 | 32 | 48 | 65 | i | 95 | |||||
| Physical sciences nec | 206 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Psychology | 2 | i | 41 | i | 31 | i | 22 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 | i | 2 | |||||
| Social sciences | 35 | i | 62 | i | 54 | i | 46 | i | 105 | 86 | 166 | 223 | 307 | i | 90 | |||||
| Anthropology | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Economics | 0 | i | 31 | i | 30 | i | 30 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 10 | |||||
| Political science and government | 2 | i | 7 | i | 5 | i | 4 | i | 32 | 9 | 29 | 12 | 17 | i | 22 | |||||
| Sociology, demography, and population studies | 0 | i | 2 | i | 2 | i | 1 | i | 54 | 64 | 119 | 211 | 290 | i | 58 | |||||
| Social sciences nec | 33 | i | 22 | i | 17 | i | 11 | i | 19 | 13 | 18 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Sciences nec | 0 | i | 289 | i | 282 | i | 277 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Engineering | 134 | i | 129 | i | 107 | i | 84 | i | 111 | 159 | 95 | 62 | 85 | i | 65 | |||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | i | 10 | i | 8 | i | 5 | i | 24 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Chemical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Civil engineering | 42 | i | 2 | i | 2 | i | 1 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 21 | 47 | 6 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| Mechanical engineering | 71 | i | 36 | i | 36 | i | 35 | i | 0 | 66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 65 | |||||
| Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Engineering nec | 21 | i | 81 | i | 61 | i | 43 | i | 66 | 12 | 89 | 62 | 85 | i | 0 | |||||
| Non-S&E | 1,207 | i | 1,642 | i | 1,253 | i | 864 | i | 56 | 144 | 150 | 478 | 658 | i | 424 | |||||
| Business management and business administration | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 10 | |||||
| Communication and communications technologies | 286 | i | 282 | i | 215 | i | 149 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 31 | |||||
| Education | 73 | i | 72 | i | 55 | i | 38 | i | 0 | 47 | 100 | 405 | 558 | i | 263 | |||||
| Humanities | 806 | i | 1,240 | i | 946 | i | 652 | i | 53 | 97 | 49 | 73 | 100 | i | 104 | |||||
| Law | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Social work | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||
| Visual and performing arts | 9 | i | 48 | i | 37 | i | 25 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 5 | |||||
| Non-S&E nec | 33 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 11 | 
i=imputed
     NOTE:
      
   - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
 
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey
| Field | All R&D expenditures | Federal government | State and local government | Institution funds | Business | Nonprofit organizations | All other sources | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All R&D fields | 2,555 | 854 | 68 | 330 | 0 | 1,060 | 243 | |||||||
| Science | 1,214 | i | 790 | 30 | 200 | 0 | 79 | 115 | i | |||||
| Computer and information sciences | 25 | i | 9 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 | i | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 30 | i | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 3 | i | |||||
| Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Geological and earth sciences | 30 | i | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 3 | i | |||||
| Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Life sciences | 523 | i | 348 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 59 | 50 | i | |||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 490 | i | 348 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 35 | 47 | i | |||||
| Health sciences | 33 | i | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 3 | i | |||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Life sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 63 | i | 40 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 6 | i | |||||
| Physical sciences | 536 | i | 393 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 17 | 51 | i | |||||
| Astronomy and astrophysics | 49 | i | 29 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 5 | i | |||||
| Chemistry | 267 | i | 178 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 17 | 25 | i | |||||
| Materials science | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Physics | 14 | i | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 | i | |||||
| Physical sciences nec | 206 | i | 186 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | i | |||||
| Psychology | 2 | i | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Social sciences | 35 | i | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | i | |||||
| Anthropology | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Economics | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Political science and government | 2 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | i | |||||
| Sociology, demography, and population studies | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Social sciences nec | 33 | i | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | i | |||||
| Sciences nec | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Engineering | 134 | i | 64 | 38 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 13 | i | |||||
| Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Chemical engineering | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Civil engineering | 42 | i | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | i | |||||
| Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Mechanical engineering | 71 | i | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | i | |||||
| Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Engineering nec | 21 | i | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 | i | |||||
| Non-S&E | 1,207 | i | 0 | 0 | 111 | 0 | 981 | 115 | i | |||||
| Business management and business administration | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Communication and communications technologies | 286 | i | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 242 | 27 | i | |||||
| Education | 73 | i | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 51 | 7 | i | |||||
| Humanities | 806 | i | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 688 | 77 | i | |||||
| Law | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Social work | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | |||||
| Visual and performing arts | 9 | i | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | i | |||||
| Non-S&E nec | 33 | i | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 3 | i | 
i=imputed
     NOTE:
      
   - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
 
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey
| Source of funds | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Agencies | 854 | 931 | 929 | 927 | 925 | 1,363 | 880 | 795 | 1,034 | 1,273 | ||||||||||
| DOD | 40 | 40 | 40 | i | 40 | i | 170 | 269 | 219 | 20 | 26 | i | 0 | |||||||
| DOE | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | |||||||
| HHS | 134 | 104 | 104 | i | 104 | i | 119 | 260 | 265 | 340 | 442 | i | 228 | |||||||
| NASA | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 9 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 10 | i | 5 | |||||||
| NSF | 515 | 636 | 635 | i | 634 | i | 374 | 603 | 293 | 265 | 345 | i | 910 | |||||||
| USDA | 0 | 0 | 0 | i | 0 | i | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 9 | i | 0 | |||||||
| Other | 165 | 151 | 150 | i | 149 | i | 253 | 221 | 103 | 155 | 202 | i | 130 | 
i=imputed
     NOTE:
      
   - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey
| Year | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | . | . | . | . | ||||
| 2022 | . | . | . | . | ||||
| 2021 | . | . | . | . | ||||
| 2020 | . | . | . | . | ||||
| 2019 | 253 | 75 | 178 | . | ||||
| 2018 | 187 | 74 | 113 | . | ||||
| 2017 | 154 | 44 | 110 | . | 
     NOTE:
      
   - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey
| Field, medical school space, and research animal space | 2023 | 2021 | 2019 | 2017 | 2015 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All research space | 49 | 49 | 44 | 44 | 34 | |||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 5 | |||||
| Computer and information sciences | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | |||||
| Engineering | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Health sciences | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Physical sciences | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 4 | |||||
| Psychology | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Social sciences | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.
 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.
 
| Field, medical school space, and research animal space | Planned to start in FY 2024 or FY 2025 | Started in FY 2022 or FY 2023 | Started in FY 2020 or FY 2021 | Started in FY 2018 or FY 2019 | Started in FY 2016 or FY 2017 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All research space | 0 | 350 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Agricultural sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Biological and biomedical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Computer and information sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Health sciences | 0 | 350 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Mathematics and statistics | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Physical sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Psychology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Social sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 
     NOTE:
      
   
  - . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
 - Data from the Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities is collected every two years.
 
